• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2013

It is very important for the collected samples at fire scenes to be properly preserved for laboratory analysis. Preserving abilities of four type containers, metal cans, glass jars, zipper and heat sealed polymer bags, with the five ignitable liquids (toluene, n-octane, o-xylene, n-decane and n-hexadecane) were examined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The glass jars with Teflon (PTFE) liner were the best ability to prevent the evaporation of the ignitable liquids.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 2010

In this paper, a novel Integer-N phase-delay locked loop(P DLL) architecture has been proposed using a voltage controlled delay line(VCDL). The P DLL can have the LF of one small capacitance instead of the conventional second or third-order LF. The size of chip is $255{\mu}m$ $\times$ $935.5{\mu}m$ including the LF. The proposed P DLL has been designed based on a 1.8V $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process and proved by HSPICE simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.390.2-390.2
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• 2016

Single crystalline indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanowires (NWs) were grown by sputtering method. A thin Ni film of 5 nm was coated before ITO sputtering. Thermal treatment forms Ni nanoparticles, which act as templates to diffuse Ni into the sputtered ITO layer to grow single crystalline ITO NWs. Highly optical transparent photoelectric devices were realized by using a transparent metal-oxide semiconductor heterojunction by combining of p-type NiO and n-type ZnO. A functional template of ITO nanowires was applied to this transparent heterojunction device to enlarge the light-reactive surface. The ITO NWs/n-ZnO/p-NiO heterojunction device provided a significant high rectification ratio of 275 with a considerably low reverse saturation current of 0.2 nA. The optical transparency was about 80% for visible wavelengths, however showed an excellent blocking UV light. The nanostructured transparent heterojunction devices were applied for UV photodetectors to show ultra fast photoresponses with a rise time of 8.3 mS and a fall time of 20 ms, respectively. We suggest this transparent and super-performing UV responser can practically applied in transparent electronics and smart window applications.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 1991

We investigated the effect of oral analgesics for patients with cancer pain, retrospectively. One hundred forty six cases were randomly selected during the period between 1986 to 1990. These patients were treated with Tramadol (n=31), Tylenol III(Acetaminophen plus codein phosphate, n=44) or MS-Contin (n=71). partial to complete pain relief as achieved accord to each durg group at 67.8, 68.2 and 76.1% respectively. Minimal side effects were noted in a few patients. Our results show encouraging possibilities for pain control in cancer patients. However, futher studies should be done to find more effective cancer pain management by oral analgesics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.821-829
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• 1996

Gastric cancer was inducedd by N-nethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in Fisher 344 male rats. Freeze dried typical Koran feeds, aged kimchi, soybean paste and maejoo, and partially scorched barbecued bulgokee were fed to the rat in the diet, which were composing 10% of the total diet. Experimental desing was as follows ; (1) group C : Control, (2) group M : MNNG with control diet, (3) group MK : MNNG with 10% of kimchi, (4) group MS : MNNG with 10% of soybean paste and maejoo, (5) group MB : MNNG with 10% of barbecued bulagokee, (6) group MKSB ; MNNG with 10% of the mixture of kimchi, soybean paste and maejoo, and barbecued bulgokee. Each group was fed with isocaloric diet for 26 weeks. Comparing to control, the growth rate of the experimental group was decreased after administration of MNNG and experimental diet. The mortality rate of group MB was increased by 17% than the control group along with a significant decrease of body weight. The protein efficiency ratio and the food efficiency ratio of group MB were lower than the control. The incidence of gastric cancer in rats fed kimchi and barbecued bulgokee were 73% and 75%, respectively, while that of group M which fed MNNG remained only 56%. On the contrary, soybean paste and maejoo showed an inhibitory effect on the burden of gastric tumor. However, the combination of kimchi, soybean paste and maejoo, and barbecued bulogokee showed a synergistic effect of increasing tumorigenesis in rats. Pathological observations of the rat stomach represent that squamous cell type tumors occupied in most frequencies.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 1993

MNOS 구조에서 23.angs.의 얇은 산화막을 성장한 후 LPCVD방법으로 S $i_{3}$ $N_{4}$막을 각각 530.angs., 1000.angs. 두께로 달리 증착했을때 비휘발성 기억동작에 미치는 전하주입 및 기억유지 특성을 자동 .DELTA. $V_{FB}$ 측정 시스템을 제작하여 측정하였다. 전하주입 측정은 펄스전압 인가전의 초기 플랫밴드전압 0V.+-.10mV, 펄스폭 100ms 이내로 설정하고 단일 펄스전압을 인가하였다. 기억유지특성은 기억트랩에 전하를 포획시킨 직후 $V_{FB}$ 유지와 0V로 유지한 상태에서 $10^{4}$sec까지 측정하였다. 본 논문에서 유도된 산화막 전계에 대한 터넬확률을 적용한 전하주입 이론식은 실험결과와 잘 일치하였으며 본 해석방법으로 직접기억트랩밀도와 이탈진도수를 동시에 평가할 수 있었다. 기억트랩의 포획전하는 실리콘쪽으로의 역 터넬링으로 인한 조기감쇠가 컸으며 $V_{FB}$ 유지인 상태가 초기 감쇠율이 0V로 유지한 경우 보다 낮았다. 그리고 기억유지특성은 S $i_{3}$ $N_{4}$막의 두께보다 기억트랩밀도의 의존성이 크며 S $i_{3}$ $N_{4}$막두께의 축소로 기록전압을 저전압화시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국어 어순재배치(scrambling) 문장의 이해 과정에서 발생되는 대뇌 활동을 사건관련전위(event-related Potentials; ERPs) 이용하여 살펴보기 위하여 실시되었다. 네 개의 어절로 구성된 표준 어순 문장(일년만에 마님이 영감을 만났어요.)과 어순재배치 문장(일년만에 영감을 마님이 만났어요.)을 어절별로 제시하고 첫 번째 명사구(NP1), 두 번째 명사구(NP2), 동사(Verb)의 시작점(onset)에서 측정한 뇌파를 비교하였다. 뇌파의 분석은 대뇌 영역을 중심선(midline), 중앙(medial), 편측(lateral)로 나누어 전후 분포(anterior-posterior distribution)와 정중선(midline)의 열에 의해 좌우 반구(hemisphere)로 분리하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 중심선 영역에서 표준 어순에 비해 뒤섞기 어순에서 300-500ms 시간 창(time window)에서 큰 부적 전위(negative potential)가 관찰되었으며 이는 어순재배치로 인한 N400효과로 해석되며 P600효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 특히 첫 번째 명사구에서 문장유형(표준 어순 vs. 어순재배치)의 차이가 가장 크게 관찰되었으며 두 번째 명사구에서는 중앙에서 문장유형과 반구(좌우반구)의 상호작용이 관찰되었고, 동사에서는 문장유형과 반구, 문장유형과 전극 위치의 전후 분포와의 상호작용이 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과에서 관찰된 N400효과는 독일어와 일본어를 대상으로 한 어순재배치 연구 결과와 유사하며 한국어 어순재배치 문장에 관한 사건관련 전위를 고찰하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.801-806
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• 2000

This experimental study is to investigate the intermittent spray characteristics of a multi-hole nozzle in a heavy-duty DI diesel engine. Multi 8 hole$(d_n=0.25mm)$, Multi 3 hole$(d_n=0.42)$ and Sing hole nozzle$(d_n=0.25mm)$ were used in this experiment. By using the 2-D PDPA(phase Doppler particle analyzer), the droplet diameter and the velocity of a diesel spray injected intermittently from the multi and the single-hole nozzle into a still ambient were measured. In order to calculate the mean values such as mean velocity, SMD, AMD etc. and to analyze the intermittent characteristics, the time-window of 0.15ms were applied. In the spray, the small droplet$(D<10{\mu}m)$ was regarded as an air flow, and the correlation between the fuel droplet$(10{\mu}m and the air (low was examined. The normalized axial droplet-air relative velocity of the 8 hole, the 3 hole and the single hole nozzle was evaluated as 0.081, 0.067, 0.06 and in case of the radial droplet-air relative velocity, the normalized. value is 0.014, 0.013 and 0.008 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.923-930
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• 2003

We jointed Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O multifilament tapes and evaluated their electrical and mechanical properties. In order to improve connectivity of multifilaments, one or two single-filament tape was inserted between two multifilament tapes. The critical current ratio(CCR) and n-value of the jointed tapes were evaluated as a function of uniaxial pressure. It was observed that critical current ratio and n-value were 24.8-29.0% and 2.5-2.8 for MM lap-jointed tape. On the other hand, the corresponding values were improved to 24.7-53.9% and 3.1-4.2 for MSM jointed tape, and 63.4-76.0% and 3.4-5.1 for double MS:vr lap-jointed tape, respectively. The highest electrical properties of double MSM lap-jointed tape are considered to be owing to the presence of single core, causing better interconnections of multifilaments between the two tapes. The mechanical property of jointed tape was evaluated and correlated to the microstructural evolution. The strength of jointed tapes was 44-64% less than that of the unjoined tape. The strain tolerance of jointed tape was also reduced compared to that of the unjoined tape. These lower mechanical properties of jointed tape are probably due to the induced nonuniform microstructure such as the existence of cracks and Ag-intrusion in the joined region.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.495-501
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• 2004

A series of N-substituted-1,3-isoindolinedione derivatives (2-16) were synthesized for the purpose of defining the effect of N-substitution on the anticonvulsant activity of these derivatives. The target compounds (2-16) were obtained by condensation of phthalic anhydride with the corresponding amine derivative. The structures of the synthesized derivatives (2-16) were confirmed by means of IR, $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$ C-NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The anticonvulsant activity of all compounds (2-16) were evaluated by subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold test at doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mmol/kg compared with sodium valproate as a positive control. Their neurotoxicity were determined by the rotorod test. Many of the present series of compounds showed good anticonvulsant activity at the tested doses, as compared to sodium valproate. Three of them (4, 6 and 11) exhibited 100 % protection against convulsions, neurotoxicity and death at all tested doses. Out of the series, two compounds (12 and 13) were completely inactive with 100% mortality. 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-(1 ,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-2-isoindolyl) butanoic acid derivative (11) has emerged as the most active compound which is 20 times more active than valproate with ED$_{50}$ 8.7, 169 mg/kg; TD$_{50}$ 413, 406 mg/kg and PI 47.5, 2.4. The results revealed the importance of the combination of baclofenic and phthalimide moieties (compound 11) as a promising anticonvulsant candidate.