• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2016

Background Conventional frontalis transfer may cause a range of complications. In order to overcome complications, we made modifications to the surgical technique, and compared the outcomes of patients who underwent conventional frontalis transfer with those of patients who underwent modified frontalis transfer. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 48 patients (78 eyes) who underwent conventional frontalis transfer between 1991 and 2003 (group A) and 67 patients (107 eyes) who underwent modified frontalis transfer between 2004 and 2014 (group B). The frontalis transfer procedures were modified conform to the following principles. The tip of the frontalis muscle flap included soft tissue that was as thick as possible and the soft tissue on the tarsal plate was removed to the greatest extent possible. A double fold was created in cases of unilateral ptosis. In order to evaluate the objective effects of modification, preoperative and postoperative values of the marginal distance reflex 1 (MRD1), the corneal exposure area, and the decrease in eyebrow height were compared between the two groups. Results In group A, patients showed an improvement of 1.19 mm in the MRD1, a 6.31% improvement in the corneal exposure area, and a 7.82 mm decrease in eyebrow height. In group B, patients showed an improvement of 2.17 mm in the MRD1, an 8.39% improvement in the corneal exposure area, and an 11.54 mm decrease in eyebrow height. The improvements in group B were significantly greater than those in group A. Conclusions Modified frontalis transfer showed better results than the conventional procedure and provided satisfactory outcomes.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2009

Chromosomal rearrangements are major pathology in hematological malignancies. The detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) for these gene rearrangements helps in monitoring treatment outcomes and predicting prognosis of patients. Recently, quantification of these gene transcripts based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) has been used as MRD detection. The purpose of this study is to ensure the usefulness of the RQ-PCR technique for detecting MRD in hamatological malignancy patients. The patients had been diagnosed to AML1-ETO positive AML, PML-RARa positive AML and BCR-ABL positive MPN at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital from Jan. 2006 to Aug. 2008. The fusion transcript was quntified by RQ-PCR and analyzed in comparison to conventional cytogenetics, FISH and RT-PCR. The fusion gene transcript was quantified by RQ-PCR in 57 samples from 14 patients with AML1-ETO positive AML, 79 samples from 27 patients with PML-RARa positive AML and 108 samples from 36 patients with CML. At diagnosis, the quantitative fusion transcripts for AM1-ETO, PML-RARa and BCR-ABL showed the range of 0.485552651~10.82233683 (mean 3.782217131, SD 2.998052348), 0.005300395~0.29267494 (mean 0.056901315, SD 0.080131381) and 0.1293929~12.94826849 (mean 1.701935665, SD 2.200913158). The increase of AML1-ETO fusion gene transcripts preceded morphologic relapse in two patients. Quantification of fusion gene transcripts by RQ-PCR could detected MRD in samples which were negative by in cytogenetic analysis or FISH. Our findings indicated that quantitative analysis of AML1-ETO, PML-RARa and BCR-ABL transcripts by RQ-PCR might be a useful tool for the monitoring of minimal residual disease in hematological malignancies.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 1999

목 적: 수면무호흡증 환자들에서 수면 중 구강내 기구의 착용이 수면 중 기도의 크기와 airway collapsibility에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여. 방 법: 9명의 폐쇄성 수면무호흡(obstructive sleep apnea) 환자들에서 구강내 기구를 착용하기 전과 후에 수면다원검사와 axial airway CT를 시행하였다. 상기도의 다섯 곳(retropalatal-high, retropalatal-low, retroglossal, epiglottis, hypopharynx levels)에서 axial CT를 시행하였는데, 각 위치에서 수면무호흡 상태에서 하나의 axial CT image를 얻고, 정상적인 수면호흡 중에 1초 간격으로 10장의 axial CT images를 연속적으로 얻었다. 이와 같은 방법으로 구강내 기구를 착용하기 전과 후에 airway CT를 각각 2회 실시하였다. 각 CT 영상에서 기도의 횡단면적(cross-sectional area)을 측정하여서 구강내 기구의 착용 전과 후에서 기도 횡단면적의 최소 크기, 최대 크기 및 airway collapsibility의 측정치를 비교하여 유의한 변화가 있는지 알아보았다. 결 과: 수면무호흡 중에 가장 흔하게 좁아지는 부위는 retropalatal-low level이었다. 정상 수면호흡 중에 retropalatallow level의 최소 기도면적이 구강내 기구에 의하여 유의하게 넓어졌다(p=0.011). 평균 airway collapsibility는 retropalatal-low level에서 가장 높았다. 구강내 기구는 retropalatal-low level(p=0.021) 뿐만아니라 epiglottis level(p=0.038)에서도 유의하게 airway collapsibility를 감소시켰다. 결 론: 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 구강내 기구는 일부 환자에서 수면 중 기도의 최소면적을 넓히고, airway collapsibility를 낮추어서 수면무호흡을 예방할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2003

According to Jeong Ho-seong (1999), Koreans use an average of only 20% of the 508,771 entries of the Korean standard unabridged dictionary. To establish MRD for natural language processing, it is necessary to select Korean lexical units that are used frequently and are considered as basic words. In this study, this selection process is done semi-automatically using the KAIST large corpus. Among about 220,000 morphemes extracted from the corpus of 40,000,000 eojeols, 50,637 morphemes (54,797 senses) are selected. In addition, the coverage of these morphemes in various texts is examined with two sub-corpora of different styles. The total coverage is 91.21 % in formal style and 93.24% in informal style. The coverage of 6,130 first degree morphemes is 73.64% and 81.45%, respectively.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2018

Background: The presence of enophthalmos is an important determinant in the decision of orbital wall fracture surgery. We proposed eyelid drooping as a new anthropometric diagnostic measure and analyzed whether eyelid drooping is associated with enophthalmos. Methods: This retrospective study was performed from January 2014 to December 2016. A total of 75 patients with blowout fractures were studied. One experimenter measured the degree of enophthalmos using a Hertel exophthalmometer at 1 week after trauma and at 3 months after surgery. The height change of the upper eyelid was measured using the marginal reflex distance (MRD) on both sides, and the degree of eyelid drooping was calculated by comparing the two lengths. We analyzed statistically the correlation between enophthalmos and eyelid drooping. Results: We found a highly significant correlation between the degree of enophthalmos and the reduction rate of MRD (RRM, as an indicator of eyelid drooping) at 1 week after trauma (r= 0.845). Approximately 2.0 mm of enophthalmos was associated with a 30.8% reduction in MRD on the affected side as compared with the normal side. At 3 months after surgery, patients showed improved eyelid appearance, with a moderate association between enophthalmos and RRM. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the degree of enophthalmos, measured using an exophthalmometer, is associated with a change in the height of the upper eyelid. Thus, upper eyelid drooping can be used as another indicator for orbital wall fracture surgery. Compared with conventional methods, measurements of eyelid drooping are easy to perform, offering a great advantage and understanding to the patient.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2022

Background Blepharoplasty has both aesthetic and functional benefits in patients with pseudoptosis; however, previous studies could not demonstrate its beneficial effects quantitatively and objectively. The authors objectively analyzed the visual field before and after surgery and investigated whether measurements of the visual field can be applied as a suitable predictor of surgical outcomes. Methods In total, 18 eyelids in nine patients with pseudoptosis who had undergone simple skin excision blepharoplasty were evaluated prospectively from February to May 2016. The visual fields were analyzed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using the Goldmann kinetic perimetry test. The visual field test area was assessed using Adobe Photoshop. Results Blepharoplasty had an average 4.99-fold beneficial effect on the superior visual field. In particular, more improvement was seen in the superior temporal quadrant than in the nasal quadrant. No correlation was found between the preoperative margin-to-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and the surgical outcome (P=0.119). However, there was a strong correlation between the preoperative superior visual field and the surgical outcome (P=0.001). Conclusions Using the Goldmann kinetic perimetry test, we objectively and quantitatively proved the beneficial effect of blepharoplasty on patients with pseudoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the preoperative visual field is a better preoperative surgical outcome predictive factor than the preoperative MRD1.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.307-318
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• 2019

The frequently excessive vibrations presented in civil structures during seismic events or service conditions may result in users' discomfort, or worst, in structures failure, producing economic and even human casualties. This work contributes in proposing the synthesis of a nonlinear optimal control strategy for semiactive structural control, with the main characteristic that the synthesis considers both the structure model and the semiactive actuator nonlinear dynamics, which produces a nonlinear system that requires a nonlinear controller design. The aim is to reduce the unwanted vibrations in the response of civil structures, by means of intelligent fluid semiactive actuator such as the Magnetorheological Damper (MRD), which is a device with a low level of power consumption. The civil structures for which the proposed control methodology can be applied are those admitting a state-dependent coefficient factorized representation model, such as buildings, bridges, among others. A scaled model of a three storey building is analyzed as a case study, whose dynamical response involves displacement, velocity and acceleration of each one of the storeys, subjected to the North-South component of the September 19th., 2017, Puebla-Morelos (7.1M), Mexico earthquake. The investigation rests on comparing the structural response over time for two different conditions: with no control device installed and with one MRD installed between the first floor and the ground, where a nonlinear optimal signal for the MRD input voltage is determined. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller for reducing the building's dynamical response.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2018

Objectives: This is a case report about the effect of Korean medicine on blepharoptosis and ocular motility disorders that occur with thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum infarctions. Methods: The patient was treated using Korean medicine such as acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicine (Boyanghwano-tang-gamibang). The change of blepharoptosis was evaluated by measurement of palpebral fissure width (PFW), marginal reflex distance-1 (MRD1), and marginal reflex distance-2 (MRD2). The change inocular motility disorders was evaluated by comparison using photographs of the extraocular movements of the patient. We used the Numeric Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11) of diplopia and dizziness to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Results: After treatment, blepharoptosis and ocular motility disorders were improved. The NRS-11 score of dizziness decreased from 10 to 7, and diplopia disappeared after Korean medicine treatment. Conclusions: According to this study, Korean medicine can be effective for treating blepharoptosis and ocular motility disorders in thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum infarctions.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.497-499
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• 2002

We experienced 29 cases of tentative photo allergic disorders from April 2000 to March 2002. For those 29 patients, photopatch tests have been done to explore possible causative photoallergens. We performed photopatch tests with photo-related allergens and possible causative products that the patients brought to us. After applications for 48hrs, one test site was irradiated with half of MRD or 6.0 J/cm$^2$ of UVA. Readings were evaluated according to the reading criteria of the ICDRG. Photoallergens were suggested in 20 cases (69.0%). Among them, we could find out the causative products in 7 cases (24.1%). Photopatch tests, performed by an appropriate method, are useful in some cases not only for diagnosis of photocontact dermatitis but also diagnosis of systemic photoallergic disorders.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the livelihood resources and income diversification of informal recyclers in the Mekong River Delta (MRD). The multiple linear regression model was applied to determine income diversification and total household income with the sustainable livelihood analysis framework developed by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (2000), including human resources, physical resources, natural resources, financial resources, and social resources. The results indicated that up to 25% of itinerant waste buyers worked on average more than 7.3 hours/day, which was higher than the urban near-poor level regulated by the Vietnam government. The results of the regression model revealed that total households' income was affected by the factors of health status, gender, urban location type 1, the amount of potential savings, and informal credit participation, while the factors of health status, urban location, the amount of potential savings, and informal credit participation have the effect of diversifying farm household income. Thus, if the informal waste recycling sector is supported and regulated by proper government management, it will not only help poor households diversify their income, but it will also help poor households diversify their income, particularly women's income, which is vulnerable and lower than male income in the MRD.