• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2011

The present study was performed to select suitable potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties for double cropping in seed production using aeroponic system, the nutrient solution was sprayed for 20 seconds in every 3 minutes, and potatoes were planted into styrofoam at a distance of 25 cm between plants. Transplantation was completed in September 9 and potatoes were harvested in November 12. The 10 trial cultivars, 'Atlantic', 'Dejima', 'Haryong', 'Hongyoung', 'Jayoung', 'Jopung', 'Jowon', 'Namsuh', 'Seohong', 'Superior' were examined for growth and yield. The shoot growth of all cultivars at the early stage was better than 'Superior', however, no difference was observed at the late stage of plant growth. In addition, 'Superior' showed a excellent root growth during the early plant growth stage, however, increased root growth was only found in 'Jayoung', 'Seohong', during the late plant growth stage. The stolon weight was greater in the order of 'Seohong'>'Superior'>'Jayoung'>'Hongyoung'. Particularly, the number of tuber in 'Jowon' was 22.4/plant that was over twice than 'Superior'(11.3/plant). As results of the current study, therefore, we concluded that four cultivars 'Seohong', 'Jayoung', 'Hongyoung', 'Jowon'were the most suitable cultivars for basic seed production using aeroponic system in Autumn potato.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2003

How to compare the environmental damage caused by vehicles with different foe]s and drive trains\ulcorner This paper describes a methodology to assess the environmental impact of vehicles, using different approaches, and evaluating their benefits and limitations. Rating systems are analysed as tools to compare the environmental impact of vehicles, allowing decision makers to dedicate their financial and non-financial policies and support measures in function of the ecological damage. The paper is based on the "Clean Vehicles" research project, commissioned by the Brussels Capital Region via the BIM-IBGE (Brussels Institute for the Conservation of the Environment) (Van Mierlo et at., 2001). The VriJe Universiteit Brussel (ETEC) and the universite Libre do Bruxelles (CEESE) have jointly carried out the workprogramme. The most important results of this project are illustrated in this paper. First an overview of environmental, economical and technical characteristics of the different alternative fuels and drive trains is given. Afterward the basic principles to identify the environmental impact of cars are described. An outline of the considered emissions and their environmental impact leads to the definition of the calculation method, named Ecoscore. A rather simple and pragmatic approach would be stating that all alternative fuelled vehicles (LPG, CNG, EV, HEV, etc.) can be considered as ′clean′. Another basic approach is considering as ′clean′ all vehicles satisfying a stringent omission regulation like EURO IV or EEV. Such approaches however don′t tell anything about the real environmental damage of the vehicles. In the paper we describe "how should the environmental impact of vehicles be defined\ulcorner", including parameters affecting the emissions of vehicles and their influence on human beings and on the environment and "how could it be defined \ulcorner", taking into account the availability of accurate and reliable data. We take into account different damages (acid rain, photochemical air pollution, global warming. noise, etc.) and their impacts on several receptors like human beings (e.g., cancer, respiratory diseases, etc), ecosystems, or buildings. The presented methodology is based on a kind of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in which the contribution of all emissions to a certain damage are considered (e.g. using Exposure-Response damage function). The emissions will include oil extraction, transportation refinery, electricity production, distribution, (Well-to-Wheel approach), as well as the emission due to the production, use and dismantling of the vehicle (Cradle-to-Grave approach). The different damages will be normalized to be able to make a comparison. Hence a reference value (determined by the reference vehicle chosen) will be defined as a target value (the normalized value will thus measure a kind of Distance to Target). The contribution of the different normalized damages to a single value "Ecoscore" will be based on a panel weighting method. Some examples of the calculation of the Ecoscore for different alternative fuels and drive trains will be calculated as an illustration of the methodology.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.277-286
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• 2017

Mt. Baekdu which located the border of North Korea and China, is known as a potentially active volcano in a typical mountainous terrain. A lahar on the volcanic area is one of the important hazard that can cause the loss of life and property damage. In order to comprehensively address the impact of lahar hazard at Mt. Baekdu, we simulated lahar inundation area using Laharz_py. We assumed 750 m of additional elevation for DEM to draw proximal hazard zone boundary (PHZB) of Mt. Baekdu that H/L ratio are selected 0.10. And lahar volumes for simulation were estimated to $1{\times}10^6$, $5{\times}10^6$, $1{\times}10^7$, $5{\times}10^7$, $1{\times}10^8$, $5{\times}10^8$, $1{\times}10^9m^3$, respectively. In the results, 15 streams are located near a proximal hazard zone boundary, Amnok (Yalu) river (south), Toudaosonghua river, Jinjiang river and Huapi river (west-southwest), Songjiang river, Xiaosha river, Caozi river and Sandaosongjian river (west-northwest), Toudaobai river, Erdaobai river and Sandabai river (north), Wudaobai river-1, -2, -3 (northeast) and Duman (Tumen) river (east). The results of this study can be used as basic data to make a hazard map for reduce the damage that can be caused by volcanic hazards occurred on Mt. Baekdu.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.483-487
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• 2016

The damage of citrus fruits caused by Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood has being increased in Jeju, Korea. The seasonal abundance of S. dorsalis and its injury symptoms in citrus orchards have been studied since the endemic outbreak in Jeju, but studies for the occurrence pattern of S. dorsalis in citrus orchards influenced by adjacent primary hosts have not been fully conducted yet. We selected kiwi- and mango-citrus adjacent orchards to study the migration pattern of S. dorsalis toward to citrus orchards. Yellow-colored sticky traps were used for monitoring the seasonal abundance of S. dorsalis and their migration pattern in two orchards. In citrus orchards, also, we placed sticky traps at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 m apart from the border of kiwi orchard, and 0, 7 and 20 m apart from the border of mango orchard. The seasonal occurrence pattern of S. dorsalis caught on sticky traps were similar between two adjacent orchards. However, the abundances in kiwi or mango orchard was much higher than those of citrus. Also, it was found that densities, distribution and damage of S. dorsalis in citrus orchards depend highly on the distance from the border of kiwi and mango orchards. This result suggested that the primary hosts such as kiwi and mango plants influence the occurrence of S. dorsalis in adjacent citrus orchards. And this information may provide a basic direction for establishing the management strategy of S. dorsalis in citrus orchards.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1554-1560
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• 2006

A Gram-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, non motile, endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil $114^T$, was isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea), and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. It grew well on nutrient agar medium and utilized a limited number of organic substrates as sole carbon sources, including D-xylose and some other carbohydrates, but did not utilize L-amino acids and organic acids. The isolate was positive for oxidase test but negative for catalase, and negative for degradation of macromolecules such as starch, cellulose, xylan, casein, chitin, and DNA. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.8 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major fatty acids were $anteiso-C_{15:0}$ (32.1%), $iso-C_{15:0}$ (30.5%), and $anteiso-C_{17:0}$ (30.2%). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil $114^T$ fell within the radiation of the cluster comprising Bacillus species and joined Bacillus shackletonii LMG $18435^T$ with a bootstrap value of 95%. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found with Bacillus shackletonii LMG $18435^T$ (97.6%), Bacillus acidicola DSM $14745^T$ (96.9%), Bacillus sporothermodurans DSM $10599^T$ (96.5%), and Bacillus oleronius DSM $9356^T$ (96.5%). The phylogenetic distance from any other validly described species within the genus Bacillus was less than 96%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA-similarities between strain Gsoil $114^T$ and closest phylogenetic neighbors were less than 39%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil $114^T$ (=KCTC $13944^T$=DSMZ $18134^T$) was classified in the genus Bacillus as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Bacillus ginsengihumi sp. nov. is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.507-517
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• 2019

To follow up on a 2017 survey of tomato virus diseases, samples with virus-like symptoms were collected from the same areas (Buyeo-gun, Chungchungnam-Do and Daejeon, Korea) in 2018. While in 2017 mixed infections of Tomato mosaic virus with either Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) or Tomato chlorosis virus were detected, only TYLCV was detected in symptomatic samples in 2018. TYLCV amplicons of c.777 bp representing the coat protein (CP) coding region were cloned from the TYLCV positive samples, and the sequence data showed a 97.17% to 98.84% nucleotide and 98.45% to 99.22% amino acid identity with the 2017 Buyeo-gun isolate (MG787542), which had the highest amino acid (aa) sequence identity of up to 99.2% with four 2018 Buyeo-gun sequences (MK521830, MK521833, MK521834, and MK521835). The lowest aa sequence identity of 98.45% was found in a 2018 Daejeon isolate (MK521836); the distance between Buyeo-gun and Daejeon is about 45 km. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the currently reported CP sequences are most closely related to Korean sequences from Masan (HM130912), Goseong (JN680149), Busan (GQ141873), Boseong (GU325634), and the 2017 isolate TYLCV-N (MG787543) in the 'Japan' cluster of TYLCV isolates and distinct from the 'China' cluster isolates from Nonsan (GU325632), Jeonju (HM130913) and Jeju (GU325633, HM130914). Our survey data from 2017 and 2018 suggest that TYLCV has become established in Korea and may be spread by whitefly vectors from weed reservoirs within the farm environment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity and select useful accession with agronomic characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.). germplasms at Garlic Research Institute in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Morphological diversity and relationships among 160 germplasms collected from 26 countries were assessed by methods of clustering and principal component analysis. Among 11 types of leaves and bulbs characteristics, emergence days of leaf showed the highest variation with coefficient of variation of 84.8%, and the bulb weight and the number of scales showed higher variability with 24.3%. Correlation analysis based on 11 quantitative traits showed that bulb weight and bulb length have very high positive correlation with bulb quantity. Plant height, leaf length, and number of leaves showed positive correlation with bulb weight as collections with better performance in growth produced large bulb with higher quality. The cluster analysis based on 5 principal components generated 6 clusters with an average distance of 1.6 among clusters. Domestic genetic resources were the largest with 36 species (22.5%) in group II.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.391-403
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• 1998

The study was carried out to devise a proper measure to increase the income of mountain villagers by producing sap water of Acer mono, and to make the most of sap water as local specialty to contribute to the local economy of mountain villages. All the processes from collecting to marketing of sap water of Acer mono was investigated. The survey was done from mid-January to mid-February in the 3 major sap water collecting regions, Toji-myon Kurey-gun(Piagol area of Mt. Chiri), Okryong-myon Kwangyang city(Mt. Baekun), and Jookhack-ri Sunchon(Mt. Chokey). A total of 90 householders who collect sap water, to say again, 30 householders in each region, were interviewed personally to make up questionnaires. The habitual or general practices about collecting sap water, the selling price, the sales process, labor power to collect and carry down, carrying distance and facilities, sales income and side income, and family income were investigated and examined. Spots of collecting sap water were not concentrated but scattered all over the collecting area. Collecting method, collecting amount, sales process, and selling price varied with the village and region. Sap water was collected by tapping or boring method, the latter of which was widely used in lots of regions except in Sunchon. Although the amount of sap production per family varied with region, the average amount was about 1,350 liters. Of all the sap water collected, 44% was consumed by drinking of on-the-spot visitors and 36% was sold by order, etc. Sap water was sold at the price varying from 10,000 won to 60,000 won per 18 liters. The average selling price was 41,000 won, but selling prices of 43,000 won and 45,000 wan amounted to 38% and 25%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2012

Purpose : In conventional PET image reconstruction, iterative reconstruction methods such as OSEM (Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization) have now generally replaced traditional analytic methods such as filtered back-projection. This includes improvements in components of the system model geometry, fully 3D scatter and low noise randoms estimates. SharpIR algorithm is to improve PET image contrast to noise by incorporating information about the PET detector response into the 3D iterative reconstruction algorithm. The aim of this study is evaluation of SharpIR reconstruction method in PET/CT. Materials and Methods: For the measurement of detector response for the spatial resolution, a capillary tube was filled with FDG and scanned at varying distances from the iso-center (5, 10, 15, 20 cm). To measure image quality for contrast recovery, the NEMA IEC body phantom (Data Spectrum Corporation, Hillsborough, NC) with diameters of 1, 13, 17 and 22 for simulating hot and 28 and 37 mm for simulating cold lesions. A solution of 5.4 kBq/mL of $^{18}F$-FDG in water was used as a radioactive background obtaining a lesion of background ratio of 4.0. Images were reconstructed with VUE point HD and VUE point HD using SharpIR reconstruction algorithm. For the clinical evaluation, a whole body FDG scan acquired and to demonstrate contrast recovery, ROIs were drawn on a metabolic hot spot and also on a uniform region of the liver. Images were reconstructed with function of varying iteration number (1~10). Results: The result of increases axial distance from iso-center, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is also increasing in VUE point HD reconstruction image. Even showed an increasing distances constant FWHM. VUE point HD with SharpIR than VUE point HD showed improves contrast recovery in phantom and clinical study. Conclusion: By incorporating more information about the detector system response, the SharpIR algorithm improves the accuracy of underlying model used in VUE point HD. SharpIR algorithm improve spatial resolution for a line source in air, and improves contrast recovery at equivalent noise levels in phantoms and clinical studies. Therefore, SharpIR algorithm can be applied as through a longitudinal study will be useful in clinical.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.48-55
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• 2009

Purpose: As Korean nuclear law doesn't have any clear guideline about the dose and the external dose rate(uSv/h) requiring hospitalization in radioactive iodine treated patients, the patients are discharged when they meet the guideline of IAEA Basic Safety Standards(BSS). We measured external dose rate(${\mu}Sv/h$) of inpatient underwent 3700MBq (100 mCi) $^{131}I$ radioiodine treatment and considering external dose rate(${\mu}Sv/h$), residual activity(mCi) and excretion rate(%) we found the time for RA to be lowered from 3700MBq (100 mCi) to 1110 MBq (30 mCi) to give reference to set a guideline for discharge. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients underwent thyroidectomy and scheduled for radioiodine treatment, who received 3700MBq (100 mCi) of $^{131}I$ orally and had no renal disease were examined. After 1, 2, 4, 8, and 20, 24, 40 hours iodine uptake and before/after the urination, the external dose rate(${\mu}Sv/h$) measured using FH40G-L(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., MA) at a distance and a height of 1 m for 20 sec on the average. Results and Conclusions: At 20 hours, the external dose rate was decreased to $49{\pm}13\;{\mu}Sv$/h, namely, 78% of administrated radioactivity was excreted and 814 MBq (30 mCi) was residual, and it met the accepted limit for discharge of (IAEA, BSS) under 1110 MBq (30 mCi) (1 m at 66 uSv/h).