• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.141-146
• /
• 1999

우리나라 기후조건하에서 액상발효 우분의 시용시기(봄, 가을, 봄/가을 분시)와 시용수준(0, 50, 100, $200kgN\;ha^{-1}$)을 달리 했을 때 토양중의 $NO_3^-$ 함량에 대하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 액상발효 우분의 시용시기는 토양중 $NO_3^-$ 함량에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 액상발효 우분의 시용수준 증가는 $NO_3^-$ 함량을 증가시켰지만 평균 $3.6mg\;l^{-1}$ 에 불과하였다. 3. 토양의 층별 $NO_3^-$ 함량은 0~20cm 깊이에서는 분뇨시용 수준과 비례하여 증가하였고 그 함량도 평균 $28.9mg\;l^{-1}$에 달하였지만, 40~60cm층에서는 시용 수준에 관계없이 $7.5{\sim}8.3mg\;l^{-1}$으로 매우 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.1510-1516
• /
• 2007

These experiments were carried out to optimize the parameters of electrical activation, methods of parthenogenetic activation and embryo culture in vitro and meanwhile to isolate embryonic stem cells-like (ESCs) derived from porcine parthenogenetic blastocysts (pPBs). These results showed that, as the electric field strength increased from 1.0 to 2.7 kV/cm, the cleavage rate of parthenogenetic embryos increased gradually but the rate of oocyte lysis was significantly increased when using 2.7 kV/cm field strength. The rate of cleavage in 2.2 and 2.7 kV/cm groups was significantly increased in comparison with that of the 1.0 kV/cm group. A voltage field strength of 2.2 kV/cm DC was used to investigate blastocyst development following activation with a single pulse of 30 or $60-{\mu}sec$ pulse duration. The optimum pulse duration was 30-${\mu}sec$, with a blastocyst rate of 20.7%. Multiple pulses were inferior to a single pulse for blastocyst yield (8.0% vs. 29.9) (p<0.05). For porcine oocyte parthenogenetic activation methods, the rates of cleavage (79.0% vs. 59.8%) and blastocysts (19.4% vs. 3.4%) were significantly increased in electrical activation in contrast to chemical activation with ionomycin/6-DMAP (p<0.05). Rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation in NCSU-23 and PZM-3 embryo media were higher than those of G1.3/G2.3 serial culture media, but there was no significant difference among the three groups. The total cell number of blastocysts in PZM-3 embryo culture media containing $5{\mu}g/ml$ insulin was significantly higher than that of the control (no insulin) ($44.3{\pm}9.1$ vs. $33.9{\pm}11.7$). For isolation of PESCs-like, the rates of porcine blastocysts attached to feeder layers and ICM colony formation in Method B (nude embryo culture) were better than those in Method A (intact embryo culture).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 식물성 phytase 처리수준이 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향 및 인 이용률에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. NRC 사양표준의 유효 인 요구량을 충족시킨 대조구와 무기태인 사용량을 50%로 제한한 처리구로 나누고, 각각의 처리구에 식물성 phytase를 각각 0.05%, 0.1% 및 0.2% 첨가하였다. 58주령의 갈색 산란계(ISA-Brown) 240수를 공시하여 총 6주간 사양실험을 실시하였고 산란종계를 이용하여 인 및 질소의 이용성을 측정하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 50% 무기태인 수준에서 식물성 phytase의 첨가에 따른 일당증체량, 산란율의 저하는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 50% 무기태인 수준에서 식물성 phytase 0.05% 첨가수준에서 일시적으로 난각질 저하 현상이 나타났으나 0.1% 이상 첨가수준에서는 난각질의 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 3. 효소의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 P 배설량의 감소와 P 이용률이 개선되었다(P<0.05). 4. 식물성 phytase 첨가는 산란계의 성적 저하없이 사료내 무기태인의 사용량을 줄일 수 있음이 시사되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.440-448
• /
• 2001

As diverse physiological functions of taurine have been reported, taurine-containing health drinks and products are marketed worldwide for the treatment of various conditions such as improvements of liver, heart and circulatory functions or as an aid to athletic performance. Although animal studies have shown that taurine is fairly safe when supplemented in the diet for an extended period, the effective dose range of taurine for dietary supplements is in controversy. Reports on dietary taurine intakes have been sparse, and would serve as a guideline for determining an appropriate taurine dosage. The present study was aimed to estimate dietary intake level of taurine using the taurine content database of commonly used food stuffs established recently in our laboratory, and also to evaluate plasma concentration and urinary excretion of taurine in adolescents and adults residing in Seoul area. Dietary taurine intakes of the subjects were 219$\pm$16.9mg/day for 16-19 years old(n=123), 177$\pm$18.1mg/day for adults older than 20 years old(n=123). Male subjects(n=115) consumed 216$\pm$21.1mg of taurine/day, while female subjects(n=131) consumed 181$\pm$14.3mg of taurine/day(p<0.05). The level of dietary taurine intake was positively correlated with the levels of dietary intakes of energy, carbohydrate, total lipids, cholesterol, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorous, sodium and potassium at p<0.01, and with dietary intakes of iron and animal lipids at p<0.05, respectively. Plasma taurine concentration of subjects were 135$\pm$5.9$\mu$mol/L, which is considered to be within a normal range for healthy subjects. The subjects excreted 1158$\pm$72.7nmol/ of tarine mg creatinine in their urine, which is approximated as 150-170mg of taurine/24hr urine based on the assumption that 18mg creatinine/kg/day is excreted in the urine of healthy adults, and this would be about 80% of the daily taurine intake observed in the same subjects. Dietary taurine intake level was positively correlated with plasma taurine concentration, as well as with urinary taurine excretion corrected by creatinine excretion at p<0.05. The present study was the first report of taurine intake, and plasma concentration and urinary excretion of taurine in a Korean population so far, and these results would serve as an index for the future study evaluating taurine status in a diverse population within and outside Korea. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 440~448, 2001)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.294-304
• /
• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the absorbent (a mixture of activated carbon and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate) on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic genes expression in broilers fed diets naturally contaminated with aflatoxin. Methods: A total of 1,200 one-day-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 10 replicate cages per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: i) control (basal diets); ii) 50% contaminated corn; iii) 100% contaminated corn; iv) control+1% adsorbent; v) 50% contaminated corn+1% absorbent; vi) 100% contaminated corn+1% absorbent. Results: During d 1 to 21, feeding contaminated diets reduced (p<0.05) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but increased (p<0.05) feed-to-gain ratio (F/G). The absorbent supplementation increased (p<0.05) BW, ADG, and ADFI. There were interactions (p<0.05) in BW, ADG, and ADFI between contaminated corn and absorbent. Overall, birds fed 100% contaminated diets had lower (p<0.05) final BW and ADG, but higher (p<0.05) F/G compared to those fed control diets. The absorbent addition increased (p<0.05) serum albumin concentration on d 14 and 28 and total protein (TP) level on d 28, decreased (p<0.05) alanine transaminase activity on d 14 and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase on d 28. Feeding contaminated diets reduced (p<0.05) hepatic TP content on d 28 and 42. The contaminated diets upregulated (p<0.05) expression of interleukin-6, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but downregulated (p<0.05) glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression in liver. The absorbent supplementation increased (p<0.05) interleukin-1β, CAT, SOD, cytochrome P450 1A1 and GST expression in liver. There were interactions (p<0.05) in the expression of hepatic CAT, SOD, and GST between contaminated corn and absorbent. Conclusion: The results suggest that the naturally aflatoxin-contaminated corn depressed growth performance, while the adsorbent could partially attenuate the adverse effects of aflatoxin on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic genes expression in broilers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제31권9호
• /
• pp.1468-1480
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional intake of people in rural areas using 24-hour recall method. Kyungki Yeoju, Kangwon Whengsung, Chungbuk Chungju, Kyungnam Ulju, and Junbuk Jungup were selected for this study. The results were as follows 1) The mean daily energy intake was 2055.7kcal for male, 1703.2kcal for female. Fat intake were 43.0g for male, 32.7g for (female and protein intake was 74.5g for male 61.5g for female. Nutrient intake of Ulju residents were the highest and that of Whengsung and Yeoju residents were the lowest. Nutrient intake decreased significantly in elderly over 70 years. 2) Nutrients consumed below 80% of Korean RDA were Ca, Vit A, riboflavin and Vit E. Ulju residents consumed significantly higher protein, Ca, P compared to other area residents. P, Fe, Vit C intake of adults male were significantly higher than those of elderly over 80 years. Vit A, thiamin and riboflavin consumption of adults female were also significantly higher than those of elderly over 80 years. Ca, Vit A, riboflavin and Vit I were consumed below the Korean RDA in both male and female. 3) Average CPF ratio of energy intake was 69.2 : 14 : 16.8. Energy intake ratio from carbohydrate was significantly lower in Ulju residents compared to Yeoju and Jungup residents. Energy intake ratio from protein was significantly higher in Ulju area than the other areas. Carbohydrate dependency was increased with age, meanwhile fat dependency was decreased with age. 4) The mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, were significantly different among areas : the highest was 0.81 in Ulju, the lowest was 0.65 in Whengsung. Adults of 20-49 years showed the highest MAR of 0.76 and the lowest MAR was 0.52 in over 80 years group. The indexes of nutritional quality(INQ) was higher in 01;u area than the other areas, and INQ showed the tendency to decrease with increasing age. Especially, there were significant decrease in INQ of all nutrients except Vit A with age. Based on these results, it is evident that people in rural area did not consume enough nutrients. Specially, dietary intake of Vit A, Vit B$_2$, Vit E and Ca were not adequate. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1468-1480, 1998)

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.142-149
• /
• 2012

다양한 축척을 갖는 조류발전용 수직축 터빈의 유속과 직경의 변화가 터빈의 유체공학적 효율에 미치는 영향을 수치적으로 연구하였다. 수치해석은 직경 산정식을 사용하여 도출된 동일형상의 다양한 치수의 기준터빈에 대하여 수행되었으며 유속과 직경 변화에 따른 효율의 차이에 대해 알아보았다. 해석결과 터빈의 효율은 레이놀즈 수 변화에 따라 체계적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였으며, 이로부터 크기가 다른 동일형상의 터빈의 성능은 TSR(Tip Speed Ratio)과 레이놀즈수(Reynolds number)만의 함수로 표시할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 수치해석 결과를 이용하여 수직축 터빈 초기설계단계에서 필요한 간편한 용량산정기법을 제안하고 유속, 직경, 터빈회전수 간의 상호관계를 다양한 관점에서 도표화 하였다. 본 연구는 터빈용량 10 kW~300 kW 사이의 수직축 터빈 초기설계 시에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.445-450
• /
• 1975

한국산(韓國産) 포도주 양조(釀造)에 적합(適合)한 우수균주(優秀菌株)를 얻기 위(爲)하여 대전시(大田市) 일원(一圓)에서 수집(蒐集)한 시료(試料) 포도 중(中)에서 213주(株)의 효모(酵母)를 분리(分離)하여 이들 중에서 우수(優秀)한 균주(菌株)로서 3주(株)를 선정(選定)하여 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 우수균주(優秀菌株)로 선정(選定)된 W-49, W-50 및 W-127은 포도주 양조(釀造)에 있어서 발효료을 속(速)히 청징화(淸澄化)하였다. 2. 저장(貯藏) 45일(日) 후(後) 청징화(淸澄化)된 포도주들의 $OD^{530}_{10}$를 비교(比較)할때 W-50 균주(菌株)의 것은 OD치(値)가 크고 색도(色度)가 매우 짙었다. 3. 관용시험(官龍試驗) 결과(結果) W-49와 W-50의 것이 가장 좋았으며 W-127의 것은 그 다음 순(順)으로서 대조(對照) 균주(菌株) Hb의 것과 비슷하였다. 4. 우수균주(優秀菌株)의 균학적(菌學的) 성질(性質)을 살펴 Lodder의 분류동정법(分類同定法)에 따라 동정(同定)한 결과(結果) W-49와 W-50의 균주(菌株)는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 동정(同定)되었으며 W-127의 균주(菌株)는 Saccharomyces pretoriensis로 동정(同定) 되었다. 5. 이들 우수균주(優秀菌株)의 TTC 정색(呈色) 반응(反應)은 모두 TTC Red 효모(酵母)로 나타났다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2020

Background: Oncologic resection of the scalp confers several obstacles to the reconstructive surgeon dependent upon patient-specific and wound-specific factors. We aim to describe our experiences with various reconstructive methods, and delineate risk factors for coverage failure and complications in the setting of scalp reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted, examining patients who underwent resection of fungating scalp tumors with subsequent soft-tissue reconstruction from 2003 to 2019. Patient demographics, wound and oncologic characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 189 patients were appropriate for inclusion, undergoing a range of reconstructive methods from skin grafting to free flaps. Thirty-three patients (17.5%) underwent preoperative radiation. In all, 48 patients (25.4%) suffered wound site complications, 25 (13.2%) underwent reoperation, and 47 (24.9%) suffered from mortality. Preoperative radiation therapy was an independent risk factor for wound complications (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-7.3; p=0.028) and reoperations (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.5-13.2; p=0.007). Similarly, the presence of an underlying titanium mesh was an independent predictor of wound complications (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6; p=0.029) and reoperations (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.2-9.7; p=0.020). Both immunosuppressed status (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.2-7.1; p=0.021) and preoperative radiation therapy (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.2-9.7; p=0.022) were risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: Both preoperative radiation and the presence of underlying titanium mesh are independent risk factors for wound site complications and increased reoperation rates following oncologic resection and reconstruction of the scalp. Additionally, preoperative radiation, along with an immunosuppressed state, may predict patient mortality following scalp resection and reconstruction.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.64-74
• /
• 2010

Background: The present study was undertaken to examine the immunological effects of pentabrominated diphenyl ether (penta-BDE) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (deca-BDE) on the immune system of the dams and the developmental immune system of the offsprings. Methods: In this study, mated female C57BL/6J mice were orally administered penta-BDE, deca-BDE or corn oil for 5 weeks, from gestational day 6 to lactational day 21. Results: The body weight of PND21 exposed to penta-BDE was significantly decreased relative to control mice, but that of post-natal day 63 (PND63) were recovered. Orally dosed dams with penta-BDE had significantly smaller absolute and relative spleen masses than control mice. Absolute and relative spleen and thymus masses of PND21 exposed to penta-BDE were significantly decreased over control. The exposure of dams and PND21 with penta-BDE reduced the number of splenocytes and thymocytes. As results of hematologic analysis, percentage WBC and percentage neutrophils increased in dams with deca-BDE. Splenic T cell proliferation in dams and PND21 exposed to penta-BDE was increased, and there were no significant difference in splenic B cell proliferation in all treatment groups. As results of flow cytometric analysis of splenocyte, percentage total T cell, Th cell and Tc cell in PND21 exposed to penta-BDE was slightly increased, and percentage macrophage in dams and PND21 exposed to deca-BDE was decreased. The ELISA results of antibody production show no significant difference in all treatment groups relative to controls. Conclusion: These results imply that PBDEs given to the dam were transferred to the offspring during gestation and lactation, and PBDEs transferred from the dam affect immune system of offspring.