• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1023-1034
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• 2020

Complement fragment iC3b serves as a major opsonin for facilitating phagocytosis via its interaction with complement receptors CR3 and CR4, also known by their leukocyte integrin family names, αMβ2 and αXβ2, respectively. Although there is general agreement that iC3b binds to the αM and αX I-domains of the respective β2-integrins, much less is known regarding the regions of iC3b contributing to the αX I-domain binding. In this study, using recombinant αX I-domain, as well as recombinant fragments of iC3b as candidate binding partners, we have identified two distinct binding moieties of iC3b for the αX I-domain. They are the C3 convertase-generated N-terminal segment of the C3b α'-chain (α'NT) and the factor I cleavage-generated N-terminal segment in the CUBf region of α-chain. Additionally, we have found that the CUBf segment is a novel binding moiety of iC3b for the αM I-domain. The CUBf segment shows about a 2-fold higher binding activity than the α'NT for αX I-domain. We also have shown the involvement of crucial acidic residues on the iC3b side of the interface and basic residues on the I-domain side.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2010

Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K,$\mathcal{I}(D)$ be the set of nonzero ideals of D, and $w$ be the star-operation on D defined by $I_w=\{x{\in}K{\mid}xJ{\subseteq}I$ for some $J{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ such that J is finitely generated and $J^{-1}=D\}$. The D is called a Pr$\ddot{u}$fer $v$-multiplication domain if $(II^{-1})_w=D$ for all nonzero finitely generated ideals I of D. In this paper, we show that D is a Pr$\ddot{u}$fer $v$-multiplication domain if and only if $(A{\cap}(B+C))_w=((A{\cap}B)+(A{\cap}C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $(A(B{\cap}C))_w=(AB{\cap}AC)_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $((A+B)(A{\cap}B))_w=(AB)_w$ for all $A,B{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $((A+B):C)_w=((A:C)+(B:C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ with C finitely generated, if and only if $((a:b)+(b:a))_w=D$ for all nonzero $a,b{\in}D$, if and only if $(A:(B{\cap}C))_w=((A:B)+(A:C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ with B, C finitely generated.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.913-919
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• 2014

We investigate the relationships between the space X and the hyperspaces concerning admissibility and connectedness im kleinen. The following results are obtained: Let X be a Hausdorff continuum, and let A, $B{\in}C(X)$ with $A{\subset}B$. (1) If X is c.i.k. at A, then X is c.i.k. at B if and only if B is admissible. (2) If A is admissible and C(X) is c.i.k. at A, then for each open set U containing A there is a continuum K and a neighborhood V of A such that $V{\subset}IntK{\subset}K{\subset}U$. (3) If for each open subset U of X containing A, there is a continuum B in C(X) such that $A{\subset}B{\subset}U$ and X is c.i.k. at B, then X is c.i.k. at A. (4) If X is not c.i.k. at a point x of X, then there is an open set U containing x and there is a sequence $\{S_i\}^{\infty}_{i=1}$ of components of $\bar{U}$ such that $S_i{\longrightarrow}S$ where S is a nondegenerate continuum containing the point x and $S_i{\cap}S={\emptyset}$ for each i = 1, 2, ${\cdots}$.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2000년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.10 No.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2000

본 논문은 HAPS와 이동위성 시스템과의 간섭영향 분석을 HAPS 고도가 20Km와 50Km 일 때의 C/I 값을 구해 간섭 보호비를 초과하는 시간율 및 초과지속시간에 대한 평가에 대한 평가를 행하였다. 그 결과 HAPS가 Iridium 시스템에 미치는 간섭의 경우 최저 C/I 값은 HAPS 고도가 50Km일 때 20.42dB, 20Km일 때는 12.73dB로 낮아지고, 이와 반대로 Iridum 시스템이 HAPS에 미치는 간섭의 경우도 각각 13.94dB에서 10.42dB로 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. HAPS 고도에 따른 간섭영향을 보면, 고도가 낮아질수록 강한 간섭을 주거나 받게 되며, C/I 최저값 또한 HAPS 고도에 따라 다른 시점에서 나타난다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제29권5_6호
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• pp.1603-1608
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• 2011

Let R be a ring with identity. If a, b, $c{\in}R$ such that a+b+c = 1, then the distributive laws from addition over multiplication hold in R, that is a+(bc) = (a+b)(a+c) when ab = ba, and (ab)+c = (a+c)(b+c) when ac = ca. An application to obtains, if A,B are idempotent matrices and AB = BA = 0 then there exists an idempotent matrix C such that A + BC = (A + B)(A + C), and also A + BC = (I - C)(I - B). Some other cases and applications are also presented.

• 정보학연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1998

본 연구에서 살펴본 바와 같이 컨테이너 운송의 경우 보험단보의 공백구간에서 발생하는 위험을 회피하기 위해서는 운송인 책임의 개시와 위험의 이전시기가 일치되어 있는 컨테이너 정형무역거래조건을 이용해야 한다고 사료되어진다.

• 전기의세계
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1972

The magnetic properties of Ba-Ferrite ( $M^{+2}$O.nF $e_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is highly improved under the condition of composition ratio n=4.4 when B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is added to Ferrite, the adding amount and sintering temperature which affect the magnetic properties were investigated and the following results; were obtained; 1. Magnetic properties are varied with B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ content and singering temperature, and coercive force and residual induction can be improved with B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$. 2. The optimal content of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ amount is about 4 mol %, 3. Without the addition of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$, the optimal sintering temperature is about 1300.deg. C, but when 4 mol % of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is added, the optimal sintering temperature falls to the range of 900.deg. C to 1100.deg. C and it also improves magnetic properties. 4. Residual induction increases as the singering temperature is raised to 1100.deg. C. Coercive force also increased as the sintering temperature is raised to 1000.deg. C, but it rapidly decreases when sintering temperature goes beyond 1000.deg. C. 5. Only a negligible change may be noticed in the decrease of Curie temperature by the addition of about 4 mol % of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.488-498
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• 2003

연구배경 : 세포에 방사선을 조사하면 세포사멸과 함께 AP-l, NF-${\kappa}B$와 같은 여러 전사인자가 활성화 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이중 염증과 면역반응의 중요한 전사인자인 NF-${\kappa}B$는 항아포프토시스의 기능이 있으며 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성화를 차단함으로써 TNF-${\alpha}$나 daunorubicine 등에 의 한 항암효과를 상승시킬 수 있음이 밝혀져 있다. NF-${\kappa}B$의 항아포프토시스 기전은 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성 단백질인 cIAPI, 2의 전사발현 유도에 의한 것으로 cIAPl, 2는 caspase 3, 7, pro-caspase-9의 활성을 차단함으로써 아포프토시스를 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 방사선 유도성 세포사멸에 비교적 내성을 보이는 A549 세포주에서 방사선에 의한 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성화와 그에 따른 cIAP 발현유도를 조사하고 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성화를 차단하여 방사선 유도성 세포사멸의 감작효과를 확인하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 세포주는 A549 폐암세포주를 이용하였고, 방사선 조사는 Varian사의 Clinac 1800C 선형가속기를 이용하였으며 조사량은 10GY를 사용하였다. 세포독성 검사는 MTT Assay를 이용하였고, NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성화 검사는 luciferase reporter gene assay, electromobility shift assay, $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation에 대한 westem blot을 이용하였다. NF-${\kappa}B$활성을 차단하기 위하여 proteosome inhibitor인 MGI32와 $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$-superrepressor plasmid를 transfection한 안정적 세포주 A549-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$-superrepressor를 이용하였다. cIAP의 발현은 RT-PCR을 이용하였고, cIAP2 promoter 활성은 NF-${\kappa}B$ site를 포함한 cIAP2 유전자 5' f1anking region(1.4kb)을 pGL2-Basic luciferase vector에 cloning 한 construct를 사용하여 transfection 후 luciferase assay를 시행하였다. 결 과 : A549 cell에서 10Gy 방사선 조사에 의한 세포독성은 24hr, 48hr에 각각 $10.82{\pm}.3%$, $17.7{\pm}6.4%$로 비교적 내성이 있음을 확인하였다. 방사선에 의한 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성은 $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ 분해에 대한 western blot과 EMSA로 확인하였으며 luciferase assay에서도 약 1.6 배 정도의 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성화가 있었다. NF-${\kappa}B$활성을 차단하기 위해 사용한 MG132는 방사선 유도성 세포사멸에 영향을 주지 않았으며 A549-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$-superrepressor 세포주에서도 세포사멸의 감작효과는 없었다. 또한 RT-PCR 결과 방사선에 의한 cIAP1,2 mRNA 발현유도는 관찰되지 않았고 cIAP2 promoter luciferase assay에서도 cIAP2 전사활성 유도는 없었다. 결 론 : A549 폐암세포주에서 방사선에 의해 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성화는 확인하였으나 활성화 정도가 미약하였고 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성 항아포프토시스 유전자인 cIAP가 방사선에 의해 발현유도 되지 않았으며, NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성을 차단함에도 세포독성에 감작효과가 없었으므로 A549 폐암세포주에서 방사선 유도성 세포사멸에 내성을 보이는 기전에는 NF-${\kappa}B$의 역할이 미미하리라고 사료된다.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2005

This paper discusses the distribution of a null complementizer C, as opposed to an overt counterpart 'that', presenting empirical support both for and against the PF-merge analysis of C proposed by Boscovic and Lasnik (2003, henceafter B&L) who in turn attribute to the proposal in Pesetsky (1992) and Halle & Marantz (1993). In Section I, as a background, I discuss B&L's proposal that a null complementizer C is a PF-affix which undergoes a PF-merger operation at the PF component. In Section 2, after a brief sketch of the distribution of a null C mostly in bare-relatives, I explore the possibility of extending B&L's analysis to accomodate the null C's in the bare-relative constructions. In Section 3, I argue that despite some empirical difficulties, B&L's analysis of a null C as a PF-affix can still be maintained, if Adverb Fronting is an operation to Spec-C position. Furthermore, I propose a rule - PF Spell-Out Constraint - to account for the C-trace (i.e. that-trace) effect in relative constructions. With the PF Spell-Out Constraint and B&L's PF-merge account, the distribution of a null C can better be analyzed.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to classify of the Metal Feathered Trim in old tombs. First, Feathered Trim is 5 types, Feathered Trim I-A, Feathered Trim I-B, Feathered Trim II-A, Feathered Trim II-B, Feathered Trim II-C in according to upper part of central insert plate style. Feathered Trim I-A, I-B, II-B type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in ancient Silla, Gaya. Feathered Trim II-A type was excavated from the only Silla tombs and II-C type was excavated from Gaya tombs. Feathered Trim I-A type was worn previous to I-B type, and II-B, C type was worn previous to II-A type. Feathered Trim 5 types was influenced by the scythe style that was 'Scythe-shaped' tail.