• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.215-235
• /
• 1996

The thermal analysis by mathematical model simulation makes it possible to reasonably predict heating and/or cooling requirements of certain greenhouses located under various geographical and climatic environment. It is another advantages of model simulation technique to be able to make it possible to select appropriate heating system, to set up energy utilization strategy, to schedule seasonal crop pattern, as well as to determine new greenhouse ranges. In this study, the control pattern for greenhouse microclimate is categorized as cooling and heating. Dynamic model was adopted to simulate heating requirements and/or energy conservation effectiveness such as energy saving by night-time thermal curtain, estimation of Heating Degree-Hours(HDH), long time prediction of greenhouse thermal behavior, etc. On the other hand, the cooling effects of ventilation, shading, and pad ||||&|||| fan system were partly analyzed by static model. By the experimental work with small size model greenhouse of 1.2m$\times$2.4m, it was found that cooling the greenhouse by spraying cold water directly on greenhouse cover surface or by recirculating cold water through heat exchangers would be effective in greenhouse summer cooling. The mathematical model developed for greenhouse model simulation is highly applicable because it can reflects various climatic factors like temperature, humidity, beam and diffuse solar radiation, wind velocity, etc. This model was closely verified by various weather data obtained through long period greenhouse experiment. Most of the materials relating with greenhouse heating or cooling components were obtained from model greenhouse simulated mathematically by using typical year(1987) data of Jinju Gyeongnam. But some of the materials relating with greenhouse cooling was obtained by performing model experiments which include analyzing cooling effect of water sprayed directly on greenhouse roof surface. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The heating requirements of model greenhouse were highly related with the minimum temperature set for given greenhouse. The setting temperature at night-time is much more influential on heating energy requirement than that at day-time. Therefore It is highly recommended that night- time setting temperature should be carefully determined and controlled. 2. The HDH data obtained by conventional method were estimated on the basis of considerably long term average weather temperature together with the standard base temperature(usually 18.3$^{\circ}C$). This kind of data can merely be used as a relative comparison criteria about heating load, but is not applicable in the calculation of greenhouse heating requirements because of the limited consideration of climatic factors and inappropriate base temperature. By comparing the HDM data with the results of simulation, it is found that the heating system design by HDH data will probably overshoot the actual heating requirement. 3. The energy saving effect of night-time thermal curtain as well as estimated heating requirement is found to be sensitively related with weather condition: Thermal curtain adopted for simulation showed high effectiveness in energy saving which amounts to more than 50% of annual heating requirement. 4. The ventilation performances doting warm seasons are mainly influenced by air exchange rate even though there are some variations depending on greenhouse structural difference, weather and cropping conditions. For air exchanges above 1 volume per minute, the reduction rate of temperature rise on both types of considered greenhouse becomes modest with the additional increase of ventilation capacity. Therefore the desirable ventilation capacity is assumed to be 1 air change per minute, which is the recommended ventilation rate in common greenhouse. 5. In glass covered greenhouse with full production, under clear weather of 50% RH, and continuous 1 air change per minute, the temperature drop in 50% shaded greenhouse and pad ＆ fan systemed greenhouse is 2.6$^{\circ}C$ and.6.1$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The temperature in control greenhouse under continuous air change at this time was 36.6$^{\circ}C$ which was 5.3$^{\circ}C$ above ambient temperature. As a result the greenhouse temperature can be maintained 3$^{\circ}C$ below ambient temperature. But when RH is 80%, it was impossible to drop greenhouse temperature below ambient temperature because possible temperature reduction by pad ||||&|||| fan system at this time is not more than 2.4$^{\circ}C$. 6. During 3 months of hot summer season if the greenhouse is assumed to be cooled only when greenhouse temperature rise above 27$^{\circ}C$, the relationship between RH of ambient air and greenhouse temperature drop($\Delta$T) was formulated as follows : $\Delta$T= -0.077RH＋7.7 7. Time dependent cooling effects performed by operation of each or combination of ventilation, 50% shading, pad ＆ fan of 80% efficiency, were continuously predicted for one typical summer day long. When the greenhouse was cooled only by 1 air change per minute, greenhouse air temperature was 5$^{\circ}C$ above outdoor temperature. Either method alone can not drop greenhouse air temperature below outdoor temperature even under the fully cropped situations. But when both systems were operated together, greenhouse air temperature can be controlled to about 2.0-2.3$^{\circ}C$ below ambient temperature. 8. When the cool water of 6.5-8.5$^{\circ}C$ was sprayed on greenhouse roof surface with the water flow rate of 1.3 liter/min per unit greenhouse floor area, greenhouse air temperature could be dropped down to 16.5-18.$0^{\circ}C$, whlch is about 1$0^{\circ}C$ below the ambient temperature of 26.5-28.$0^{\circ}C$ at that time. The most important thing in cooling greenhouse air effectively with water spray may be obtaining plenty of cool water source like ground water itself or cold water produced by heat-pump. Future work is focused on not only analyzing the feasibility of heat pump operation but also finding the relationships between greenhouse air temperature(T$_{g}$ ), spraying water temperature(T$_{w}$ ), water flow rate(Q), and ambient temperature(T$_{o}$).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1984

The student's attitude toward science is generally influenced by their teachers. Therefore, teachers' positive attitudes toward science and science teaching play an important role to change the student's attitude toward science. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the status on attitudes toward science and science teaching among the secondary school science teachers in Korea. The attitudes were surveyed by the questionnaire which was developed by Sung-Jae Pak. The instrument is designed to use Likert type scale and is composed of two kinds of scale: one is the attitudes toward science scale (the AT scale) and the other is the attitudes toward science teaching scale (the AT Kale), which contains 24 questions respectively. Each of them has 6 sub-level areas. The six areas of attitude toward science are as follow: The goals and values, process and method of science, knowledge and the view of nature, social and cultural aspects, scientist and a career in science, the preferences and willingness. The six areas of attitude toward science teaching are as follow: The goals and values, process and method of science teaching, the content and structure, social and cultural aspects, science educator and a career in science teaching, satisfaction and willingness. From 152 teachers' responses, the tendency of total as well as each area and the contrast of their backgrounds at the level of 5% significance were analyzed by SPSS computer program. Some results and conclusion of the study are as follow: 1. The overall attitude of the measured secondary school science teachers shows a positive trend tendency. Also total positive attitude toward science teaching are slightly higher than that of science, which support the fact that the teachers are not scientists but they are directly involved in teaching of science. 2. The attitudes toward science are moderately correlated to the attitudes toward science teaching (r=0.52). 3. The areas of knowledge, nature-view and tile area of social aspects of science show a very negative tendency. Also the two areas are not correlated to some other areal at the level at 5% significance. 4. Female science teachers exhibit just a little more positive attitudes than those of male teachers in science teaching. 5. The science teachers who wanted to have a profession of scholar or educator exhibit a little more positive attitudes than others in science and total attitudes (AS+AT). 6. The more the science teachers have "intellectual delights" the more their attitudes toward science and science teaching are positive. 7. At the level of 5% significance, there are differences which college they graduated from, but there are no differences in multiple comparison at 10% level. 8. The differences in their background dose not appear in such as age; teaching career; academic career; deny the superstition; their onlook for the scientist or educator when they were freshmen; major the basic science; opinions about the U.F.O. and the origin of life. 9. The responses of certain individual statement are quite different from the overall tendencies, which strongly suggest the de1ailed analysis and deeper study. For the continuing study, it is recommendable to revile the measuring tools with the theoretical study for the better validity and reliability, and investigate the status of the attitudes toward science and science teaching among the science teachers with sufficient samples.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.387-396
• /
• 1992

This study was conducted to examine the favorable taste of food color for one month of November 1991 With 200 college students consisting 100 male and 100 female students. The color to examine the favorable food was based on Munsell color standard of ten colors such as F. Birren seven colors (red, orange, yellow, yellowish green, green, blue and violet), brown, pink and black. And then, the data of this study was analysed by using frequency(%), mean values, standard deviation, t-test, Chi-square, Spearman correction with SAS Package on the basis of 100% collection and reliable coefficient alpha= .775. The result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. It was shown that the male college students (59%) showed remarkable interest in the food color higher than that of female college students (92%), and that 85% of male students and 97% of female students considered that the food color has an effect on appetite. In addition, the food name having an effect of the food color on appetite appeared in such order as carrot (13.0%), apple (10.9%), spinach (7.0%), cucumber (6.0%) and red pepper (5.6%). The important factor in choosing the favorable food was the taste for both male and female college students, while the male and female students considered the food color as the 4th, respectively, and the 3rd important factor in choosing the favorable food. 2. The favorable food color appeared in order such as orange, red, yellow, yellowish green, green, blue, violet, pink, black and brown colors for the male college students, and in order such as red, orange, yellow, green, yellowish green, brown, violet, black, pink and blue. Also, there was difference between the male and female college students in such colors as brown, yellowish green, blue and pink. It was also shown that there was no relation between the male and female college students in examining the order of favorable food colors and general colors when selecting null hypothesis (ASE: .405). The food name associated with the color was apple for red color, orange for orange color, coffee for brown color, banana for yellow color, lettuce for yellowish green color, spinach for green color, mackerel for blue color, eggplant for violet color, sausage for pink color and bean for black color 3. The favorable color combination of both male and female college students showed red with green, orange with yellow, yellow with green, green with yellow, pink with violet and black with black. In addition, the favorable combination of the male college students indicated brown with black, yellowish green with orange, blue with red and violet with yellow while the female college students did brown with yellow, yellowish green with green, blue with yellow and violet with pink. The favorable combination color showing difference between the male and female college students included orange, brown, violet, pink and black colors. 4. The relation between the food color and terms of favorable taste showed that “light and mild color” is yellow, that “untasty color” is black, that “sourish and puckery color” is orange, that “bitter color” is violet, that “hot color” is red, and that “fresh color” is green which were answered by both male and female college students. However, the male and female college students considered yellow, respectively, and orange as “tasty color”, and black and yellow, respectively, as “sweet color”. Then, the taste term showing difference between male and female college students included “light”, “mild”, “sourish”, “tasty” and “sweet”. Based on the above result of this study, it is apparent that there is a close relation between the food color and appetite while being difference between the general color and taste. In addition to this fact, there is also some differences between male and female college students in the taste of food color.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.526-531
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to identify the optimum condition for dehydration and storage for maintaining the seed vigor in pelleted carrot seeds. The water content of solid materials of un-pelleted seeds was 4.9% (F.W. basis), and that of pelleted seeds was 24%. When we dehydrated pelleted seeds for 3 hr at $25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$, all seeds were dehydrated to 5% - the same level of water content as that before pelleting. Pelleted seeds did not show any significant difference in germination from un-pelleted seeds, and neither was there any significant time or germination difference between pelleted and un-pelleted seeds at the tested dehydration temperatures. However, the $T_{50}$ value of pelleted seeds increased about 3 days larger than that of un-pelleted seeds. Germination speed of pelleted seeds in which the dehydration period was prolonged at $45^{\circ}C$ was delayed compared to those prolonged at $25^{\circ}C$ or $35^{\circ}C$ for the same period. The optimum dehydration condition, which could be applied for large scale in the industry, was dehydration at $35^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr, and the optimum storage temperature which could maintain the seed performance was $5^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.41-63
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences among mother's feeling expression, children's self-regulation, and children's peer competency by socio-demographic background and provide a basic material to develop the parents' education for mother's promosing emotional environment to help development of children by understanding the correlation among mother's feeling expression children's self-regulation, and children's peer competency. The research objects were 361 of 4 to 6-year-old children and their mothers. The tool adapted by Woo Sookyong(2002) was used for Mother's emotional expressivity, and the tool of Lee Jeongran(2003) for the of self regulation and the tool of park Joohee and Lee Eunhae for the children's peer competency. Data analysis was performed with population, percentage, t-test, Cronbach $\alpha$, F-test, and co-relation of LSD posteriori test. The summary of this study are as follows; First, the more negative expressivity was shown as mother's academic career was higher and the more positive one was appeared as family income was greater according to the background of socio-demography. Female children showed the higher self-regulation, and the self-decision and action control were greater as their age was higher. Children's peer competency was higher as they were social and friendly personality. Second, there was the strong relationship among the mother's feeling expressivity, children's self-regulation and peer competency one. Mother's positive expressivity had the relationship with children's self-regulation and peer competency one while weak expressivity had it with self-decision, regulation and children's peer competency. But the strong negative heartstrings' expressivity was an improper co-relation with action control and no relation with similar age competent ability. A definitive relation existed between all low level area except the emotion of self-regulation and children's peer competency. Form the above study, it was Known that there was the relationship among the mother's feeling expressivity, children's self-regulation and peer competency. In particular, there was strong relationship between positive and weak positive expressivity, and children's self-regulation and peer competency. These results could be reflected to parents' heartstrings education by knowing the impact of a positive emotional expressivity and weak-negative one.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2018

Objectives : This study aims to sort out prescription candidates for four major symptoms of Parkinson's disease from Korean traditional medical publication, "Dongeuibogam". Methods : Medical terms related to four major symptoms of Parkinson's disease were primarily selected from "Dongeuibogam". Prescriptions that include at least one or more medical terms which are selected above were classified by the four major symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and finally analyzed to sort the most effective candidates. Results & Conclusions : 1. There are 18 medical terms in efficacy ($ch{\grave{i}}$ $z{\grave{o}}ng$, $j{\bar{u}}$ $lu{\acute{a}}n$, $j{\bar{i}}ng$${\check{u}}$ $ju{\check{a}}n$($ju{\check{a}}n$, $qu{\acute{a}}n$) $lu{\acute{a}}n$, $j{\bar{i}}ng$${\check{u}}$ $lu{\acute{a}}n$($lu{\acute{a}}n$) $t{\grave{o}}ng$, $j{\bar{i}}n$ $lu{\acute{a}}n$, $j{\bar{i}}n$ $t{\grave{i}}$, $sh{\check{o}}u$ $zh{\grave{e}}n$, $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $sh{\check{o}}u$, $lu{\acute{a}}n$ $j{\acute{i}}$, $lu{\acute{a}}n$ $b{\grave{i}}$, $r{\grave{o}}u$ $r{\acute{u}}n$, $zh{\grave{a}}n$ $di{\grave{a}}o$, $zh{\grave{a}}n$ $y{\acute{a}}o$, $zh{\grave{i}}$ $z{\acute{u}}$, $ch{\grave{e}}$ $t{\grave{o}}ng$, $ch{\bar{o}u}$ $ch{\grave{e}}$, $f{\bar{e}}ng$ $ch{\grave{u}}$, $ch{\grave{u}}$ $nu{\grave{o}}$) related to tremor, one of four major symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 2. There are 9 medical terms in efficacy ($qi{\acute{a}}ng$ $j{\acute{i}}$, $qi{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\acute{i}}$, $qi{\acute{a}}ng$ $t{\grave{o}}ng$, $j{\bar{u}}$ $j{\acute{i}}$, $j{\bar{i}}n$ $j{\acute{i}}$, $sh{\bar{e}}n$ $qi{\acute{a}}ng$, $lu{\acute{a}}n$ $j{\acute{i}}$, $y{\bar{a}}o$ $j{\acute{i}}$ $qi{\acute{a}}ng$, $xi{\grave{a}}ng$ $qi{\acute{a}}ng$) related to rigidity, one of four major symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 3. 38 prescription candidates (jiaweishouxingyuan, jiaweilonghusan, gehuajiexingtang, qiangfutang, qianghuoxuduantang, dawugongsan, duhuojishengtang, mahuangzuojingtang, fangfengbaizhumulitang, fangfengtongshengsan, baizhutang, buxinwan, fulingtang, binsusan, xieqingwan, sanbitang, shengdiqinliantang, shujinbaoansan, xingxiangsan, xiaotanfulingwan, shengjunwan, shenmizuojingtang, wuyaoshunqisan, yuzhenwan, wenjingyiyuantang, yiziqingjinsan, ziyinningshentang, shaoyaogancaotang, dingtongsan, zhushazhijiasan, cangzusan, chuanxiongfulingtang, tiedanyuan, choubaowan, duomingsan, xuanhusuosan, xuefengtang, huoluodan) were selected for tremor, one of the four major symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 4. 21 prescription candidates (qianghuoshengshitang, guizhiqianghuotang, guizhifuzitang, jiuweiqianghuotang(qianghuochonghetang), xiongzhixiangsusan, daqianghuotang, mahuangguizhitang, muguajian, fuzilizhongtang, shenzhusan, lianqiaobaidusan, yuzhensan, niuhuangjinhudan, renshenbaidusan, shaoyaogancaotang, jiuzhumuguazhou, cangzusan, shenxiangtianmatang, xiangjiaosan, xuefengtang, huishousan) were selected for rigidity, one of the four major symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 5. The results in this study ought to be verified by subsequent studies and clinical trials.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.34
• /
• pp.58-92
• /
• 2014

Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2006

Background: Culture filtrate proteins secreted by mycobacteria are thought to play an important role in inducing protective immunity and to develop new methods for diagnosing tuberculosis. Methods: A culture filtrate protein of M. avium that was strongly reactive with goat antiserum against M. intracellulare was constructed. Its homologous protein (TB-14) in M. tuberculosis was cloned, expressed and purified. The inductions of IFN-${\gamma}$ stimulated with $10{\mu}g$ of TB-14 recombinant protein and $10{\mu}g$ PPD were estimated by using whole bloods from seven PPD (-) subjects, seven PPD (+) healthy volunteers and nine tuberculosis patients. Results: M. avium culture filtrate protein was confirmed as a hypothetical protein that was termed contig 116. A novel 14-kDa recombinant protein (TB-14) of M. tuberculosis was composed of 148 amino acids, including 30 amino acids of the signal peptide, and it showed 78% homology with M. avium. In the PPD (+) healthy volunteers, recombinant TB-14 protein strongly induced the secretion of IFN-${\gamma}$ in whole blood cultures. Conclusion: These results suggest that TB-14 recombinant protein might play an important role in inducing cell-mediated immunity against tuberculosis. Furthermore, TB-14 protein antigen and its antiserum will be available for the development of new diagnostic tools for tuberculosis.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2009

Recently, the researches to explain Switching Behavior through Theory of Planned Behavior have been discovered. Many researches say that System factors of mobile telecommunication service(MTS) is positively associated with Switching Intention. But There is no difference of system factors between mobile telecommunication services because of IT technique Development. Thus, this study investigated whether switching cost and alternative's attractiveness influence switching intention concerning mobile telecommunication service by adopting Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as an underlying theoretical premise. The study also attempted to determine the moderating effects of personal innovativeness on switching intention. For these purposes the author has developed several hypotheses as follows: H-1. The switching cost of different MTS is associated with the attitude of MTS which is using. H-2. The switching cost of different MTS is associated with the subjective norm of MTS which is using. H-3. The switching cost of different MTS is associated with the perceived behavior control of MTS which is using. H-4. The alternative's attractiveness of different MTS is associated with the attitude of MTS which is using. H-5. The alternative's attractiveness of different MTS is associated with the subjective norm of MTS which is using. H-6. The alternative's attractiveness of different MTS is associated with the perceived behavior control of MTS which is using. H-7. The switching cost of different MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-8. The alternative's attractiveness of different MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-9. The attitude of MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-10. The subjective norm of MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-11. The perceived behavior control of MTS is associated with the switching intention. H-12. The personal innovativeness has been a moderating effects to switching intention. Data has been collected from 403 respondents for this study using a questionnaire method. The survey for the actual analysis of the research was done and analyzed with the customers who have an experience of using Mobile telecommunication service and the samples were selected among the middle and high school students who live in Seoul area, the university students who live in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheng Provinces, and the ordinary workers who are working in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The survey was done for 23 days from March 28, 2008 through April 12, 2008. The positive analysis was done with SPSS 12.0K statistics package and visual PLS program using the analysis techniques of frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and factor analysis. In addition, structural equation modeling was conducted using AMOS 5.0. The data was analyzed by frequency analysis using SPSS 12.0 and structural equation modeling using AMOS 5.0. The result of the overall model analysis is as follows: Chi-Square=378.306, d.f.=107, p-value=0.0, GFI=.904, AGFI= 0.863, IFI= 0.939, NFI= 0.917, RMSEA= 0.079, TLI= 0.922. The results of the overall model analysis were coherent. The following study results were revealed: First, switching cost was related positively to attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control, three components of TPB. Second, alternative's attractiveness was related negatively to subjective norm but positively to perceived behavior control. Third, switching cost and attitude was related negatively to switching intention, while perceived behavior control was related positively to switching intention. Finally, the study found the moderating effects of personal innovativeness on switching intention. Based on the results, the study offers marketing strategic implications for mobile telecommunication service industry.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of 10%(w/w) of various dietary fiber, pectin(P), lignin(L), cellulose(C) and fiber-free (F) on lipid content of serum, liver and intestinal tissues in rats fed 10% coix oil (C)-or lard(L)-1% cholesterol diets for four weeks. The lard pectin(LP) group was the lowest In body weight gain and feed intake. Liver weight was not affected by dietary fiber and fat sources, and intestinal weight was higher in pectin(CP, LP) groups than in the other groups. Serum cholesterol was significantly lower in pectin(CP, LP) groups than in fiber-free(CF, LF) groups, and was higher in lard fiber-free(LF) than In the other groups(p＜0.05). Serum triglycerides was significantly lower in coix oil pectin(CP) and lignin(CL, LL) than in fiber-free(CF, LF) groups. Liver total lipid and cholesterol content was significantly lower In pectin than In lard fiber-free group, and liver triglycerides was lower in coix oil pectin(CP) than in fiber-free groups (p＜0.05). Lipid content of intestinal tissue was not affected by dietary fiber source. But total lipid and triglyceride content of intestinal tissues was significantly lower, and cholesterol content was higher in coix oil than in lard group(p＜0.05). These results indicate that pectin and lignin reduced serum cholesterol. Pectin also decreased total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride contents of liver in rats fed either coix oil-or lard-cholesterol diets whereas lignin did not affect liver lipid content.