• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2015

본 연구는 덩굴쪼김병균(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis)에 대한 저항성 멜론의 효율적인 검정법을 확립하기 위하여 수행하였다. 고령에서 채집한 덩굴쪼김병이 발생한 멜론으로부터 GR 균주를 분리하였으며, 형태학적 및 분자생물학적 동정 방법에 의해 그리고 오이, 멜론, 참외, 수박의 박과 작물에 대한 기주 특이성 조사를 통하여 GR 균주는F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis로 동정되었다. 그리고 4종 덩굴 쪼김병 race 판별품종들의 저항성 반응에 따라 GR 균주는 race 1임을 알 수 있었다. GR 균주의 접종원(소형분생포자) 대량생산을 위해서는 실험한 6종 액체배지 중 V8-juice broth에서 가장 많은 포자가 형성되었다. 시판 중인 22개의 멜론 품종과 6개 멜론 재배용 대목 품종의 GR 균주에 대한 저항성의 정도를 실험하였다. 실험한 멜론 품종 중 3개 품종을 제외한 모든 품종은 다양한 정도의 저항성을 보였다. 그리고 실험한 대목 품종들 모두에서는 덩굴쪼김병이 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 실험한 멜론 품종 중 GR 균주에 대한 저항성 반응에 차이를 보이는 6개 품종('레드퀸', '썸머쿨', '슈퍼세지', '아시아파파야', '얼룩파파야', '아시아황금')을 선발하여 멜론 생육시기, 뿌리 상처, 침지 시간, 접종원 농도 및 재배 온도 등의 발병 조건에 따른 덩굴쪼김병 발생을 조사하였다. 이들 실험의 결과로부터 멜론 품종들의 덩굴쪼김병에 대한 저항성을 검정하기 위해서는 멜론 종자를 파종하고 온실($25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$)에서 7일 동안 재배한 유묘(떡잎 시기)를 뽑아 흙을 제거하고 뿌리 자르기와 같은 상처를 내지 않고 멜론 유묘의 뿌리를 $3{\times}10^5conidia/mL$ 농도의 F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis 포자현탁액에 30분 정도 침지하여 접종하고, 이를 새로운 토양에 이식하고 $25-28^{\circ}C$에서 약 3주일 동안 재배하는 것이 가장 효율적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

Mt. Dae-Am is the branch-range of DMZ located on the $38^{\circ}7'$ N KangWon-Do in South Korea. The resources of important Herbal medicine (medicinal plants) were Phacellanthus tubiflorus (fam.: Orobanchaceae), Ostericum maximowiczii, Dendranthemum zawadskii Herbich f. latifolium, D. zawadskii subsp. acutilobum, D. var. campanulatum, Halenia corniculata (fam.: gentianaceae), Prunus mandshurica var. glabra, Acanthopanax divaricatus f. inermis. A. chiisanense, A. sessiliflorum, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Bupleurum longeradiatum, Heracleum moellendorffii sub-spp. subbipinnatum, Sanicula rubriflora, Spuriopimpinella bracycarpa f. latifolia, Angelico gigas, Artemisia montana, A. stelleriana, Paeonia japonica, Phellodendron amurense, Schizandra chinensis, Menyanthes trifoliata, and Gentiana axillariflora var. coreana, etc.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.343-346
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• 2000

Rye breeding using F$_1$ hybrid began about 30 years ago, when cytoplasmically inherited forms of male sterility (CMS) and corresponding nuclear restorers were detected. It is very important to produce inbred lines for making hybrid lines because of strong self-incompatibility in rye. Among the 456 rye germplasms used in hybrid breeding scheme, 24 lines (5.3%) had the above 60% of self-fertility, and six lines of them were selected for their good agronomic characteristics and were used for subsequent inbreeding program. The average self-fertility of selected six lines was 78.4%, ranging from 72.2 to 99.5%. Genetic analysis for the self-fertility using $F_2$ populations showed that the segregation of self-fertile and sterile plants in F$_2$populations could be fit into 3 to 1 ratio suggesting self-fertility in rye be controlled by one major gene. The four different self-fertile lines, PI237923, 5C11, 5G5 and Florida black, had the same self-fertility gene because their F$_2$ plants showed almost the same self-fertility as their parents and showed no genetic segregation.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.36-38
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• 2003

2001년 9월 경기도 성남시 분화용 브룬펠지아에서 F. oxysporum에 의한 줄기마름병이 발생하였다. 처음에는 생육이 부진하고 아래 잎부터 누렇게 변색되며, 줄기가 마르고 심한 경우 나무 전체가 말라죽는다. 병든 식물체의 줄기를 잘라보면 줄기 내부의 도관부가 갈색 내지 암갈색으로 변하는 것이 특징이었다. 병원균을 분리하여 형태적·배양적 특징을 조사한 결과 F. oxysporum으로 동정되었으며 병원성 검정 결과 자연상태와 동일한 병징을 확인할 수 있었으므로 이 병을 Fusarium oxysporum에 의한 브룬펠지아 줄기마름병으로 명명할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2008

Phytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of the aqueous or methanol extracts from the young sprouts of the six Compositae medicinal plants were determined. Aqueous leachates at 40g dry tissue $L^{-1}$ (g $L^{-1}$) Cirsium japonicum and Aster yomena showed the highest inhibitory effect on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Total phenolic content showed the highest amount in methanol extracts from Ixeris dentata, and followed by A. yomena, and Cephalonoplos segetum. Methanol extracts of C. segetum and I. dentata at 25${\mu}g$ m$L^{-1}$ exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity by 87.2, and 52.8%, respectively. By means of HPLC analysis, MeOH extracts of C. segetum had the highest amount of antioxidant chlorogenic acid. Based on MTT assay, the methanol extracts from Y. sonchifolia ($IC_{50}$ = 65.7${\mu}g$ $mL^{-1}$) showed the highest cytotoxicity against Calu-6. These results suggest that plant extracts had a dose-dependent biological potentials including phytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and anticancer activity, and that their activities exhibited differently depending on plant species.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2012

To elucidate the role of silicon in biotic stress such as pests and diseases, standard chrysanthemum was grown in pots filled with soil without application of pesticide and fungicide. Si treatment was largely composed of three groups: $K_2SiO_3$ (50, 100, and $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), three brands of silicate fertilizer (SiF1, SiF2, and SiF3) and tap water as a control. Si sources were constantly drenched into pots for 14 weeks. Application high concentration $K_2SiO_3$ ($200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) and three commercial Si fertilizers for 14 weeks improved growth parameters such as plant height and the number of leaves. In the assessment of disease after 4 weeks of Si treatment, percentage of infected leaves was not significantly different from that of control. After 14 weeks of Si treatment, however, the infected leaves were significantly reduced with a 20-50% decrease in high concentration ($200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) of potassium silicate and all commercial silicate fertilizers. Colonies of aphid insect (Macrosiphoniellas anborni) were also reduced in Si-treated chrysanthemum, showing 40-57% lower than those of control plants. Accumulation of silicon (approximately $5.4-7.1mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight) in shoots of the plants was higher in Si-supplemented chrysanthemum compared to control plants ($3.3mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight). These results indicate that using potassium silicate or silicate fertilizer may be a useful for management of disease and aphid insect in soil-cultivated chrysanthemum.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2010

Anthers of sweet pepper $F_1$ cultivar 'Special' were cultured on Dumas De Vaulx (C medium), supplemented with $0.1mgL^{-1}$ 2, 4-D and $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin with 3% sucrose, and 0.32% phytagel. The calluses obtained were further sub-cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators for regeneration. Regenerated plantlets were grown in plastic pots under plastic house and characterized their cytological and morphological characters in spring, 2008. Twenty percent plantlets were identified as haploid plants after chromosome and ploidy analysis. Haploid plants contained 12 chromosomes, high stomatal density with small stomatal length as compared to diploid plants. Stomatal length in haploids was 23.3% smaller than diploids. Haploid plants were characterized as small leaf and petiole size, poor vigor, thin stem and short plant height, short internodes and small flower buds, fruit size and fruit weight as compared to diploid plants and most of the haploid fruits were seedless. SP55, SP62, SP68, SP72 and SP77 are found high yielding double haploids with high total soluble content (8.6, 8.7, 9.2, 9.1 and $9.8^{\circ}Brix$, respectively) and desirable fruit shape, and recommended them to exploit as inbred lines for heterosis breeding.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2021

Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL race2) is one of the most important diseases of tomatoes worldwide. In the competition between tomato and FOL, the FOL can win by overcoming the immune system of tomato plants. Resistant interaction between the FOL race2 and tomato plants is controlled by avirulence genes (AVR2) in FOL and the corresponding resistance genes (I2) in tomato plants. In this study, 7 FOL isolates (KACC) were used to test their pathogenicity, and FOL race2 was selected because it is a broad problem in Korea. The Fol40044 isolates showed the most severe pathogenicity, and the avr2 gene was also isolated and identified. Moreover, to select resistance, 20 tomato varieties were inoculated with the Fol40044, and the degree of pathogenicity was evaluated by analyzing the expression of the avr2 gene. As a result, three resistant tomato varieties (PCNUF73, PCNUF101, PCNUF113) were selected, and the expression of the avr2 gene was much lower than that of the control Heinz cultivar. This result shows that the screening assay is very efficient when the avr2 gene is used as a marker to evaluate the expression level when selecting varieties resistant to tomato wilt disease. Based on these results, it is possible to isolate the I2 gene, which exhibits resistance and molecular biological interactions with the AVR2 gene from the three tomato-resistant varieties. The I2 gene provides breeders more opportunities for Fusarium disease resistance and may contribute to our understanding of their interactions with the FOL and host plant.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2010

Fusarium species, a large group of plant pathogens, potentially pose quarantine concerns worldwide. Here, we focus on the development of a method for detecting four Fusarium species in quarantined plants in Korea: F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, F. stilboides, F. redolens, and F. semitectum var. majus. Species-specific primers were designed from the nucleotide sequences of either the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1) gene or RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) gene. Two different primer sets derived from TEF1, all specific to F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, were able to differentiate the two races (1 and 2) of this species. A set of nested primers for each race was designed to confirm the PCR results. Similarly, two primer sets derived from RPB2 successfully amplified specific fragments from five F. stilboides isolates grouped within a single phylogenetic clade. A specific TEF1 primer set amplified a DNA fragment from only four of the 12 F. redolens strains examined, which were grouped within a single phylogenetic clade. All of the F. semitectum var. majus isolates could be specifically detected with a single RPB2 primer set. The specificity of the primer sets developed here was confirmed using a total of 130 Fusarium isolates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2022

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is the most serious soil-borne disease in the world and has become the main limiting factor of watermelon production. Reliable and quick detection and quantification of Fon are essential in the early stages of infection for control of watermelon Fusarium wilt. Traditional detection and identification tests are laborious and cannot efficiently quantify Fon isolates. In this work, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been described to accurately identify and quantify Fon in watermelon plants and soil. The FONRT-18 specific primer set which was designed based on identified specific sequence amplified a specific 172 bp band from Fon and no amplification from the other formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum tested. The detection limits with primers were 1.26 pg/µl genomic DNA of Fon, 0.2 pg/ng total plant DNA in inoculated plant, and 50 conidia/g soil. The PCR assay could also evaluate the relationships between the disease index and Fon DNA quantity in watermelon plants and soil. The assay was further used to estimate the Fon content in soil after disinfection with CaCN₂. The real-time PCR method is rapid, accurate and reliable for monitoring and quantification analysis of Fon in watermelon plants and soil. It can be applied to the study of disease diagnosis, plant-pathogen interactions, and effective management.