• Resources Recycling
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 1999

In order to utilize incineration fly ash of industrial wastes as resources, we present the recovery and separation of metals included in the fly ash by leaching with aqueous solution A great quantity of Cu, Pb, and Zn as well as a small amount oftoxic heavy metals are contained in the leach liquor of the fly ash, and the concentration of the ingredients of the fly ash depends on the industrial wastes which are fed into incinerators. In this paper, sequential Ieachiog operations are conducted using $H_2O$, $H_2SO_4$, $(NH_4)_2CO_3$ and NaOH as Icachants. Water soluble copper salt was leached by $H_2O$, Zn and Pb were separated by the NaOH leach liquor, and water insoluble copper was selectively leached as chelate ion with the $(NH_4)_2CO_3$ leach liquor of the third Ieaehant. Results show that the reduction percent of the fly ash in the leaching steps using $H_2O$, $H_2SO_4$, and $(NH_4)_2CO_3$ is 77%, and the other leaching procedures lose the weight of fly ash by above 60%.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.321-334
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• 1995

Basic studies for the effective extraction of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(APDC) complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) into a solvent have been performed. The maximum distribution ratio was appeared (log D=1.3543) at pH 2.0 and the partition coefficient was 2.489 in the extraction of $4{\times}10^{-5}M$ APDC itself into chloroform. From the UV/visible spectra of metal-chelates in aqueous and organic solutions, the pH to form stable 1:2 metal-ligand complexes were Co(II):5.0, Ni(II):8.0 and Cu(II):8.0, respectively and only 1 minute was enough to be partitioned into the chloroform. Besides, the partition and extraction equilibria of the complexes were investigated by back-extracting $10.0{\mu}g/ml$ metal-chelates from the solvent into an aqueous solution beacuse of their slight solubilities in the aqueous solution. The distribution coefficients and extractabilities were as follows : at pH 6.5~8.5 of the aqueous solution, log D=2.834 : E(%)=99.9% for $Co(PDC)_2$, at pH 11, log D=5.699 E%=100 for $Ni( PDC)_2$, and at pH 6.0, log D=2.025 : E(%)=99.1% for $Cu(PDC)_2$. And the extraction and formation constants were log $K_{ex}=9.671$ : log ${\beta}_2=6.938$ for $Co(PDC)_2$, log $K_{ex}=9.646$ : log ${\beta}_2=7.071$ for $Ni( PDC)_2$, and log $K_{ex}=9.074$ : log ${\beta}_2=7.049$ for $Cu(PDC)_2$, respectively. From these results, an optimum extraction procedure can be constructed for the separative concentration of trace metallic ions, and the quantitative determination of them in advanced materials and environmental samples will be expected without any influence of sample matrixes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.498-503
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• 1999

Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes with tetradentate schiff base-$NOTDH_2$, were synthesized. The structures of these complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-visible, NMR spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mole ratio of schiff base($NOTDH_2$) to the metal(II) at complexes was found to be 1:1. Cu(II) complexes were four-coordinated configuration, while Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were hexacoordinated configuration containing two water molecules and all complexes were non-ionic compounds.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.132-149
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• 2011

In ancient period, a variety of inorganic or organic pigments had been used as colorants in various kinds of religious and secular paintings such as tomb paintings and wall and scroll paintings in buddhist temples, and danchung(cosmic patterns) for the surface of wooden buildings. This study discusses the results obtained from an analysis of the pigments on the wall paintings of Yeongsanjeon(Hall of Vulture Peak) in Tongdo temple by a qualitative analysis using a field-XRF. The results can be briefly summarized as follows. Firstly, assuming from the major components examined from F-XRF analysis, raw materials of pigment of each color are: red to be Cinnabar(HgS) or Hematite($Fe_2O_3$); white to be White Lead[$2PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$] in most cases and Calcite($CaCO_3$) or Chalk($CaCO_3$), Kaolin($Al2O_3{\cdot}SiO_2{\cdot}4H_2O$) in some cases; yellow to be Yellow Ocher[$FeO(OH){\cdot}nH_2O$]; black to be carbon(C); green on the painted surface to be Celadonite[$K(Mg,Fe^{2+})(Fe^{3+},Al)(Si_4O_{10})(OH)_2$] in most cases; dark green on the halo of figures to be Malachite[$CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$], Copper Green[$2CuO{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}H_2O$] or Atacamite[$Cu_2Cl(OH)_3$]. Secondly, incarnadine and pink were made by mixing with more than two pigments such as red and white for making various tone of colors. The qualitative analysis of pigments on the wall paintings of Yeongsanjeon, in conclusion, displays that the all pigments for ancient periods are inorganis pigments. However, it has the limitation to identify a definite kinds of mineral for each pigment because it was not possible to collect samples from cultural heritage for conducting a crystalline analysis of XRD.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.66-85
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• 2002

Traditional herbal medicine is used extensively among the Korean populations, and other Asian countries employ similar therapies as well In recent years, extensive focus was laid on adulteration of the herbal medicine with heavy metals. This may be mainly due to a soil contamination by an environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to identify the contents of various heavy metals in the blood from OhJeokSan-Decoction (OD) treated-rats. For this study, 13 kinds of metals including essential and heavy metals, i.e. Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn were analyzed by a slight modification of EPA methods and the following results are obtained. ; 1. There is no significant difference between the OD-treated groups and control group in liver, kidney, bone, brain, weight, food intake. 2. The amount of each metal analyzed in the liver are as follows; Al ; $0.235{\sim}4.215mg／kg$, As ; $0.103{\sim}0.461mg／kg$, Cd ; $0.005{\sim}0.010mg／kg$, Co ; $0.017{\sim}0.046mg／kg$, Cr ; $0.137{\sim}0.403mg／kg$, Cu ; $1.736{\sim}4.827mg／kg$, Fe ; $54.472{\sim}381.447mg／kg$, Hg ; not detected, Mn ; $1.159{\sim}2.803mg／kg$, Ni ; $0.007{\sim}0.095mg／kg$, Pb ; not detected, Se ; $0.682{\sim}1.887mg／kg$, Zn ; $10.213{\sim}26.119mg／kg$, by groups, respectively. In control and other experimental group, several metal (Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, As, Cr) has a significant difference, but in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups, there are no significant difference. 3. The amount of each metal analyzed in the kidney are as follows; Al ; $1.712{\sim}31.230mg／kg$, As ; $0.062{\sim}0.439mg／kg$, Cd ; $0.010{\sim}0.062mg／kg$, Co ; $0.000{\sim}0.101mg／kg$, Cr ; $0.125{\sim}0.636mg／kg$, Cu ; $3.385{\sim}12.502mg／kg$, Fe ; $41.148{\sim}99.709mg／kg$, Hg ; $0.000{\sim}0.270mg／kg$, Mn ; $0.433{\sim}2.301mg／kg$, Ni ; $0.000{\sim}0.221mg／kg$, Pb ; $0.000{\sim}0.584mg／kg$, Se ; $0.540{\sim}1.600mg／kg$, Zn ; $8.775{\sim}17.060mg／kg$, by groups, respectively. The concentration of Cu, Se, Cr, and Hg are variated significantly in control and other experimental group, and Cu, Se, Cd, Cr are variated significantly in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups. 4. The amount of each metal analyzed in the bone(tibia and fibula) are as follows; Al ; $9.557{\sim}119.464mg／kg$, As ; $0.139{\sim}12.250mg／kg$, Cd ; $0.000{\sim}0.295mg／kg$, Co ; $0.022{\sim}0.243mg／kg$, Cr ; $0.239{\sim}1.999mg／kg$, Cu ; $0.000{\sim}2.291mg／kg$, Fe ; $240.249{\sim}841.956mg／kg$, Hg ; $0.000{\sim}0.983mg／kg$, Mn ; $0.214{\sim}7.353mg／kg$, Ni ; $5.473{\sim}11.453mg／kg$, Pb ; $0.000{\sim}8.502mg／kg$, Se ; $0.000{\sim}3.005mg／kg$, Zn ; $61.158{\sim}195.038mg／kg$, by groups, respectively. The concentration of Se, Cd are variated significantly in control and other experimental groups, and Se is variated significantly in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups. 5. Exceptionally several metal concentration is increased or decreased. but there is no significant harmful difference of metal concentration in the liver, kidney and bone, from the OD-treated-rats compared to those of the control group even if higher dosage($1{\sim}8$ times dosage of person) of OD was administered. Thus, it is expected that the herbal decoction in the traditional herbal medicine would not lay any burden on the body and the heavy metal toxins would not affect our physiological system. However, other kinds of herbal treatment, such as i.v. and i.p. should be considered in terms of metal toxicity in the body since the level of certain metal.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.35
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• pp.160-184
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• 2002

The composition analysis of mural pigments at Daeungjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple(Treasure No. 55) and ancient tomb with mural pigments in Goadong(Historic site No. 165) were carried out by XRF and MXRD. The analytical result showed that red pigments were Red Lead($Pb_3O_4$), Cinnabar(HgS) at Daeungjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple and Cinnabar(HgS) in Goadong. The main composition identified in white pigments were Lead Carbonate Hydroxide[$PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$]. Green pigments were basic copper chloride[Paratacamite $CuCl{\cdot}Cu(OH)_3$], celadonite[$K(Mg,Fe,Al)_2(Si, Al)_4O_{10}(OH)_2$] at Daeungjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple and were basic copper chloride or basic copper carbonate in Goadong. Therefore it proved that mural pigments painted in use the mineral materials.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 1993

In recovering copper from the copper converter slag, various separation methods, such as flotation, sieving and magnetic separation had been tried. The copper converter slag used in this study was prepared in two ways, i.e. 2 hour cooled and 10 hour cooled. From the flotation of copper slag, 45% Cu concentrate is obtained and the amount of copper recovery is about 93%. Before the flotation, copper in the slag could be also pre-recovered using sieving and separation. It is also found that as the content of copper in the concentrate increa-ses, that of arsenic increase, while zinc and iron contents decrease.

• Clean Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

In this study, generation process and properties of inorganic industrial waste which can be used in cement industry were investigated. The scheme of recycling to use the selected waste as raw materials, mineralizer and flux, admixture and raw materials for special cement was decided and then various experiments were carried out. The experimental results were as follows ; In the use of industrial waste as raw materials, ferrous materials could be substituted by Cu-slag, Zn-slag, electric arc furnace or convertor furnace slag etc., and a siliceous material could be substituted by sand from cast-iron industry. By-products from sugar or fertilizer industry, which has $CaF_2$ as the main component, and jarosite from Zn refinery enabled clinker phases to be formed at lower temperature by $100{\sim}150^{\circ}C$. Adding Cu slag and STS sludge in proper proportion to cement improved properties of cement. Fly ash and limestone powder as admixture had the same effect on cement. As a raw material for special cement, aluminium waste sludge could be used in making ultra early strength cement, which had the compressive strength of $300kg/cm^2$ within 2hours. And two different ashes from municipal incinerator could be raw materials of the cement which was mainly composed of $C_3S$ and $C_{11}A_7{\cdot}CaCl_2$ as clinker phases.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 2015

Malachite and Azurite are the typical copper system pigments which used the mural paintings since ancient times. The mural painting is at risk for damages of the painting layer by atmosphere gas because it is exposed at external environment. In this study, it did experiment about an effect to Malachite and Azurite by environmental pollution gas($NO_2$, $CO_2$, $SO_2$) then analysis and estimate about test for pieces using mural painting colored that two pigments. As a result, Malachite and Azurite were changed on $NO_2$ but not changed $CO_2$ and $SO_2$. Especially as the concentration of $NO_2$ is increased, exfoliation of the pigment layer weave remarkably formed pores on the pigment particles on SEM, the phenomenon to be pieces were observed together with smaller particles. In the case of Malachite that were exposed to $NO_2$ gas, new compounds(Rouaite : dicopper (nitrate(V) trihydroxide, $Cu_2(NO_3)(OH)_3$)) was appeared by XRD analysis. Therefore, there had been able to verify the fact that the cause exfoliation and discoloration phenomena accompanied by chemical changes for Malachite and Azurite.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.448-453
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• 2006

Porous Co-P catalysts electroplated on Cu in chloride based solution with an addition of $NaH_2PO_2$ and glycine were developed for hydrogen generation from alkaline $NaBH_4$ solution. The microstructures of the Co-P catalysts and their hydrogen generation properties were analyzed as a function of cathodic current density and plating time during the electrodeposition. Amorphous Co-P electrodeposits with porous structure was formed on Cu at cathodic current density of $0.05\;A/cm^2$, and showed very high hydrogen generation rate in alkaline $NaBH_4$ solution due to an increase in the surface area of the catalyst as well as the catalytic activity. The Co-P catalyst, which was obtained at cathodic current density of $0.05\;A/cm^2$ for 5 min, exhibited the best hydrogen generation rate of 2290 ml/min.g-catalyst in 1 wt. % NaOH+10 wt. % $NaBH_4$ solution at $30^{\circ}C$.