• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.513-525
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• 2009

The Buyeong gold-silver deposit consists of quartz veins that fill along the NS fault zone within Cretaceous Goseong formation. Mineralization can be divided into hypogene and supergene stages. Hypogene stage is associated with hydrothermal alteration minerals such as sericite, pyrite, chlorite, epidote and sulfides such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena and galenobismutite. Supergene stage is composed of malachite, goethite, chalcocite, and sphalerite oxide. Fluid inclusion data indicate that homogenization temperatures and salinities range from 112 to $340^{\circ}C$ and from 0.2 to 7.9 wt.% NaCl, respectively. Sulfur(3.2~3.9‰) isotope composition indicates that ore sulfur was derived from mainly magmatic source as well as partly host rocks. The calculated oxygen(4.3~6.0‰) and hydrogen(-60~-64‰) isotope compositions indicate that hydrothermal fluids may be meteoric origin with some degree of mixing of another meteoric water for paragenetic time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.277-284
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with herbal extracts of Portulaca oleracea L. (POL), on the reproductive performance, blood profiles, immune response, and fecal microbial population in multiparous sows. On the basis of initial body weight, a total of 20 multiparous sows (Landrace×Yorkshire; 229.2±1.15 kg) were randomly allotted to 2 treatment groups, each including 10 replicates. The dietary treatments were administered during the lactation period, and included a corn-soybean meal-based diet (control group) and diet supplemented with 0.05% POL. Throughout the experimental period, no significant differences were observed between the two diet groups for body weight, backfat thickness, and reproductive performance. Blood profile analysis revealed significantly decreased lymphocyte concentrations and IL-1β levels (p<0.05), and increased serum IgG levels (p=0.051), of sows consuming the POL supplemented diet. Furthermore, coliform counts tended to decrease in sows consuming diet supplemented with POL (p=0.063). Taken together, our results indicate that POL supplemented diets exert beneficial effects on blood profiles, immune response, and fecal microflora of multiparous sows, without any negative effect on the reproductive performance.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the morphology of Cephalopods distributed in Korea and collected samples from South-East Asian countries including Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and China. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using the mitochondrial gene, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) to understand the genetic divergences of the species and validate their origins. For achieving the objectives, samples were collected directly from Thailand Hat Yai, Songkhla, Indonesia Medan, Vietnam Ho Chi Minh, and Vung Tau in August 2015 and from China in September 2015. A total of 23 species of Cephalopods were identified falling under three orders, four familyies and nine genus. The species were distributed under Order: Octopoda (1 family, 3 genus, and 9 species), Order: Sepiolioda (1 family, 2 genus, and 8 species), and Order Teuthoidea (2 family, 4 genus, and 6 species). 23 species which is 1 family 3 genus 9 species in Octopoda, 1 family 2 genus 8 species in Sepiolioda, 2 family 4 genus 6 species in Teuthoidea. Phylogenetic analysis using COI gene was conducted for 18 species. For the remaining 5 species sequencing results showed severe variation and hence were not considered further. The COI phylogenetic analysis for the 18 species of Cephalopods were found consistent with the morphological identification. The excluded species will be subjected for a further detailed analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2020

In this study, organic carbon was extracted from the condensed water of food waste drying process to estimate the applicability as external organic carbon sources. The COD, TN, TP and TS of condensed water were 21,374 mg/L, 148 mg/L, 4.19 mg/L, and 455.7 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the content of biodegradable organics in condensed water was 47%. The fractional distillation and the vacuum evaporation were employed for extracting organic carbon. There were 8 extraction conditions, but 4 conditions were available for extraction. They were 1) 0mmHg, 110℃ 2) -600mmHg, 70℃ 3) -500mmHg, 80℃ 4) -600mmHg, 80℃. All 4 conditions showed the highest organic concentration and the highest quantity of organics when extracted 10% of initial volume. It was estimated that optimum conditions were 80℃, -600mmHg and 10% extraction. Then, extraction concentration, extraction quantity, extraction efficiency, extraction time, BOD/TCOD ratio, TVFAs/TCOD ratio and NH₃-N were 174,200 mg/L, 8,710 mg, 46%, 10 min, 0.97, 0.74 and 75.5 mg/L respectively. Therefore, the extracted organic carbon can be utilized as external organic carbon sources.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2011

This study was performed for development of Haetsun Bibimbam as local food and estimated nutritional value of Haetsun Bibimbam. Preference on Bibimbab materials of 503 subjects was surveyed to select ingredients of Haetsun Bibimbab except for Haetsun vegetables. As results of survey, soybean sprout, carrot, shiitake mushroom, and green pumpkin were selected as ingredients of Haetsun Bibimbab. Overall preference of Haetsun Bibimbab made by the ratio of 1:1 of selected ingredients : Haetsun vegetables and 1:1:1 of Acanthopanacis cortex : Kalopanax pictus : Aralia elata was the highest among the samples. As a results of nutritional estimation, total amount and calorie of Haetsun Bibimbab were 404 g and 463.7 kcal, respectively. It contained 16.48 g of protein. 13.99 g of fat, 75.93 g of carbohydrate and 3.1 g crude fiber. The mineral contents of Haetsun Bibimbab shows 91.11 mg of calcium, 133.91 mg of phosphorous, 2.66 mg of iron, 1.314.66 mg of sodium and 444.791 mg of potassium.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.763-770
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• 2012

The purposes of this work were to assess the cognition of the registered nurse(RN) on oral and maxillofacial emergency treatment and to compare cognition of the RN with that of the 119 emergency medical technician(EMT). 450 RNs who were working at each of secondary hospitals in Jeju province had responded to the questionnaire. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used to assess the state of RN on dental emergency treatment and to compare RN with EMT. The question 'education time on dentistry in formal education' that marked '0 hour' and '1-3 hours' were 73.3% and 20.0%, respectively. The question 'refresher training class on dentistry' that marked '0 hour' and '1-3 hours' were 92.9% and 6.7%, aggregately 99.6%. The results showed low score in the question 'reduction of temporo-mandibular joint(TMJ)'($1.67{\pm}0.857$), 'fixation of dislocated TMJ'($1.70{\pm}0.853$) and 'post-avulsed tooth treatment'($1.78{\pm}0.774$) by 5-point Likert scale. Likewise, the scores were $2.02{\pm}0.806$ in the question 'treatment of maxillofacial trauma', $2.76{\pm}1.061$ in the question 'emergent care of avulsed tooth', $2.70{\pm}1.095$ in the question 'treatment time of avulsed tooth' and $2.79{\pm}1.056$ in the question 'mouth guard', respectively. Compared to EMT, results of RN showed a statistically lower figure(p<0.05) in all items compared except the question 'medicine control', and the question 'doctor care in emergency room' was borderline(p=0.069). From this study, it is necessary for RN and student of nursing science to be educated on the oral and maxillofacial emergency treatment for the initial management of injuries. Authors suggest further co-study and nation-wide research with nursing care.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

In order to develop a novel polymer electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), styrene monomer was graft-polymerized into poly(tetrafluoroethylene perfluoropropyl vinyl ether) (PFA) film followed by a sulfonation reaction. The graft polymerization was prepared by the $\Upsilon$-ray radiation-grafting method. Subsequently, sulfonation of the radiation-grafted film was carried out in a chlorosulfonic acid/1,2-dichloroethane (2 v/v%) solution. The chemical, physical, electrochemical and morphological properties of the radiation-grafted membranes (PFA-g-PSSA) were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water uptake, ionic conductivity, and methanol permeability of the PFA-g-PSSA membrane were also measured. The cell performances of MEA prepared with the PFA-g-PSSA membranes were evaluated and the cell resistances were measured by an impedance analyzer. The MEA using PFA-g-PSSA membranes showed superior performance for DMFCs in comparison with the commercial Nafion 112 membrane.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2002

The developing of buried fiber optic sensor with high sensitivity and broad-area detecting intruders is carried out using fiber optic ROTDR(Rayleigh Optical Time Domain Reflectometry). The sensing part was designed to be able to broad-area detect intrusion effect per optical fiber length under ground. The bending light losses in optical fibers are investigated by commercial mini ROTDR with wavelength $1.55{\mu}m$, distance range 5km, pulse width 20ns, SNR=5.7. The sensing fibers are selected as the common telecommunication fibers are the 1.5mm, 3.5 mm outer diameter, 4km each length fiber products. Experiments were investigate the characteristics of signal sensitivity according to applied intrusion weight. The relation between the applied weight and the bending loss was almost linear, and broad-area detect intrusion effects are the 2m resolution and $1.3m^2$ per optical fiber length respectively. The light loss by the applied weight on fiber was 0.17 dB/kg. that the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor was sufficient to detect intruders passing over the buried optical fiber.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1321-1328
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• 2019

Intermediate-wavelength solar radiation, also known as ultraviolet B (UVB: 290-320 nm) radiation, may cause premature aging and oxidative damage-dependent skin cancer in humans. UVB-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-often a consequence of excessive exposure to these rays-could activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-1 and MMP-3. These enzymes break down type I collagen in human fibroblasts. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of ethyl acetate extract of blueberry (EEB). An antioxidant test in blueberries evaluated ROS production using CCD-986sk cells and DPPH assay. In order to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of blueberries, the MMP-1 production and type 1 procollagen synthesis evaluated and the expression of MMP 1, 3 were tested through Western blot and RT- PCR. EEB exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reduced the production of UVB-induced ROS. Also, EEB inhibited UVB-induced processes associated with photoaging and skin cancer, such as reduction in procollagen production and increase in MMP-1 production. More precisely, EEB (50 ㎍/ml) markedly suppressed mRNA and protein levels of MMP-1 and -3. The anti-aging effects are attributable to the antioxidant activity of EEB. These findings indicate that EEB has a protective effect against UVB-induced aging in human fibroblast cells by regulating the levels of type-1 procollagen, MMP-1, and MMP-3.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2017

To survey the incidence of plant-parasitic nematode in strawberry nursery, 117 soil samples were collected from main producing area of strawberry nursery plants in 2016. The incidences of two major problematic nematodes such as root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were 11% and 3%, respectively. Strawberry nurseries using upland soil either in fields or in plastic-houses showed were higher infection rates of Pratylenchus spp. or Meloidogyne spp. than others. On the other hand, a strawberry nursery using pots filled with bed soil in plastic-house was the lowest infection rate with 0%. Phylogenetic relationships and distance analysis were performed for identification of Pratylenchus spp. and Meloidogyne spp. detected from strawberry nurseries. As the results, they were identified as Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus vulnus and Meloidogyne hapla. Meanwhile, when nursery plants of strawberry infested with P. vulnus transplanted to pots filled with sterilized soil, P. vulnus was detected from soil in pots as 33% frequency. Thus, P. vulnus can be spread through nursery plants of strawberry infested with that. These studies suggested that Pratylenchus spp. and Meloidogyne spp. were ploblematic nematodes in major areas of strawberry nursery plants and P. vulnus could be spread through nursery plants of strawberry.