• Title/Summary/Keyword: $BMD^(R)$

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Association of Bone Densities with Anthropometric Indices and Lifestyles in Elderly People (노인들의 골밀도와 신체계측 및 생활습관과의 관련성 연구)

  • 손숙미;전예나
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.327-335
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    • 2002
  • This study was performed to investigate the relationships among bone mineral densities (BMD), anthropometric data and lifestyle factors in the elderly. Subjects included 138 elderly (male: 38, female: 100) aged over 65 years, who were home-(dwelling in a low-income area of Puchon City. The BMDs of the lumbar spines (LS), femoral necks (FN), Ward′s triangles (WT) and trochanters (TC) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The females showed significantly lower BMDs in four sites (p < 0.0001) . The elderly aged over 75 revealed significantly more decreased femoral BMDs than the elderly aged 65 to 74. Female with BMIs of 20 to 25, showed significantly higher BMDs in LS, FN and trochanter than those with BMIs of less than 20. However, males displayed significantly higher BMDs in only LS with increasing BMIs. THe BMDs of LS correlated with weights (r = 0.543, p < 0.001), heights (r = 0.477, p < 0.001), upper arm circumferences (r=0.368, p < 0.01), waist circumferences (r=0.367, p < 0.001), subscapular skinfold thicknesses (r=0.363, p < 0.001) and flip circumferences (r=0.231, p < 0.01). Non-smokers and non-drinkers shelved significantly higher BMDs in trochanters only in the case of the males. Female milk-drinkers showed significantly elevated LS BMDs. Eighteen percent of the males were assessed as having osteoporosis, as compared to fifty percent of the females. Ninety-three percent of the females and 81.6% of the males responded that they often or always had "difficulty in standing for a long time".

Establishment of a Murine Model for Radiation-induced Bone Loss in Growing C3H/HeN Mice (성장기 마우스에서 방사선 유도 골소실 동물모델 확립)

  • Jang, Jong-Sik;Moon, Changjong;Kim, Jong-Choon;Bae, Chun-Sik;Kang, Seong-Soo;Jung, Uhee;Jo, Sung-Kee;Kim, Sung-Ho
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2015
  • Bone changes are common sequela of irradiation in growing animal. The purpose of this study was to establish an experimental model of radiation-induced bone loss in growing mice using micro-computed tomography (${\mu}CT$). The extent of changes following 2 Gy gamma irradiation ($2Gy{\cdot}min^{-1}$) was studied at 4, 8 or 12 weeks after exposure. Mice that received 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 Gy of gamma-rays were examined 8 weeks after irradiation. Tibiae were analyzed using ${\mu}CT$. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and biomechanical properties were measured and the osteoclast surface was examined. A significant loss of trabecular bone in tibiae was evident 8 weeks after exposure. Measurements performed after irradiation showed a dose-related decrease in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD), respectively. The best-fitting dose-response curves were linear-quadratic. Taking the controls into accounts, the lines of best fit were as follows: BV/TV (%) = $0.9584D^2-6.0168D+20.377$ ($r^2$ = 0.946, D = dose in Gy) and BMD ($mg{\cdot}cm^{-3}$) = $8.8115D^2-56.197D+194.41$ ($r^2$ = 0.999, D = dose in Gy). Body weight did not differ among the groups. No dose-dependent differences were apparent among the groups with regard to mechanical and anatomical properties of tibia, serum ALP and osteoclast activity. The findings provide the basis required for better understanding of the results that will be obtained in any further studies of radiation-induced bone responses.

Bioavailability and Digestibility of Organic Calcium Sources by Bone Health Index (뼈건강 지표를 이용한 유기태 칼슘 급원의 생체이용성 및 소화율)

  • Han, Jeong-Ho;Kim, Eun-Mi;Cheong, Man-Ki;Chee, Sung-Kew;Chee, Kew-Mahn
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.12-25
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the bioavailabilities and the digestibilities of oligopeptide chelated (peptide-Ca), anchovy bone (anchovy-Ca) and methionine hydroxyl analogue (MHA-Ca) calcium compared to those of calcium carbonate in rats. In exp1, $CaCO_3$, were added to the basal diet at level of 0, 30 and 60% calcium of the AIN-93G diet. In test groups, peptide-Ca, anchovy-Ca and MHA-Ca, were added to the basal diet to provide calcium at the level of 40% of AIN-93G. In exp1, the bioavailabilities were evaluated from the regression equation of the ratios of theological/ actual calcium intakes of each dietary treatment. In exp2, urine and feces was to evaluate the true- and apparent digestibility and apparent retention. In exp1, Ca-60% group had higher bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone breaking strength (BBS) than those of the other standard groups. The bone weight and ash content of the peptide-Ca and anchovy-Ca groups were significantly higher than those of the MHA-Ca. Bone calcium content were not significantly different from the test group. The bioavailability of the MHA-Ca group was shown higher BMD (71%), BS (38%) and BBS (27%) compared to another control group. But the regression coefficient for BMD, BS and BBS were lower compare with that of bone ash and BMC. In exp2, the true- and apparent digestibility of test groups were shown to over 90%. Peptide-Ca was not significantly different from other test group, but digestibility and retention were higher compare to other test groups. In conclusion, peptide-Ca, anchovy-Ca and MHA-Ca improved Ca bioavailability in the rats. The compounds were higher Ca digestibility compared with those of $CaCO_3$. It is assumed that difference of digestibility for test groups may be correlated to the bioavailability of test groups in BMD, BMC, BS, BBS and bone ash respectively.

The validation of Periotest values for the evaluation of orthodontic mini-implants' stability (즉시 부하 교정용 미니임플랜트의 안정성 평가를 위한 Periotest$^{(R)}$의 유효성)

  • Cha, Jung-Yul;Yu, Hyung-Seog;Hwang, Chung-Ju
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.167-175
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    • 2010
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the Periotest values for the prediction of orthodontic mini-implants' stability. Methods: Sixty orthodontic mini-implants (7.0 mm $\times$ $\emptyset1.45$ mm; ACR, Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea) were inserted into the buccal alveolar bone of 5 twelve month-old beagle dogs. Insertion torque (IT) and Periotest values (PTV) were measured at the installation procedure, and removal torque (RT) and PTV were recorded after 12 weeks of orthodontic loading. To correlate PTV with variables, the cortical bone thickness (mm) and bone mineral density (BMD) within the cortical bone and total bone area were calculated with the help of CT scanning. Results: The BMD and cortical bone thickness in mandibular alveolus were significantly higher than those of the maxilla (p < 0.05). The PTV values ranged from -3.2 to 4.8 for 12 weeks of loading showing clinically stable mini-implants. PTV at insertion was significantly correlated with IT (-0.51), bone density (-0.48), cortical bone thickness (-0.42) (p < 0.05) in the mandible, but showed no correlation in the maxilla. PTV before removal was significantly correlated with RT (-0.66) (p < 0.01) in the mandible. Conclusions: These results show that the periotest is a useful method for the evaluation of mini-implant stability, but it can only be applied to limited areas with thick cortical and high density bone such as the mandible.

Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (만성폐쇄성폐질환에서의 골다공증에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Seong-Ja;Lee, Young-Hyun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.90-96
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    • 1999
  • Background : Osteoporosis has been reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but this association is not well established. This study was undertaken to determine whether the prevalence of osteoporosis was increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and we examined the relationship of corticosteroid administration with osteoporosis. Method: Subjects were 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 20 control patients. We reviewed hospital records and measured bone mineral density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(Lunar. USA). Results: Mean bone mineral density(BMD) of spine in COPD group was $0.683{\pm}0.154 g/cm^2$ and $0.971{\pm}0.212g/cm^2$ in controls(p<0.01). But there was no significant difference in femoral neck BMD. There were seventeen cases of osteoporosis and six cases of osteopenia in COPD group and three patients of osteoporosis and one case of osteopenia in controls. But, there was no significant correlation between disease duration of COPD and spinal T score(r=-0.395, p>0.05). Ten patients were received corticosteroid in COPD group. Spinal T score in steroid receiving patients were $-3.82{\pm}0.94(SD)$ and $-2.82{\pm}0.97(SD)$ in not having steroid patients(p<0.01). Cumulative dose of corticosteroid was associated with spinal T score(r=-0.424, p<0.05) and duration of corticosteroid administration also associated with spinal T score(r=-0.457. p<0.05). Spinal BMD of patients not having corticosteroid in COPD group(n=13) were significantly lower than that of controls($0.71{\pm}0.13 g/cm^2$ and $0.97{\pm}0.21 g/cm^2$, p<0.01). Conclusion : Prevalence of osteoporosis is increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Especially patients who are receiving corticosteroid have high risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia and need for preventive management.

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The Effects of a Mineral Supplement (Aquamin $F^{(R)}$) and Its Combination with Multi-Species Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) on Bone Accretion in an Ovariectomized Rat Model

  • Lee, Hyun-Gi;Lee, Tae-Hee;Kim, Jung-Ha;Seok, Ju-Won;Lee, Seung-Hoon;Kim, Yong-Hwan;Kim, Jin-Eung;Chung, Myung-Jun;Yeo, Moon-Hwan
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.213-220
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    • 2010
  • Although an adequete intake of calcium (Ca) is recommended for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, the intake of Ca should be restricted because of its low rate of intestinal absorption. The purpose of this experiment was to identity the effect of the combined administration of Aquamin F (AQF) (a calcium agent) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on osteoporosis. Thirty ovariectomized (OVX) rats and six control rats were assigned to the following six groups, with six animals per group: sham Ca-deficient diet (Ca-D), OVX, LAB, AQF, and LAB-AQF. During the experiment, the body weight was measured; and after the experiment was completed, the serum biochemical analysis, the alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus leves were measured. The tissue of the femur was stained and then scanned via CT. The body weight of the OVX group increased more significantly than that of the control group. The results of the bone mineral content (BMC), Bone mineral density (BMD), serum biochemical analysis and histological test on the femur epiphysis showed no difference between the OVX group and the LAB group, whereas the results of the AQF group were more significant than those of the OVX group. In particular, the LAB+AQF group showed more significant increases in the aforementioned results than the AQF group. This experiment showed that the combined administration of AQF and LAB in ovariectomized rats more significantly increased bone density than did a single administration of either AQF or LAB.

Effects on osteoporosis of Senescence Accelerated Mice (SAM) P6 by Injection of Placenta extracts ($Beuronel^{(R)}$) (SAM p6 mouse에서 자하거 주사제의 골다공증 개선에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Mi-Jung;Yum, Do-Young;Koo, Bon-Taq;Ma, Jin-Yeul;Shin, Hyun-Kyu;Lee, Mi-Young;Shin, Dong-Won;Park, Jong-Cheol;Yu, Young-Beob
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.77-83
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    • 2007
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Hominis placenta extracts on improvement of senile osteoporosis (Type 2) in SAM P6. In traditional Oriental medicine, Placenta (Jahageo) is indicated for insufficiency of blood and tidal fever due to steaming bone disorder. Methods : At 10 weeks after birth, Placenta ex. was given 100 mL, 200 ml/kg/day, i.p. 3 times a week for 4 weeks in SAM P6 mice. And then we measured complete blood cells, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, inorganic phosphate and total iron. In addition, we tested bone mineral density (BMD) using the soft X-ray. Results : As a result, in SAM P6, injection of Placenta ex. (200 mL) increased in RBC, HB and PLT, in comparison with control group. It was also found that the inorganic phosphate levels increased significantly in the injection groups of the Placenta ex. from that of the control group, but blood urea nitrogen was no significant. Moreover, Placenta ex. were showed a trend of increase in bone mineral density (BMD) of the vertebrae lumbales and tibia in P6 mice. Conclusions : These findings suggest that Placenta ex. are effective in preventing bone loss in SAMP6.

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Analysis of correlation between the inspiratory capacity of the National softball players and the bone density, bon mass, muscle power, muscle endurance (국가대표 소프트볼선수들의 흡기능력과 골밀도 및 골 질량 그리고 체간의 근력 및 근지구력의 상관관계 분석)

  • Kim, Hyun Chul;Park, Ki Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 2020
  • PURPOSE: A prospective study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the inspiration ability, bone mineral density, lumbar muscle strength, and muscular endurance for the national softball athletes in the national training center. METHODS: The general characteristics of study subjects, inspiration ability, bone mineral density, muscle strength, and muscular endurance data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. In addition, the Pearson product moment correlation was performed to investigate the correlation between the inspiratory capacity, bone mineral density, muscle strength, and muscular endurance. RESULTS: The inspiration, flow rates, and volume were not correlated with the bone mass and bone mineral density. Inspiration and the flow rates and volume were not correlated with the bone mass and bone mineral density. On the other hand, inspiration was correlated with the Extensor muscles (r=.464, p=.006) at an angular velocity of 60°/s and the flexors (r=.463, p=.006) and extensor muscles (r=.615, p<.001) at an angular velocity of 180°/s. The flow rate was also correlated with the extensor muscles (r=.444, p=.009) at an angular velocity of 60°/s and with flexor muscles (r=.432, p=.011) and extensor muscles (r=.589, p<.001) at an angular velocity of 180°/s. Finally, the volume was correlated at the extensor muscles at an angular velocity of 180°/s (r=.534, p=.001). CONCLUSION: The correlation between the inspiratory capacity, bone mineral density, muscle strength, and muscular endurance of softball athletes did not correlate with the bone mass and bone density. On the other hand, the lumbar muscle strength increased with increasing inspiratory capacity.

The Correlation Analysis and Correction factor of BMD in Forearm and Lumbar with DXA (DXA를 이용한 전완부와 요추부 골밀도 검사의 보정계수 및 상관관계 연구)

  • Han, Man-Seok
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.11 no.12
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    • pp.551-556
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    • 2013
  • The Forearm and the lumbar spine bone mineral density bone mineral density values obtained through, T-score and Z-score correlation between numerical and calibration function obtained as a result of any one part to another part of the results is intended to infer. Groups of 66 patients, 11 patients by age 20-70 were composed of patients measured with the forearm and lumbar spine bone mineral density T-score and Z-score of the survey for each of the three factors that correlated to assess the correlation Find the correction factor to obtain the relationship. Bone mineral density of the correlation coefficient R = 0.769 correction factor is Y = 1.541X + 0.133. T-score of correlation coefficient R = 0.768 and the correction factor Y = 0.715X - 0.4 is Z-score of the correlation coefficient R = 0.635 correction factor Y = 0.751X - 0.162. It is regarded that there will be a clinical availability which can analogize the result of a part by using the result of the other part.

A Study of Equipment Accuracy and Test Precision in Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (골밀도검사의 올바른 질 관리에 따른 임상적용과 해석 -이중 에너지 방사선 흡수법을 중심으로-)

  • Dong, Kyung-Rae;Kim, Ho-Sung;Jung, Woon-Kwan
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : Because there is a difference depending on the environment as for an inspection equipment the important part of bone density scan and the precision/accuracy of a tester, the management of quality must be made systematically. The equipment failure caused by overload effect due to the aged equipment and the increase of a patient was made frequently. Thus, the replacement of equipment and additional purchases of new bonedensity equipment caused a compatibility problem in tracking patients. This study wants to know whether the clinical changes of patient's bonedensity can be accurately and precisely reflected when used it compatiblly like the existing equipment after equipment replacement and expansion. Materials and methods : Two equipments of GE Lunar Prodigy Advance(P1 and P2) and the Phantom HOLOGIC Spine Road(HSP) were used to measure equipment precision. Each device scans 20 times so that precision data was acquired from the phantom(Group 1). The precision of a tester was measured by shooting twice the same patient, every 15 members from each of the target equipment in 120 women(average age 48.78, 20-60 years old)(Group 2). In addition, the measurement of the precision of a tester and the cross-calibration data were made by scanning 20 times in each of the equipment using HSP, based on the data obtained from the management of quality using phantom(ASP) every morning (Group 3). The same patient was shot only once in one equipment alternately to make the measurement of the precision of a tester and the cross-calibration data in 120 women(average age 48.78, 20-60 years old)(Group 4). Results : It is steady equipment according to daily Q.C Data with $0.996\;g/cm^2$, change value(%CV) 0.08. The mean${\pm}$SD and a %CV price are ALP in Group 1(P1 : $1.064{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, $%CV=0.190\;g/cm^2$, P2 : $1.061{\pm}0.003\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.192). The mean${\pm}$SD and a %CV price are P1 : $1.187{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, $%CV=0.164\;g/cm^2$, P2 : $1.198{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.163 in Group 2. The average error${\pm}$2SD and %CV are P1 - (spine: $0.001{\pm}0.03\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.94, Femur: $0.001{\pm}0.019\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.96), P2 - (spine: $0.002{\pm}0.018\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.55, Femur: $0.001{\pm}0.013\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.48) in Group 3. The average error${\pm}2SD$, %CV, and r value was spine : $0.006{\pm}0.024\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.86, r=0.995, Femur: $0{\pm}0.014\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.54, r=0.998 in Group 4. Conclusion: Both LUNAR ASP CV% and HOLOGIC Spine Phantom are included in the normal range of error of ${\pm}2%$ defined in ISCD. BMD measurement keeps a relatively constant value, so showing excellent repeatability. The Phantom has homogeneous characteristics, but it has limitations to reflect the clinical part including variations in patient's body weight or body fat. As a result, it is believed that quality control using Phantom will be useful to check mis-calibration of the equipment used. A value measured a patient two times with one equipment, and that of double-crossed two equipment are all included within 2SD Value in the Bland - Altman Graph compared results of Group 3 with Group 4. The r value of 0.99 or higher in Linear regression analysis(Regression Analysis) indicated high precision and correlation. Therefore, it revealed that two compatible equipment did not affect in tracking the patients. Regular testing equipment and capabilities of a tester, then appropriate calibration will have to be achieved in order to calculate confidential BMD.

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