• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.92-94
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• 2003

In superconductive digital logic circuits, D2 cells can be used to compose a decoder an important component of an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). In this wor, we simulated D2 cell by using WRspice. D2 cell has one input, one switch input, and two outputs (output1 and output2). D2 cell functions in such way that output1 follows the input and output2 is the complement of the input data, when the switch input is "0, ". However, when there is a switch input "1, " the opposite output signals are generated. In this paper, we optimized a D2 cell by using WRspice, and obtained the minimum margin of 26%. Our optimized D2 cell will play a key role in the ALU fabrication.the ALU fabrication.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.123-126
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• 2003

RSFQ (Rapid Single Flux Quantum) circuits are used in many practical applications. RSFQ DFFC (Delay Flip-Flop with complementary outputs) circuits can be used in a RAM, an ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), a microprocessor, and many communication devices. A DFFC circuit has one input, one switch input, and two outputs (output l and output 2). DFFC circuit functions in such way that output 1 follows the input and output 2 is the complement of the input when the switch input is "0." However, when there is a switch input "1."the opposite output signals are generated. In this work, we have designed an RSFQ DFFC circuit based on 1 ㎄/$\textrm{cm}^2$ niobium trilayer technology. As circuit design tools, we used Xic, WRspice, and Lmeter After circuit optimization, we could obtain the bias current margins of the DFFC circuit to be above 32％.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.551-557
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• 2004

Polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene which plays an important role in regulation of lipid deposition was analysed in two red seabream (pagrus major) populations (KF4, cultured KORDI line, n=100 : JPN, imported from Japan, n=100). We amplified a DNA fragment (1,091 bp) including the exon 2 region of the LPL gene, and conducted PCR-RFLP analysis using MspI and AluI. The PCR products were also sequenced. Two alleles (A and B) were found in MspI digestion and Sve alleles (A, B, C, D and E) in AluI digestion. The sequenced data revealed four nucleotide substitutions including one transversion at the MspI recognition site (nt 2,235, $C{\rightarrow}10$) and three transitions at the AluI recognition sites (nt 1,721, $A{\rightarrow}G;$ nt 2,319, $C{\rightarrow}T;$ nt 2,319, $T{\rightarrow}C$). Among them, substitutions at the nt 2,235 and 2,319 sites which are located in the exon 2 were proved to be silent point mutations. MspI polymorphism resulted in 3 genotypes, and the allele frequency was significantly different between the two fish populations, KF4 and JPN. In the case of AluI polymorphism, the 5 alleles (A, B, C, D, E) comprised 12 genotypes of the 5 alleles. KF4 population, alleles D and I were specific to the LPL gene Polymorphisms would be useful DNA markers for red seabream population.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 1998

A pair of designed primers (sequences from Gene Bank) amplified 16S fRNA gene of V. vulnificus within polymerase chain reaction (PCR) machine. This PCR product is about 1.3kb DNA fragment. Six enzymes (BamH I, Alu I, Sau3A I, Hind III, Sal I, Sma I) were used for restriction pattern analysis of amplified 16S rRNA gene of V. vulnificus ATCC 27562. Digested fragments are resolved by 3% agarose gel. BamH I did not show digested fragment so, there was no cutting site of BamH I in PCR product. Alu I produced three small fragments from 400 bp to 200 bp. Sau3A I produced three fragments larger than Alu I from 70 bp and 500 bp. One of fragments of Sal I was same with 500 bp of Hind III fragment and the other was 750 bp. Sma I showed two fragments of 800 bp and 470 bp. The profile of digested fragments of 16S rRNA of V.vulnificus ATCC 27562 will may be able to use standard profile for identification of V. vulnificus.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.8.1-8.7
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• 2012

The motor neuron degeneration 2 (mnd2) mice carry a point mutation of A to T nucleotide transversion at the serine 276 residue of high temperature requirement A2 (HtrA2), resulting in losses of an AluI restriction enzyme site (5'AGCT3') and the HtrA2 serine protease activity. Moreover, dysfunctions of HtrA2 are known to be intimately associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Thus, this mnd2 mouse is an invaluable model for understanding the physiological role of HtrA2 and its pathological role in neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, many molecular and cellular biologists in this field have limited experience in working with mutant mouse models due to the necessity of acquired years of the special techniques and knowledges. Herein, using the mnd2 mouse model as an example, we describe easy-to-use standard protocols for web-based analyses of target genes, such as HtrA2, and a novel approach for simple and accurate PCR-AluI-RFLP-based genotype analysis of mnd2 mice. In addition, band resolution of AluI-RFLP fragments was improved in 12% polyacrylamide gel running in 1X Tris-Glycine SDS buffer. Our study indicates that this PCR-AluI-RFLP genotype analysis method can be easily applied by the molecular and cellular biologist to conduct biomedical science studies using the other mutant mouse models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2003

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)은 지방축적과 대사에 있어 중요한 효소로서 지방조직과 근육 내로의 지방산 유입을 조절하며, 여러 조직에서 합성되고, 조직 특이적인 방법으로 동물의 생리상태, 영양상태 및 발달단계에 따라 유전자 발현이 조절되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 어류의 체지방 축적과 대사과정을 이해하고 성장 및 경제형질 관련 DNA marker를 확보하기 위한 1차적인 연구로서, 한국산 선발계통 및 일본산 양식계통과 이들 두 계통간 잡종 참돔 집단을 이용하여 LPL 유전자 내의 다형성을 탐색하고 분석하였다. PCR-RFLP 분석을 실시하여 참돔 LPL 유전자 exon 2번을 포함하는 영역에서 3개의 (Msp I, Alu I 및 Hsp92II) 다형성을 확인하였고, 각 집단간 대립유전자의 빈도를 분석하였다. Exon 2번에서 관찰된 Msp I 다형성은 염기치환 (C$\longrightarrow$G)이 일어난 형태로서 아미노산 서열에는 변화가 없는 silent mutation 이었으며, 대립유전자의 빈도를 분석한 결과, 각 집단간 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. Alu I 및 Hsp92II 다형성은 intron 영역에서 발견되었으며, Alu I 다형성으로 인한 4개의 대립유전자형 중 D 대립유전자는 한국산 선발 계통과 한국산 선발계통을 포함하는 교배집단에서만 검출되었다. 이 후의 연구에서는 참돔 LPL 유전자의 exon 영역에 존재하는 다형성을 탐색하고, 형질과의 연관성 및 지방축적 기능과의 관련성 등을 분석하고자 한다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2020

Brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA (BC200 RNA) is proposed to act as a local translational modulator by inhibiting translation after being targeted to neuronal dendrites. However, the mechanism by which BC200 RNA inhibits translation is not fully understood. Although a detailed functional analysis of RNA motifs is essential for understanding the BC200 RNA-mediated translation-inhibition mechanism, there is little relevant research on the subject. Here, we performed a systematic domain-dissection analysis of BC200 RNA to identify functional RNA motifs responsible for its translational-inhibition activity. Various RNA variants were assayed for their ability to inhibit translation of luciferase mRNA in vitro. We found that the 111-200-nucleotide region consisting of part of the Alu domain as well as the A/C-rich domain (consisting of both the A-rich and C-rich domains) is most effective for translation inhibition. Surprisingly, we also found that individual A-rich, A/C-rich, and Alu domains can enhance translation but at different levels for each domain, and that these enhancing effects manifest as cap-dependent translation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.197-212
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• 1990

This paper present a new design concept of a single chip 16-bit data path using the concept of modular design, the whole system is divided into several blocks which can be operated as an independent system itself. Making the internal blocks can act as a subsystem, it is possible to shorten design turn-around time, to be redesigned effectively, and to optimize the system performance. The designed system is data path. The data path is to manipulate 16-bit integer data. It is composed of aritmetic logic unit, register file, barrel shifter and bus circuit. The widths and lengths of gate in the circuit were determined using SPICE2. The results of circuit simulation were in good agreement with expected circuit characteristics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1328-1332
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• 2009

Anisakidosis is caused by anisakid nematodes (family Anisakidae) larvae which can cause not only direct tissue damage but also a severe allergic response related to excretory-secretion products. Lots of different species of anisakid larvae, including Anisakis simplex, Contracaecum, Goezia, Pseudoterranova, and Hysterothylacium, cause the anisakidosis. But it is difficult to diagnosis the species of larvae since the morphologies of larval anisakid nematodes are almost indistinguishable. In order to diagnosis the differential infections of larval anisakid nematodes, polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of 18S rDNA - was conducted. Three major species of anisakid larvae including A. simplex, C.ontracaecum spp, and Goezia spp. were collected from mackerel (Scomber japonicus), mullet (Mugil cephalus), founder (Paralichthys olivaceus), eel (Astroconger myriaster) and red sea bream (Pagrus major). PCR amplified 18S rDNA from each species of anisakid larvae was digested with eight restriction enzymes including Taq I, Hinf I, Hha I, Alu I, Dde I, Hae III, Sau96 I, and Sau3A I. The original sizes of PCR amplified 18S rDNA were 2.0Kb in both anisakid larvaes and Goezia. Restrction enzymes including Hinf 1, Alu 1, Hha I, Dde 1 and Hae III cut differently and distinguished the A. simplex and Contracaecum type C'. However, Contracaecum type A showed two different restriction enzyme cutting patterns by Taq 1, Hinf I, Alu 1, and Dde 1. One of the patterns was the same as those of A. simplex, Contracaecum type C' and Goezia and the other was unique. These results suggest that PCR-RFLP pattern by Hinf 1, Alu 1, Hae I, Dde 1 and Hae III can be applied to differential diagnosis of human infection with A. simplex and Contracaecum type C'. Contracaecum type A needs further study of classification by morphological characteristics and genetic analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1215-1224
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• 2017

Until now, various oncogenic pathways were idenfied. The accumulation of DNA mutation induces genomic instability in the cell, and it makes cancer. The development of bioinformatics and genomics, to find the precise and reliable biomarker is available. This biomarker could be applied the early-dignosis, prediction and convalescence of cancer. Recently, Transposable elements (TEs) have been attracted as the regulator of genes, because they occupy a half of human genome, and the cause of various diseases. TEs induce DNA mutation, as well as the regulation of gene expression, that makes to cancer development. So, we confirmed the relationship between TEs and colon cancer, and provided the clue for colon cancer biomarker. First, we confirmed long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), Alu, and long terminal repeats (LTRs) and their relationship to colon cancer. Because these elements have large composition and enormous effect to the human genome. Interestingly, colon cancer specific patterns were detected, such as the hypomethylation of LINE-1, LINE-1 insertion in the APC gene, hypo- or hypermethylation of Alu, and isoform derived from LTR insertion. Moreover, hypomethylation of LINE-1 in proto-oncogene is used as the biomarker of colon cancer metastasis, and MLH1 mutation induced by Alu is detected in familial or hereditary colon cancer. The genes, effected by TEs, were analyzed their expression patterns by in silico analysis. Then, we provided tissue- and gender-specific expression patterns. This information can provide reliable cancer biomarker, and apply to prediction and diagnosis of colon cancer.