• 제목/요약/키워드: $5-HT_{1A}$

검색결과 602건 처리시간 0.026초

Eye safety 라이다 센서용 황화납 양자점 기반 SWIR photodetector 개발 (Shortwave Infrared Photodetector based on PbS Quantum Dots for Eye-Safety Lidar Sensors)

  • 최수지;권진범;하윤태;정대웅
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.285-289
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    • 2023
  • Recently, the demand for lidar systems for autonomous driving is increasing, and research on Shortwave Infrared(SWIR) photodetectors for this purpose is being actively conducted. Most SWIR photodetectors currently being developed are based on InGaAs, and have the disadvantages of complex processes, high prices, and limitations in research due to monopoly. In addition, current SWIR photodetectors use lasers in the 905 nm wavelength band, which can pass through the pupil and cause damage to the retina. Therefore, it is required to develop a SWIR photodetector using a wavelength band of 1400 nm or more to be safe for human eyes, and to develop a material that can replace the proprietary InGaAs. PbS QDs are group 4-6 compound semiconductors whose absorption wavelength band can be adjusted from 1000 to 2700 nm, and have the advantage of being simple to process. Therefore, in this study, PbS QDs having an absorption wavelength peak of 1415 nm were synthesized, and a SWIR photodetector was fabricated using this. In addition, the photodetector's responsivity was improved by applying P3HT and ZnO NPs to improve electron hole mobility. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the synthesized PbS QDs had excellent FWHM characteristics compared to commercial PbS QDs, and it was confirmed that the photodetector had a maximum current change of about 1.6 times.

Electroanalytical Measurement of TEDA (Triethylenediamine) in the Masks of War

  • Ariani, Zahra;Honarmand, Ebrahim;Mostaanzadeh, Hossein;Motaghedifard, Mohammadhassan;Behpour, Mohsen
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, for the first time, the electroanalytical study of Triethylenediamine, TEDA was done on a typically graphene modified carbon paste electrode (Gr/CPE) in pH=10.5 of phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). The surface morphology of the bare and modified electrodes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electro-oxidation of TEDA was investigated at the surface of modified electrode. The results revealed that the oxidation peak current of TEDA at the surface of Gr/CPE is 2.70 times than that shown at bare-CPE. A linear calibration plot was observed in the range of 1.0 to 202.0 ppm. In this way, the detection limit was found to be 0.18 ppm. The method was then successfully applied to determination of TEDA in aqueous samples obtained from two kinds of activated carbon from the masks of war. On the other hand, density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory and a conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) was used to calculate the $pK_a$ values of TEDA. The energies of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ($E_{LUMO}$) and highest occupied molecular orbital ($E_{HOMO}$), gap energy (${\Delta}E$) and some thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy of TEDA and its conjugate acid ($HT^+$) were calculated. The results of calculated $pK_a$ were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.

반신마비 뇌졸중 환자의 심리와 정서적 재활에 대한 원예작업치료 효과 (Effects of Horticultural Occupational Therapy on the Physical and Psychological Rehabilitation of Patients with Hemiplegia after Stroke)

  • 김미영;김귀순;;김완순
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.884-890
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    • 2010
  • 반신마비 뇌졸중 환자의 심리적 정서적 재활에 대한 원예작업치료의 효과를 확인하고자 40명의 반신마비 뇌졸중 환자 가운데 20명을 대상으로 원예치료와 작업치료를 시행하였다(치료군). 나머지 20명을 대상으로 작업치료만을 실시하였다(대조군). 원예치료 프로그램은 다양한 실내원예활동으로 구성되었으며 1주일을 기본으로 4주 단위로 3단계 즉 3개월 동안 실시하였다. 선정된 원예작업은 동기유발, 적응, 사회성, 관계와 소통의 4개의 단위로 구성되었다. 원예작업치료의 효과 분석을 위해 손기능척도(GPT), 노인우울척도(GDS), 일상생활동작검사(FIM)를 실시하였다. 그 결과 대조군과 달리 원예작업 치료를 받은 처리군에서 재활 효과가 우수하였으며 GPT, GDS, FIM 모두 통계적으로 고도로 유의한 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 원예작업치료를 통해 환자들의 재활치료에 대한 동기부여는 물론 FIM의 하부요소인 의사소통, 사회인지도, 자기보호 항목도 크게 향상되었다. 본 연구를 통해 원예작업치료가 반신마비 뇌졸중 환자에 대한 작업치료 프로그램으로 활용될 수 있다는 것을 확인 가능하였다.

Effect of surface finishing treatments on the color stability of CAD/CAM materials

  • Ozen, Funda;Demirkol, Nermin;Oz, Ozge Parlar
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.150-156
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    • 2020
  • PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface finishing processes on the color stabilities of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics, and resin nanoceramics after artificial ageing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 216 samples were prepared from 3 different CAD/CAM materials (LAVA Ultimate, IPS e.max CAD, VITA Suprinity) with A1 HT color at a size of 14 × 12 mm and a thickness of 0.5 ± 0.05 mm. Color measurements of the samples were performed with a spectrophotometer using color parameters and CIE Lab color system on a gray backing between baseline color and after 5000 cycles of artificial ageing in 4 stages (i.e. the first measurement before the treatment, the second measurement after polishing, the third measurement after cement application, and the fourth measurement after artificial ageing). The results were evaluated using the Variance analysis and Fisher's LSD test. RESULTS. Resin nanoceramics (LU) exhibited higher color change values than zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (VS) and lithium disilicate (EC) ceramics after artificial ageing. Manual polishing and glazing resulted in similar color change for LU and VS (P>.05). In the EC group, glazing provided statistically different results as compared to the manual polishing and control groups (P<.05). Among the ceramic groups, color change values of the subgroup, which was treated by glazing, of the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (VS) and lithium disilicate (EC) samples were below the clinically acceptable level (ΔE < 3.5). CONCLUSION. The lowest color change for all stages was observed in Vita Suprinity.

임업(林業)에서의 순수작업시간(純粹作業時間)과 임목형상조건(林木形狀條件)과의 관계연구(關係硏究) (A Study on the Relation between Working Time and Tree Formal Characteristics)

  • 강건우
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제78권4호
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    • pp.381-395
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    • 1989
  • 본 연구는 임업 경영에 있어서, 그 중에서도 특히 간벌 작업에서 순수 작업시간과 임목의 형상 조건과의 관계를 구명함으로써 임금표나 공정표에 대한 과학적인 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 시험 대상지와 수종은 경남 양산에서 참나무 460본, 강원도 봉평에서 낙엽송 372본과 적송 232본, 전북진안에서 리기다 소나무 240본을 선정하였으며, 회귀식에 의한 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수종별 임목의 형상 조건인 5개의 독립 변수는 순수 작업 시간을 산출하는데 있어 작업원별로 동일 조건임을 확인하였다. 2. 임목의 형상 조건간의 서로 상관관계를 구명, 유의성을 확인하였으며, 결과적으로 순수 작업시간(WT)은 흉고직경(DBH)과 전체 가지수(NOB)로부터 가장 크게 영향을 받았다. 3. 변수의 수에 따른 결정계수(Rp)와 잔차평균제곱(MSEp)을 비교하여 최적회귀식을 수종별로 산출하였으며 여기에서 모든 수종으로부터 흉고직경(DBH)과 가지수(NOB)가 조합된 $WT=a+b1{\times}NOB+b2{\times}DBF$의 식이 유도 되었다. 4. 간벌 작업에서 걸림시간(Hang-up time)을 산출해보면 전체 작업 사간에 대하여 참나무가 평균 66%, 낙엽송 74%, 적송55% 그리고 리기다 소나무가 52%를 나타났다. 5. 수종별 휴고직경(DBH)과 가지수(NOB) 2변수로 부터의 최적 회귀 방정식에 작업 시간표를 작성하였으며, 6. 여기에서 전체 작업시간(Total WT)은 벌도시간(FT)과 조재시간(LT) 그리고 걸림시간(HT)을 모두 합한 것으로써 임목의 1cm 증가마다 11-13초의 작업시간 증가를 나타냈다.

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6-하이드록시도파민으로 유도된 흰주 뇌내의 도파민 고갈에 대한 $\ell$-디프레닐의 억제효과 (${\ell}-Deprenyl$ (Selegiline) Prevents 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced Depletion of Dopamine and Its Metabolites in Rat Brain)

  • 김은미;김선춘;정희선;김화정
    • 약학회지
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 1999
  • Whereas as selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B, ${\ell}-deprenyl$ (selegiline), is now widely used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the precise action mechanism of the drug remains elusive. In this study, to investigate protective effect of ${\ell}-deprenyl$ against the dopamine depletion induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), the changes in tissue contents of dopamine, serotonine (5-HT) and their metabolites by ${\ell}-deprenyl$ were examined in intact and 6-OHDA-lesioned rat brain. In intact rats, a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of ${\ell}-deprenyl$ showed a no change in striatal dopamine and its metabolites at low concentrations (0.25 and 1 mg/kg), but significantly inhibited dopamine metabolism at a higher concentration (10 mg/kg). The repeated administration of ${\ell}-deprenyl$ (0.25 and 1 mg/kg, i.p., for 21 consecutive days) reduced the contents of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanilic acid (HVA) in dose-dependent manners without changes in dopamine content. Bilateral intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) infusion of 6-OHDA ($100{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/10{\;}{\mu}{\ell}/hemisphere$) depleted dopamine in striatum and septum by 81% and 90% respectively. When rats were pretreated with ${\ell}-deprenyl$ before 6-OHDA administration, the striatal and septal dopamine levels were significantly increased by about 3.0-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively, compared to the untreated 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. Pretreatment of ${\ell}-deprenyl$ also significantly enhanced the dopmaine metabolites, DOPAC, HVA and 3-methoxytyramine, in the striatum, and DOPAC in the septum. These results indicate that a ${\ell}-deprenyl$ pretreatment prevents 6-OHDA-induced depletion of striatal dopamine and its metabolites.

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Effect of Antisera from Clostridium difficile-Infected Mice on Toxin-A-Induced Colonic Epithelial Cell Death Signaling

  • Kim, Dae Hong;Lee, Ik Hwan;Nam, Seung Taek;Nam, Hyo Jung;Kang, Jin Ku;Seok, Heon;Hwang, Jae Sam;Kim, Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.696-703
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    • 2014
  • Clostridium difficile causes mucosal damage and diarrhea by releasing two exotoxins: toxin A and toxin B. C. difficile colitis is associated with alterations in bowel flora and the failure to mount an effective antibody response. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether antitoxin sera prevent toxin-A-induced apoptosis, cytoskeletal disaggregation, cell detachment, and tight junction loss in cultured colonic epithelial cells. Serum samples were isolated from mice that survived a C. difficile infection following antibiotic treatment, and the antitoxin effects of these samples were investigated in toxin-A-exposed HT29 colonic epithelial cells and a toxin-A-induced animal model of gut inflammation. Unchallenged mice did not produce IgG against toxin A, whereas serum (antiserum) from C. difficile-challenged mice showed significant IgG responses against toxin A. Treatment with the antiserum markedly inhibited mucosal damage and inflammation in the toxin-A-treated mouse model. In contrast to control mouse serum, the antiserum also markedly inhibited toxin-A-induced DNA fragmentation, dephosphorylation of paxillin and Epo receptor (EpoR), deacetylation of tubulin, and upregulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53. Taken together, these results reveal that the generated antitoxin serum has biotherapeutic effects in preventing various C. difficile toxin-A-induced cellular toxicities.

울산지역 중학교 여학생의 비만실태에 관한 연구 (Obesity among Secondary School Girls in Ulsan Area)

  • 김혜경
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 1996
  • 울산시의 여중생을 대상으로 비만 실태와 이에 영향을 미친다고 생각되는 일반환경요인, 식 습관과 식품섭취빈도, 영양지식 등을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 평균 연령은 13.7세(12-15세)이고, 평균 신장과 체중은 각각 155.0cm, 46.6kg을 나타냈으며, BMI에 의한 비만율은 4.5%이었고 평균 BMI는 19.3을 나타냈다. 가족 수는 4-5명이 가장 많았고, 아버지와 어머니의 연령은 40-49세가 대부분을 차지하였고 거주형태는 아파트(52.8%)가 가장 많았다. 부모의 학력은 모두 고졸이 많았으며 월수입은 81-120만원(43.6%)이 가장 많았다. 2. 식 습관 조사에서는 부모의 편식율은 15.2%로 낮으나 조사대상자의 편식율은 48.1%로 높게 나타났다. 부모의 가려서 먹지 않는 편식식품은 돼지고기, 나물류, 복숭아로 나타났고, 조사대상자 자신의 편식식품은 양파, 육류, 생선, 계란, 버섯, 김치, 콩 등 종류가 다양하였다. 운동을 규칙적으로 하는 경우는 42.0%이었으며, 종류로는 가볍게 할 수 있는 줄넘기(32.5%), 배드민턴(16.7%), 달리기(11.5%) 등이 있었으며, 구기종목인 농구, 배구, 피구는 학교 체육수업 중에 하는 것으로 보인다. 그밖에 훌라후프, 수영, 테니스, 자전거, 걷기 등을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 식품섭취 빈도점수는 평균 36.6점(10-61점)이 나왔고 상대적으로 BMI 21이상군에서 유의적으로 더 높게 나왔다(p<0.05). 간식으로 섭취하는 음식의 종류에서는 우유가 82.2%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음은 과자류, 아이스크림, 빵, 라면, 떡볶이, 요플레 순으로 나타났다. 4. 비만과 관련된 일반적인 영양지식은 10문항의 조사결과 10점 만점에 평균 6.5점(2-9점)으로 대체로 높게 나타났는데 이는 대중매체와 신문, 잡지류를 통한 지식의 정보가 많기 때문으로 생각된다 비만 정도에 따라서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 5. 비만 정도와 상호간의 관계를 보면 BMI 수치가 높을수록 비만인 형제수가 많았으며, 자신의 비만 자각도도 높았다. 편식율은 비만 정도가 낮을수록 높았으며, 식품섭취 빈도 점수는 비만군에서 높았으나, 저녁식사 후 간식섭취는 BMI가 높은 군에서 하지 않는 비율이 더 높았는데 이것은 감수성이 예민한 여학생들이 자신의 외모에 대한 의식적인 노력으로 보인다. 이상과 같은 결과를 종합해 볼 때 중학교 여학생들은 학교수업을 중심으로 비교적 규칙적인 생활을 하고 따로 운동을 할 시간이 많지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 비만과 관련하여서는 유전적인 요인도 중요하지만 식습관 개선과 식품이 적절한 선택 등을 강조하여 연령과 생활환경에 맞는 영양교육이 필요하다고 본다.

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시부트라민 신규염을 이용한 새로운 시부트라민 제제의 개발 (Development of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form with New Sibutramine Salt)

  • 문진욱;신택환;이동욱;조준영;장성주;황성주
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2010
  • Sibutramine is an orally administered centrally-acting antiobesity agent and inhibits both noradrenaline(norephinephirine) and serotonin(5-HT) reuptake. These effects are contributed by its active metabolites, M1 and M2. However, as the free base form of sibutramine is an oil form in room temperature, it had the problem of handling and stability. Thus, this drug should be used in the form of acid salt form in the pharmaceutical application. Unfortunately, anhydrous sibutramine hydrochloride is highly hygroscopic and unstable. In order to solve the hygroscopicity of the anhydrous salt form, another sibutramine acid salt form must be developed as a hydrate form. In this study. to overcome these problems, various of sibutramine acid salt forms were prepared with the pharmaceutically available salts such as maleate, esylate, mandelate, camsylate, besylate, salicylate, tartrate, isethionate and malate forms, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. Sibutramine malate was selected for excellent solubility and stability among the listed salt forms above. Its pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in rats comparing with sibutramine HCl, resulting in similar parameters. In vitro dissolution study of sibutramine malate-loaded capsule was performed comparison with commercial product ($Reductil^{(R)}$) in pH 1.2, pH 4.0, pH 6.8 and water medium. Our results indicated that there were no significant differences in their dissolution profiles were similar in all tested medium. Thus, sibutramine malate-loaded capsule should be a potential candiate due to its excellent solubility, good stability and biosimilar absorption.

Neuroprotective mechanisms of dieckol against glutamate toxicity through reactive oxygen species scavenging and nuclear factor-like 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway

  • Cui, Yanji;Amarsanaa, Khulan;Lee, Ji Hyung;Rhim, Jong-Kook;Kwon, Jung Mi;Kim, Seong-Ho;Park, Joo Min;Jung, Sung-Cherl;Eun, Su-Yong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.121-130
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    • 2019
  • Glutamate toxicity-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death are involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases as well as acute brain ischemia/stroke. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective mechanism of dieckol (DEK), one of the phlorotannins isolated from the marine brown alga Ecklonia cava, against glutamate toxicity. Primary cortical neurons ($100{\mu}M$, 24 h) and HT22 neurons (5 mM, 12 h) were stimulated with glutamate to induce glutamate toxic condition. The results demonstrated that DEK treatment significantly increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner ($1-50{\mu}M$) and recovered morphological deterioration in glutamate-stimulated neurons. In addition, DEK strongly attenuated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial overload of $Ca^{2+}$ and ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}_m$) disruption, adenine triphosphate depletion. DEK showed free radical scavenging activity in the cell-free system. Furthermore, DEK enhanced protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an important anti-oxidant enzyme, via the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2). Taken together, we conclude that DEK exerts neuroprotective activities against glutamate toxicity through its direct free radical scavenging property and the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway activation.