• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2018

본 연구는 여가스포츠 참여자(사회인 야구)의 심리적 행복감의 예측요인을 규명하여 개발을 위한 전략을 제시하고자 시도된 융합연구이다. 연구대상자는 J도 여가스포츠(사회인 야구) 참여자 151명을 대상으로, 자가 보고식 설문지를 이용하여 자료 수집을 하였다. 자료 분석은 서술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson's correlation, 다중 공선성 진단 후 단계적 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 여가스포츠 참여자(사회인 야구)의 심리적 행복감의 가장 큰 예측요인으로는 대인관계능력(${\beta}=.190$)으로 심리적 행복감에 대하여 46.9%의 설명력을 나타내어 가장 중요한 변수이며, 삶의 질, 자기효능감 3개의 설명변수가 심리적 행복감(Adj. $R^2=.541$, F=59.57, p<.001)에 대한 설명력은 54.1%였다. 이상의 결과로 심리적 행복감 증진을 위해 대인관계능력과 자기효능감 및 삶의 질을 향상시키는 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 향후 객관화된 측정을 통한 심리적 행복감 예측요인 영향력 확인을 위한 반복연구가 필요하다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.386-396
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• 2005

The effects of spirulina-added salad dressing on lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers such as total glutathionine, TBARS value, carbonyl value, GPx, GR, SOD and paraoxonase activity in plasma or liver of mice were evaluated Sixteen male ICR mice weighing 20$\pm$2 g were divided into two groups and fed low fat ($5\%$ fat) diet (low fat control: LFC) and low fat control plus dressing diet (LFD) for eight weeks. Body weight, tissue weights of liver, heart and kidney, and the distribution of body fat deposition were not significantly different between two groups. Also, the profile of TG, TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol were similar between two groups. The DNA damage was determined using the comet assay (single cell gel assay) with alkaline electrophoresis and quantified by measuring tail length (TL). Spirulina salad dressing consumption resulted in significant decrease in lymphocyte DNA damage expressed by TL (LFC: $28.8{\mu}m$, LFD: $20.3{\mu}m$). Additionally, salad dressing consumption for 8 wks decreased the lipid peroxidation assayed by TBARS to $12.6\%$ compared with the control. The levels of antioxidant vitamins such as $\beta$-carotene were significantly higher in plasma of LFD group than those in LFC group based on HPLC method This study shows that spirulina-added salad dressing exerts degenerative disease-protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation possibly via a free radical levels.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2010

This study was aimed to examine the quality characteristics of the bread with the muffin added with the by-product of fermented ethanol from wheat rye that has high $\beta$-glucan contents. In the muffin added with TEFB (Triticale Ethanol Fermentation By-product), the height of the muffin decreased as the additive contents increased. There was no significant difference among the volumes of the muffins added with TEFB 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. In the muffin added with TEFB, the height of the muffin decreased as the additive contents increased. In the moisture measurement of TEFB muffin, the moisture contents increased as the TEFB additive contents increased. Using SEM, showed that as TEFB additive contents increased, gluten contents was relatively lowered, which led to the reduced gas retention power and generation of rough tissues. In chromaticity, as the TEFB additive contents increased, the brightness decreased and the redness and yellowness decreased as well. The result of texture measurement showed that as the TEFB additive contents increased, hardness increased. springiness decreased gradually as the TEFB additive contents increased. There was no significant difference in cohesiveness (p<0.005). Although there as signigicant difference between the control group and the additive group in gumminess (p<0.005), there was no significant difference for a certain amount of additive contents (p<0.05). While there was significant difference in chewiness between the control group and the additive group (p<0.05). there was no significant difference for a certain amount of additive contents (p<0.05). The result of taste test of TEFB added muffin showed that the preference for the muffins added with 5% or more TEFB decreased. This study found that more than 5% of TEFB additives to muffin decreases the preference level.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1035-1046
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• 1993

몇 가지 iron(III)porphyrin 착화합물을 합성하고, 이들에 대하여 역상 액체 크로마토그래피에서의 최적 분리조건 및 용리거동을 조사하였다. 분리관, 흐름속도, 용리액의 조성 등을 변화시킨 실험에서 분리관은 NOVA-PAK $C_{18}$, 용리액은 methanol/water의 이성분 혼합용매를 적당히 조절하였을 때 용량인자가 최적 분리조건인 $0{\leq}logk'{\leq}1$ 범위를 만족시켰다. 용리거동에 관련된 인자들로는 용리액의 세기, 분포비$(D_c)$ 및 분리관의 온도변화에 따른 엔탈피(${\Delta}H^{\circ}$), 엔트로피(${\Delta}S^{\circ}$), 보정온도($\beta$)를 조사하여 분리 메카니즘을 규명하였다. 이성분 용매계에서 용리 세기 및 물의 부피분율과 용량인자(logk')와의 관계를 조사한 결과 이들간에는 직선성이 잘 성립되었으며, 부피비와 용량인자와의 관계에서도 비교적 직선성을 잘 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로부터 시료의 용리 메카니즘이 소용매성 효과에 기인하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 열역학적인 방법으로 용리거동을 조사하기 위하여, van't Hoff plot으로부터 엔탈피, 엔트로피를 구하였다. 엔탈피와 용량인자와의 상관관계를 조사한 결과 iron(III)porphyrin 착화합물과 정지상과의 상호작용은 온도변화에 과계없이 일정함을 알 수 있었고, 정지상과의 소용매성 결합 과정은 등평형 거동을 나타내었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.786-793
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• 2015

본 연구는 재직 중인 기혼 여성 치과위생사 281명을 대상으로 기혼 여성 치과위생사의 경력단절 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보고자 수행되었다. 설문지를 이용하여 2015년 6월 27일부터 7월 26일까지 자료를 수집하였고, 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 얻었다. 연구 대상자의 66.9%가 치과위생사의 수명은 '짧다'라고 응답하였고, 짧은 이유로 '경력이 많으면 취직이 어렵다', '나이에 제한이 있다' 등이 있었다. 연구 대상자의 42.7%가 치과위생사의 정년은 '40대까지'라고 응답하였고, 53.4%가 치과위생사의 재취업은 '조직 내 기혼자에 대한 부담감이 없다면 언제든 가능하다'라고 응답하였다. 일반적 특성 따른 경력단절 의사는 연령(p<0.001), 근무연수(p=0.003), 자녀수(p=0.008), 자녀연령(p=0.012), 월급여(p=0.004)가 유의하게 나타났고, 직업인식에 따른 경력단절 의사는 이직경험(p=0.015), 직업수명(p<0.001), 치과위생사의 정년(p<0.001), 취업지속 시기(p<0.001), 치과위생사의 재취업(p<0.001)에서 유의하게 나타났다. 상관분석 결과는 p<0.01수준에서 직업정체성, 고용주의 지지, 배우자의 지지, 직무만족도가 높을수록 경력단절 의사는 낮은 것으로 나타났고, p<0.05 수준에서 가족지지가 높을수록 경력단절 의사는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 경력단절 의사에 영향을 주는 요인을 위계적 방법으로 분석한 결과 모델 4에서 설명력이 37.1%로 가장 설명력이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 연령, 근무연수, 직업수명, 가족지지, 직업정체성, 고용주의 지지가 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보였고, 고용주의 지지(${\beta}$=-0.499)가 경력단절 의사에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 조직 내 고용주와 직원들은 기혼자에 대한 편견을 버리고, 직장 내에서의 출산휴가, 육아휴직에 대한 배려와 치과계에서의 제도적 방안을 마련함과 더불어 시간제 근로방법을 이용한다면 구인난 해결에 도움이 될 것이다. 신규 인력의 증가보다 기혼 치과위생사들이 취업을 지속함으로써 구인난을 해결할 수 있는 방안을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.418-435
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• 2001

Root canal preparation process is of utmost importance in successful treatment of root canal. Also, one of the most important purpose of the root canal preparation is to enlarge the root canal three dimensionally without changing the curvature of the root canal However as the curvature of the root canal increases, there are many difficulties involved in formation of optimum root canal. Therefore in order to solve the above mentioned problems, new developments in methods of root canal preparation and equipments for such purposes were made. Recently, vigorous studies about newly introduced engine-driven nickel-ti-tanium rotary file are conducted. As shown in research results to dates, it is well established that the use of nickel-titanium file is better suited for curved root canal than stainless steel file in maintaining the curvature or root canal and reducing the deformation of root canal. However it is also acknowledged that there are a few discrepancies in research results according to protocol, due to failure to remove variables in experiments. In addition, although it is recommended by the manufacturer that the GT rotary file should maintain a low rotational speed of 150~350rpm and 'light pressure' as light as not to break the lead of a pencil, academic studies about the vertical force which is not yet standardized are not sufficiently explored. Therefore, this research devised and utilized a special research equipment to standardize the appropriate range of vertical force for GT rotary file through experiments by breaking of the lead of a pencil as expressed by the manufacturer and to accurately measure factors involved through repeating and recreating the environment of root canal preparation. Forming nine experimental groups by varying the vertical forces (150g. 220g, 300g) and rpm (150rpm, 250rpm, 350rpm), the effects of changing vertical forces and rpm on working efficiency were measured in terms of time expended in root canal preparation by crown-down method using a transparent resin block with 35 degree curvature and GT rotary file (z-test). The following research using this special research equipment that involved nine experimental groups and varying the vertical force for root canal preparation from 300g which is within the normal vertical force range to 700g and 1000g which fall outside the normal rpm range. The results were as follows : 1. Analysis of the experiment results revealed that the time spent in root canal preparation decreased as the vertical forces and rpm increased (p<0.05). Also, the effects of rpm were greater than those of the vertical forces within the normal vertical force range ($\beta$-weight test). 2. Observation of the deformation of GT rotary file revealed that deformation increases in a direct correlation with the vertical force increase and in a reverse correlation with the rpm decrease. In the case of the vertical forces close to the normal range, the probability of GT rotary file deformation were quite different depending on the rpm changes. In the case of greater vertical forces, the occurrences of deformation of the file were more frequent regardless of the rpm changes. 3. Deformation and breakage of file were also commonly observed in the expended time measurement experiments and GT rotary file deformation experiments in which low speed rpm (150rpm) was used and at the curved portion of the resin block.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2005

Pain is an unpleasant sensation experienced when tissues are damaged. Thus, pain sensation in some way protects body from imminent threat or injury. Peripheral sensory nerves innervated to peripheral tissues initially respond to multiple forms of noxious or strong stimuli, such as heat, mechanical and chemical stimuli. In response to these stimuli, electrical signals for conducting the nociceptive neural signals through axons are generated. These action potentials are then conveyed to specific areas in the spinal cord and in the brain. Sensory afferent fibers are heterogeneous in many aspects. For example, sensory nerves are classified as $A{\alpha}$, $-{\beta}$, $-{\delta}$ and C-fibers according to their diameter and degree of myelination. It is widely accepted that small sensory fibers tend to respond to vigorous or noxious stimuli and related to nociception. Thus these fibers are specifically called nociceptors. Most of nociceptors respond to noxious mechanical stimuli and heat. In addition, these sensory fibers also respond to chemical stimuli [Davis et al. (1993)] such as capsaicin. Thus, nociceptors are considered polymodal. Recent advance in research on ion channels in sensory neurons reveals molecular mechanisms underlying how various types of stimuli can be transduced to neural signals transmitted to the brain for pain perception. In particular, electrophysiological studies on ion channels characterize biophysical properties of ion channels in sensory neurons. Furthermore, molecular biology leads to identification of genetic structures as well as molecular properties of ion channels in sensory neurons. These ion channels are expressed in axon terminals as well as in cell soma. When these channels are activated, inward currents or outward currents are generated, which will lead to depolarization or hyperpolarization of the membrane causing increased or decreased excitability of sensory neurons. In order to depolarize the membrane of nerve terminals, either inward currents should be generated or outward currents should be inhibited. So far, many cationic channels that are responsible for the excitation of sensory neurons are introduced recently. Activation of these channels in sensory neurons is evidently critical to the generation of nociceptive signals. The main channels responsible for inward membrane currents in nociceptors are voltage-activated sodium and calcium channels, while outward current is carried mainly by potassium ions. In addition, activation of non-selective cation channels is also responsible for the excitation of sensory neurons. Thus, excitability of neurons can be controlled by regulating expression or by modulating activity of these channels.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.966-974
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• 2015

Despite the presence of toll like receptor (TLR) expression in conventional $TCR{\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells, the direct role of TLR signaling via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) within T lymphocytes on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remains unknown. In the allo-SCT model of C57BL/6 ($H-2^b$) ${\rightarrow}$ B6D2F1 ($H-2^{b/d}$), recipients received transplants of wild type (WT) T-cell-depleted (TCD) bone marrow (BM) and splenic T cells from either WT or MyD88 deficient (MyD88KO) donors. Host-type ($H-2^d$) P815 mastocytoma or L1210 leukemia cells were injected either subcutaneously or intravenously to generate a GVHD/GVL model. Allogeneic recipients of MyD88KO T cells demonstrated a greater tumor growth without attenuation of GVHD severity. Moreover, GVHD-induced GVL effect, caused by increasing the conditioning intensity was also not observed in the recipients of MyD88KO T cells. In vitro, the absence of MyD88 in T cells resulted in defective cytolytic activity to tumor targets with reduced ability to produce IFN-${\gamma}$ or granzyme B, which are known to critical for the GVL effect. However, donor T cell expansion with effector and memory T-cell differentiation were more enhanced in GVHD hosts of MyD88KO T cells. Recipients of MyD88KO T cells experienced greater expansion of Foxp3- and IL4-expressing T cells with reduced INF-${\gamma}$ producing T cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes early after transplantation. Taken together, these results highlight a differential role for MyD88 deficiency on donor T-cells, with decreased GVL effect without attenuation of the GVHD severity after experimental allo-SCT.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Syzygium aromaticum (SAE) spread on the allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobezene (DNCB). Methods : Forty-two mice were divided into six groups ; normal, negative control (DNCB-treated), positive control (DNCB + 1% pimecrolimus), experimental group I, II and III. control and experimental groups were induced allergic contact dermatitis by DNCB. Experimental group I(DNCB + 0.2% SAE), II(DNCB + 1% SAE) and III(DNCB + 5% SAE) were spread SAE and positive control was spread the 1% pimecrolimus. In this study, effect of SAE on clinical aspects on the skin, histopathological change, the blood level of IgE, cytokines, histamine were investigated. In addition, effect of SAE on spleen $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T cell subset was investigated. Results : 1. In experimental group I, II and III, erythemas and edema were more reduced than negative control. 2. In experimental group I, II and III inflammatory edema and the numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells were more reduced than negative control. 3. In experimental group I, II and III, clinical skin score was more reduced than negative control. 4. In experimental group II and III, the thickness of skin was statistically significant reduced than negative control. 5. In experimental group II and III, histamine release was statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 6. In experimental group II and III, cytokines (IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) were statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 7. In experimental group I, II and III, the level of total IgE was statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 8. In experimental group III, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T cells were statistically significant decreased similar to the positive control. Conclusions : According to above experiments, Syzygium aromaticum(SAE) was effective on allergic contact dermatitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1347-1354
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• 2006

The aims of this study were to establish a simple and effective method for isolating male germline stem cells (GSCs), and to test the possibility of using these cells as a new approach for male infertility treatment. Testes obtained from neonatal and adult mice were manually decapsulated. GSCs were collected from seminiferous tubules by a two-step enzyme digestion method and plated on gelatin-coated dishes. Over 5-7 days of culture, GSCs obtained from neonates and adults gave rise to large multicellular colonies that were subsequently grown for 10 passages. During in vitro proliferation, oct-4 and two immunological markers (Integrin ${\beta}1,\;{\alpha}6$) for GSCs were highly expressed in the cell colonies. During another culture period of 6 weeks to differentiate to later stage germ cells, the expression of oct-4 mRNA decreased in GSCs and Sertoli cells encapsulated with calcium alginate, but the expression of c-kit and testis-specific histone protein 2B(TH2B) mRNA as well as the localization of c-kit protein was increased. Expression of transition protein (TP-l) and localization of peanut agglutinin were not seen until 3 weeks after culturing, and appeared by 6 weeks of culture. The putative spermatids derived from GSCs supported embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage with normal chromosomal ploidy after chemical activation. Thus, GSCs isolated from neonatal and adult mouse testes were able to be maintained and proliferated in our simple culture conditions. These GSCs have the potential to differentiate into haploid germ cells during another long-term culture.