• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.892-899
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• 2014

동적 인스트루멘테이션 기법은 동적 코드 변환 기법을 사용하여 프로그램의 수행 흐름을 흐트러뜨리지 않으면서 분석 코드를 삽입하는 구현 기법으로 사용되고 있다. 기존의 동적 코드 변환 기법은 머신 코드 스트림을 중간 코드 형태로 파싱하고, 이를 일반적인 컴파일러 기법에 적용함으로써 코드를 변환한다. 이러한 방식의 코드 변환 과정에서 수반되는 높은 변환 오버헤드는 응답성이 높은 사용자 프로그램에 적용을 어렵게 한다. 본 논문에서는 변환 과정의 경량화를 통해 변환 오버헤드를 줄임으로써, 높은 동적 코드 변환 성능을 가지는 경량 동적 코드 변환 기법을 제안하고, 이를 기반으로 하는 동적 인스트루멘테이션 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안 기법은 테이블 기반의 새로운 동적 주소 변환 기법으로 코드를 변환하고, 더불어 자주 실행되는 라이브러리 함수에 대해 변환 과정에 대해서는 주소 변환만을 함으로써 변환 오버헤드를 줄이는 변환 우회 기법을 이용한다. 기존 동적 코드 변환 기법과의 비교를 통해 2%~65%의 성능 향상을 확인하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2008

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) plays a role in recognition of the AUG codon in conjunction with translation factor eIF2, and promotes joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit. To see whether the eIF5B proteins of other organisms function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we cloned the corresponding genes from Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Aspergillus nidulans and Candida albican and expressed them under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL promoter in the $fun12{\Delta}$ strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of Candida albicans eIF5B complemented the slow-growth phenotype of the $fun12{\Delta}$ strain, but that of Aspergillus nidulance did not, despite the fact that its protein was expressed better than that of Candida albicans. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein was also not functional in Saccharomyces. These results reveal that the eIF5B in Candida albicans has a close functional relationship with that of Sacharomyces cerevisiae, as also shown by a phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the eIF5Bs.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2002

Parameter tuning methods by Ziegler-Nichols for PID controllers are generally classified into Z-N(1) and Z-N(2). The purpose of this paper is to describe what relations exist between the methods of Z-N(1) and Z-N(2), or how Z-N(1) can be originated from Z-N(2) by analyzing one loop control system composing of P or PI controller and time delay process. In this paper, for the first step to seek mutual relations, the simple formulas of Z-N(2) are transformed into those composing of the same parameters as Z-N(1) which is derived from the analysis of frequency characteristics. Then, the approximation of the actual ultimate frequency is proposed as important premise in the translation between Z-N(1) and (2). Such equalization and approximation brings a simple approximated formula which can explain how Z-N(1) is originated from the Z-N(2) in the form of formula.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1997

A swept volume is a useful tool for solving various types of interference problems. Previous works have concentrated on sweeping an object along an arbitrary path, that results in complex algorithms. This paper concerns the volume swept by translating an object along a linear path. After analyzing the structure of the swept volume, we present an incremental algorithm for constructing a swept volume. Our algorithm takes O(n/sup 2/ *.alpha.(n)+T/sub c/) time where n is the number of vertices in the original object and T/sub c/ is time for handling face cycles.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.375-379
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• 1997

리보즘불활성화 단백질(Ribosome-inactivating protein, RIP)을 생성하는 식물을 탐색하여 그중 호박$(Cucurbita\;moschata\;D_{UCHESNE})$ 잎에서 ammonium sulfate 침전, DE 52-Cellulose, S-Sepharose, FPLC Superose 12 HR, FPLC Mono-S column chromatography에 의하여 ribosome-Inactivating 활성이 있는 단백질(PR 1, PRIP 2)을 분리하였다. 정제된 단백질의 분자량은 SDS-PAGE에서 약 31,000과 30,500인 염기성 단백질로서, 특히 PRIP 1은 열에도 안정하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 처리한 경우에도 활성이 유지되었다. 이 단백질들의 ribosome-inactivating 활성을 in vitro translation system에서 측정한 결과 50% 활성저해농도 $(IC_{50})$는 PRIP 1은 0.82nM, PRIP 2은 0.79 nM이었다. PRIP 1과 PRIP 2의 N-말단부분의 아미노산 서열을 분석하여, 이미 밝혀진 리보즘불활성화 단백질들과 아미노산서열의 유사성을 분석해 본 결과, PRIP 1은 Luffa cylindrica에서 분리된 Luffin B 및 Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz에서 분리된 Trichokirin과, PRE 2은 Momordia charantia에서 분리된 Momordin II 및 MAP 30과 유사성이 매우 높았다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2005

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (elF4E) is a key element for cap-dependent protein translation controlled by affinity between elF4E and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Rapamycin can also affect protein translation by regulating 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino )-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a strong lung carcinogen, but its precise lung cancer induction mechanism remains unknown. Relative roles of cap-dependent and -independent protein translation in terms of NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis were elucidated using normal human bronchial epithelial cells. NNK concentrations applied in this study did not decrease cell viability. Addition of NNK restored rapamycin-induced decrease of protein synthesis and rapamycin-induced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, and increased expression levels of mTOR, ERK1/2, p70S6K, and Raf-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. NNK also caused perturbation of normal cell cycle progression. Taken together, NNK might cause toxicity through the combination of restoration of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and increase of elF4E as well as mTOR protein expression, interruption of Raf1/ERK as well as the cyclin G-associated p53 network. Our data could be applied towards elucidation of the molecular basis for lung cancer treatment.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.223-237
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• 2021

Let n be a fixed natural number. Menger algebras of rank n can be regarded as a canonical generalization of arbitrary semigroups. This paper is concerned with studying algebraic properties of Menger algebras of rank n by first defining a special class of full n-place functions, the so-called a left translation, which possess necessary and sufficient conditions for an (n + 1)-groupoid to be a Menger algebra of rank n. The isomorphism parts begin with introducing the concept of homomorphisms, and congruences in Menger algebras of rank n. These lead us to establish a quotient structure consisting a nonempty set factored by such congruences together with an operation defined on its equivalence classes. Finally, the fundamental homomorphism theorem and isomorphism theorems for Menger algebras of rank n are given. As a consequence, our results are significant in the study of algebraic theoretical Menger algebras of rank n. Furthermore, we extend the usual notions of ordinary semigroups in a natural way.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2009

This paper investigated the effects of dynamic postural control for maintaining upright standing on a support surface during continuous sinusoidal horizontal translation in anterior-posterior direction. 15 healthy young subjects participated in this experiment. The analysis of body movement was analyzed using Ariel Performance Analysis System. Motion pattern was analyzed by seven markers on subject's body. Position of markers were head, chest, hip, right knee, left knee, right ankle and left ankle. Seven different frequencies of support surface were employed ; 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2Hz at 2cm of moving path of motionbase. The experiments were performed dynamic postural reponses at the condition of eye open. The results showed that median frequency of the knee, ankle were increased in all frequency bands. Following the frequency of perturbation increased, postural control strategy was changed from ankle strategy to combined strategy. The experiment results could be applied to the dynamic postural training for the elderly and the rehabilitation training for the patients to improving the ability of postural control.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.162-171
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• 2012

SAV2228 has an OB (Oligomer-Binding)-motif which is frequently used for nucleic acid recognition. To characterize the activity of translation initiation factor-1 (IF-1) from Staphylococcus aureus, SAV2228 was expressed and purified in Escherichia coli. We acquired 3D NMR spectra showing well dispersed and homogeneous signals which allow us to assign 94.4% of all $^1HN$, $^{15}N$, $^{13}C{\alpha}$, $^{13}C{\beta}$ and $^{13}CO$ resonances. We could predict a secondary structure of SAV2228 using TALOS and CSI from NMR data. SAV2228 was consisted of one ${\alpha}$-helix and five ${\beta}$-sheets. The predicted secondary structure, ${\beta}-{\beta}-{\beta}-{\alpha}-{\beta}-{\beta}$, was similar to other bacterial IF-1, but it was not completely same to the eukaryotic one. Assigned NMR peaks and secondary structre prediction can be used for the study on interaction with nucleic acid in the future.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine fracture resistance and failure modes of three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of lithium disilicate pressed on zirconia (LZ), monolithic lithium disilicate (ML), and monolithic zirconia (MZ). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Co-Cr alloy three-unit metal FDPs model with maxillary first premolar and first molar abutments was fabricated. Three different FDPs groups, LZ, ML, and MZ, were prepared (n = 5 per group). The three-unit FDPs designs were identical for all specimens and cemented with resin cement on the prepared metal model. The region of pontic in FDPs was given 50,000 times of cyclic preloading at 2 Hz via dental chewing simulator and received a static load until fracture with universal testing machine fixed at $10^{\circ}$. The fracture resistance and mode of failure were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni's correction (${\alpha}=0.05/3=0.017$). RESULTS. A significant difference in fracture resistance was found between LZ ($4943.87{\pm}1243.70N$) and ML ($2872.61{\pm}658.78N$) groups, as well as between ML and MZ ($4948.02{\pm}974.51N$) groups (P<.05), but no significant difference was found between LZ and MZ groups (P>.05). With regard to fracture pattern, there were three cases of veneer chipping and two interfacial fractures in LZ group, and complete fracture was observed in all the specimens of ML and MZ groups. CONCLUSION. Compared to monolithic lithium disilicate FDPs, monolithic zirconia FDPs and lithium disilicate glass ceramics pressed on zirconia-based FDPs showed superior fracture resistance while they manifested comparable fracture resistances.