• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

This paper proposes a robust scene change detection technique that uses the weighted chi-square test and the automated threshold-decision algorithms. The weighted chi-square test can subdivide the difference values of individual color channels by calculating the color intensities according to NTSC standard, and it can detect the scene change by joining the weighted color intensities to the predefined chi-square test which emphasize the comparative color difference values. The automated threshold-decision at algorithm uses the difference values of frame-to-frame that was obtained by the weighted chi-square test. At first, The Average of total difference values is calculated and then, another average value is calculated using the previous average value from the difference values, finally the most appropriate mid-average value is searched and considered the threshold value. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are effective and outperform the previous approaches.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.483-492
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• 2004

Let : [0, 1] $\times$ [0, $\infty$) $\longrightarrow$ [0, $\infty$) be continuous and a ${\in}$ C([0, 1], [0, $\infty$)),and let ${\xi}_{i}$ $\in$ (0, 1) with 0 < {\xi}$_1$ < ${\xi}_2$ < … < ${\xi}_{m-2}$ < 1, $a_{i}$, $b_{i}$ ${\in}$ [0, $\infty$) with 0 < $\Sigma_{i=1}$ /$^{m-2}$ $a_{i}$ < 1 and $\Sigma_{i=1}$$^{m-2}$ < l. This paper is concerned with the following m-point boundary value problem: $\chi$″(t)＋a(t) (t.$\chi$(t))＝0,t ${\in}$(0,1), $\chi$'(0)＝$\Sigma_{i=1}$ $^{m-2}$ /$b_{i}$$\chi$'(${\xi}_{i}$),$\chi$(1)＝$\Sigma_{i=1}$$^{m-2}$$a_{i}$$\chi$(${\xi}_{i}$). The existence, multiplicity and uniqueness of positive solutions of this problem are discussed with the help of two fixed point theorems in cones, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.103-111
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• 2005

This paper presents a novel automated threshold-decision algorithm that uses the mean and standard-deviation values obtained from the difference values of consecutive frames. At first, the calculation of difference values is obtained by the weighted ${\chi}^2$-test algorithm which was modified by joining color histogram to ${\chi}^2$-test algorithm. The weighted ${\chi}^2$-test algorithm can subdivide the difference values by imposing weights according to NTSC standard. In the first step, the proposed automatic threshold-decision algorithm calculates the mean and standard-deviation value from the total difference values, and then subtracts the mean value from the each difference values. In the next step, the same process is performed on the remained difference values, and lastly, the threshold is detected from the mean when the standard deviation has a maximum value. The proposed method is tested on various video sources and, in the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed method efficiently estimates the thresholds and reliably detects scene changes.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.59-70
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• 2003

We estimated the spectrum decay parameter $\chi$ and the stress parameter ($\Delta$$\sigma$) in southeastern Korea. Especially, we propose a procedure to compute site-independent $\chi$$_{q}$ and dependent $\chi$$_{s}$ values, separately, This procedure is to use the coda normalization method for the computation of site independent Q or corresponding $\chi$$_{q}$ value as the first step followed by the next step, the computation of $\chi$$_{s}$ values for each site using the given $\chi$$_{q}$ value evaluated at the first step, For the estimation of stress parameter, we used seismic data monitored from three earthquakes occurred near Gyeongju in 1999 with the method of Jo and Baag, In addition, we simulated strong ground motion using the $\chi$ value and the stress parameter, In this case, we calculated the $\chi$ value with conventional method. The $\chi$ value of 0.016+0.000157R and the stress parameter of 92-bar was applied to the stochastic simulation, At last, we derived seismic attenuation equation using results of the stochastic prediction, and compared these results with some others reported previously.ported previously.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2010

Two chitinase producing strains CHI2 and CHI4 were isolated from soybean rhizosphere soil. Both the strains belonged to Lysobacter enzymogenes as indicated by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Though strain CHI2 and CHI4 produced extracellular chitinase, they differ in their chitinolytic activity. CHI4 produced approximately three times the higher amounts of enzyme than that of CHI2 under specified conditions. CHI2 produced $535.67U\;l^{-1}$ of chitinase after 48 h incubation with a specific activity of $3.91U\;mg^{-1}$ of protein while strain CHI4 produced $1584.13U\;l^{-1}$ of chitinase with a specific activity of $10.88U\;mg^{-1}$ protein. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the molecular weight of chitinase enzyme was approximately 45 kDa. A faint band with a molecular weight of 55 kDa reveals the possibility for the presence of another kind of chitin binding protein. Mutant library was developed by exposing the isolates to gamma rays at their $LD_{99}$ value (0.23 kGy). Totally, 11 mutants of CHI2 and CHI4 are reported to have enhanced chitinase activity. Several leaky mutant clones with decreased enzyme activity and a defective mutant (CHI2-M16) with complete loss of chitinase activity were also identified. CHI4-M18, CHI4-M8 and CHI4-M29 showed 78.8, 41.5, and 31.9% increased chitinase activity over wild type CHI4.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the precipitation behavior of the ${\chi}$ phase and the impact toughness of 25%Cr-7%Ni-2%Mo-4%W super duplex stainless steel. The ${\chi}$ phase was precipitated in the early stage of aging, and with the increasing aging time. However, after reaching a maximum value, the number decreased as a result of the gradual transformation of the ${\chi}$ phase into the ${\sigma}$-phase. It was proved that the ${\chi}$ phase was an intermetallic compound, which represented a lower nickel concentration, higher chromium and molybdenum concentrations, and very higher tungsten concentration compared to the matrix phases. It also showed higher molybdenum and tungsten concentrations than the ${\sigma}$ phase. The decomposition of the ferrite phase into the ${\gamma}_2$ and ${\sigma}$ phases was retarded by W substitution for Mo. Thus, the number of ${\chi}$ phases increased. The impact value was decreased by the substitution of W for Mo. The impact toughness rapidly decreased with time when the ${\chi}$ phase began to precipitate in the initial stage of aging. The impact toughness was, therefore, greatly influenced for the precipitation of the ${\chi}$ phase.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.635-648
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• 2022

In this paper, we establish an asymptotic formula for mean value of $L^{(k)}({\frac{1}{2}},\;{\chi}_P)$ averaging over ℙ_2g+1 and over ℙ_2g+2 as g → ∞ in odd characteristic. We also give an asymptotic formula for mean value of $L^{(k)}({\frac{1}{2}},\;{\chi}_u)$ averaging over 𝓘_g+1 and over 𝓕_g+1 as g → ∞ in even characteristic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 1996

To ceramic film, $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$, coated on pure Fe and stainless steel(SUS41O) by RF magnetron sputtering, the adherence between mm and substarte was studied. The adherence index (${\chi}$) was determined by the measure of micro hardness test. Also, the corrosion resistance on oxide coatings was studied using electrochemical measurement. The main results obtained are as the following: 1) In the micro-hardness test, with $1{\mu}m$ thickness mm, it has only one the value of ${\chi}$. Above $2{\mu}$thickness fIlm, however, get another value of ${\chi}$as the cracks in fIlm. 2) The oxide fIlm adhere well on the mild materials such as pure steel than high intensity materials like stainless. 3) Alumina($Al_2O_3$) coated materials have better corrosion resistance than silica($SiO_2$)coated materials

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1977

A study has been made to find out a new method of calculating the survival rate of a fish population from length composition and growth equation. 1. In the steady state of the fish population, let the total mortality rate be z, the age of complete recruitment $\alpha$, and the number of $\chi$ year class $N_\chi$. Then ire obtain $$N\chi=N\alpha\;\exp\;{-z(\chi-\alpha)}$$ Let the oldest age in the catch be h, the average age between the age of complete recruitment and the oldest age in the catch $U\chi$. Then we have $$U\chi=\frac{a-b\;\exp\;(-z(b-a))}{1-\exp\;(-z(b-a))}+\frac{1}{z}....(1)$$ and then let be infinite. Then we obtain $$Z=\frac{1}{U\chi-\alpha....(2)$$ 2. Calculating numerical value of $U\chi$ from age composition table and growth equation and substitute in (1) or (2) for it, we may obtain the value of s and $\varrho^{-z}$. 3. This method is applied t a case of yellow croaker in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The results are as follows: Total mortality rate 0.82595 Survival rate 0.43782 95 percent confidence interval 0.43767-0.43797.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.427-436
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• 2022

Ethnocentrism in users plays an important role in predicting user behavior when deciding between imported and domestic goods. The purpose of this study is to look into the influence of ethnocentrism in customer behavior on brand image, perceived value, perceived quality, brand trust, and brand buy intention. Vietnamese customers prefer homegrown brands. The moderate role of consumer ethnocentrism in the conceptual framework emphasizes the country origin of the product is the most important factor. It also demonstrates how the intention of Vietnamese consumers to buy domestic brands is substantially influenced. To test the hypothesis, this article used a quantitative technique utilizing PLS-SEM software. With 917 samples, the study used the quota sampling approach to collect data from students at 10 universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The data suggest that all players have a positive association and that consumer ethnocentrism has a moderate impact in the Vietnamese brand context. Following that, suggestions are made to help Vietnamese firms create and retain their brands in the face of severe competition from global brands in the domestic market. To increase consumer intent in purchasing behavior, the Vietnamese local company needs to establish a strong brand.