• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2016

Graphene oxide (GO) powder processed by Hummer's method is mixed with p-type $Bi_2Te_3$ based thermoelectric materials by a high-energy ball milling process. The synthesized GO-dispersed p-type $Bi_2Te_3$ composite powder has a composition of $Bi_{0.5}Sb_{1.5}Te_3$ (BSbT), and the powder is consolidated into composites with different contents of GO powder by using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. It is found that the addition of GO powder significantly decreases the thermal conductivity of the pure BSbT material through active phonon scattering at the newly formed interfaces. In addition, the electrical properties of the GO/BSbT composites are degraded by the addition of GO powder except in the case of the 0.1 wt% GO/BSbT composite. It is found that defects on the surface of GO powder hinder the electrical transport properties. As a result, the maximum thermoelectric performance (ZT value of 0.91) is achieved from the 0.1% GO/BSbT composite at 398 K. These results indicate that introducing GO powder into thermoelectric materials is a promising method to achieve enhanced thermoelectric performance due to the reduction in thermal conductivity.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.389-400
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• 1988

Minor elements such as Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr and Te were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and induced coupled plasma spectrophotometry in order to investigate pathfinders for gold in quartz porphyry, granite porphyry and vein materials in Jeonjuil gold - silver mine, and in altered biotite granites and vein materials in Dukum gold - silver mine. In Dukum gold - silver mine, it is observed that Au contents have positive relation with As, Co, and Rb contents, but negative relation with Bi contents in altered biotite granites. Au contents have positive relation with Ag, As, Co and Te contents in vein materials. In Jeonjuil gold - silver mine, it is observed that Cd, Rb, Sr and Te are enriched near ore vein in quartz porphyry and granite porphyry. Au contents have positive relation with As, Cd, Cu, $Fe_2O_3$ and $K_2O$ in vein materials.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2003

현대 산업이 발전함에 따라 전자부품의 초소형화, 고성능화가 요구되어지고 있으며, 이러한 점에 부응하기 위하여 Pottier 효과를 이용하여 국부냉각이 가능한 열전재료에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 열전재료에는 사용온도 영역에 따라 여러 종류가 있지만, Bi-Te계 열전재료는 상온영역에서 가장 성능지수(Z=$\alpha$$^2$$\sigma$/$textsc{k}$, $\alpha$는 Seebeck 계수, $\sigma$는 전기전도도, $textsc{k}$는 열전도도)가 높아 각종 냉각소자로서 사용되어 지고 있다. 하지만, 초소형 전자부품의 국부냉각을 위해서는 성능지수의 향상, 특히, 저온 영역에서의 성능지수의 향상이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Bi-Te계 열전재료의 성능지수를 향상시키기 위하여, 열전도도의 저하에 의한 성능지수의 향상을 연구목적으로 하였다 열전도도는 전자에 의한 열전도도(K$_{e}$)와 phonon에 의한 열전도도(K$_{p}$)로 이루어지며, 전기전도도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 결정립 사이즈영역에서 결정립의 크기를 미세화 하면, 결정입계에서의 phonon의 산란이 증가하여 phonon에 의한 열전도도를 저하시킴으로서 성능지수의 향상이 기대된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 나노사이즈 분말의 제조에 많이 이용되며 입자크기의 조절이 용이한 공침법을 이용하여 Bi-Te계 열전재료 분말을 제조하고 열전재료에의 적용가능성을 검토하였다.

• Vacuum Magazine
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.21-24
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• 2014

Thermolectric devices could convert temperature gradient into electricity (Seebeck effect) and electric power into temperature gradient across the themoelectric element (Peltier effect). $Bi_2Te_3$ has been widely used as thermoelectric material for more than 40 years, due to the superior thermoelctric characteristics. However, Bi and Te materials are predicted to face supply shortage, giving strong necessity for the development of new thermoelctric materials. Based on the theoretical prediction, nanostructure are expected to give dramatic enhnacement of thermoelectirc characteristics by controlling phonon propagation. Thus, silicon, which had been considered as improper material for thermoelectricity, is now being considered as strong cadidate material for thermoelectricity. This review will focus on the nanotechnology applied research activities in silicon as thermoelectric materials.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.11 no.3 s.32
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• pp.83-89
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• 2004

NTC thermistor embedded miniature thermoelectric module was fabricated for the precise temperature control of optical communication device such as laser diode (LD). The miniature thermoelectric module ($7.2 mm{\times}9 mm{\times}2.2 mm$) consists of 21 BiTe thermoelectric couples, the operating temperature is precisely controlled by embedded thermistor with quick response. The figure-of-merit (Z), maximum temperature difference (${\Delta}T_{max}$), maximum cooling capacity ($Q_{max}$) of the miniature thermoelectric module were $2.5{\times}10^{-3}$/K, 72 K, 2.2 W respectively and temperature could be controlled in range of ${\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ accuracy in air. The fabricated miniature thermoelectric module is suitable for applications of the optical communication packaging.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

In this work, p-type Bi-Sb-Te alloys powders are prepared using gas atomization, a mass production powder preparation method involving rapid solidification. To study the effect of the sintering temperature on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties, gas-atomized powders are consolidated at different temperatures (623, 703, and 743 K) using spark plasma sintering. The crystal structures of the gas-atomized powders and sintered bulks are identified using an X-ray diffraction technique. Texture analysis by electron backscatter diffraction reveals that the grains are randomly oriented in the entire matrix, and no preferred orientation in any unique direction is observed. The hardness values decrease with increasing sintering temperature owing to a decrease in grain size. The conductivity increases gradually with increasing sintering temperature, whereas the Seebeck coefficient decreases owing to increases in the carrier mobility with grain size. The lowest thermal conductivity is obtained for the bulk sintered at a low temperature (603 K), mainly because of its fine-grained microstructure. A peak ZT of 1.06 is achieved for the sample sintered at 703 K owing to its moderate electrical conductivity and sustainable thermal conductivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2015

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2006

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2022

The resonant bio-sensor of bi-level grating structure with mushroom profile has been designed for operating in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range under transverse electric (TE) polarization. The rigorous modal transmission-line theory (MTLT) is applied to determine the optical characteristics, and the reflection resonance of the grating structure is analyzed by varying their geometrical parameters. The numerical result shows that an excited sharp Fano resonance (FR), which does not occur in single layer grating, is demonstrated. The relationship between structure parameters of bi-level grating and the reflectance spectrum in order to guarantee the appearance of FR in the designed structure is fully investigated. An optical bio-sensor with a potential sensitivity of 112.9~214.3 deg/RIU and 447 nm/RIU is designed based on the proposed structure. The proposed mushroom profile may serve as a powerful sample for the design of optical bio-sensors with a wide range of applications.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.1942-1947
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• 2007

A thermoelectric module can be used for cooling or power generation. The basic requirements to achieve a significant thermoelectric performance are the same for both generators and coolers. Thermoelectric modules with $Bi_2Te_3$ materials are usually employed in the cooling applications below room temperature but it can also be used for the power generation in the similar temperature range. In the present study, the power generation with a $Bi_2Te_3$ thermoelectric module has been investigated. The temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the module is maintained with electric heater and cold water from the circulating water bath. The result shows that the electric current generated increases with temperature difference and decreases with the load resistance. However, the voltage increases with both the temperature difference and load resistance. The electric power increases with temperature difference and it has the maximum value when the load resistance is about 4 ${\Omega}$ for a given device.