• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2012

Objectives: Paeonia japonica has been widely used for gynecopathy and analgesic effects in Korean Traditional Medicine. The aim of the present study is to determine the antioxidant effect of Paeonia japonica extracts(PJE) by using mouse embryonic fibroblast cells(MEF cells). Methods: We evaluated Radical Scavenging Activity of PJE by the DPPH assay. Protective effect of the PJE on the hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) induced oxidative damage of MEF cells was analyzed by the MTT assay. The Morphological changes of MEF cells induced by P. japonica, $H_2O_2$ and P. japonica+$H_2O_2$ was evaluated by DAPI staining. And effect of PJE on the rate of apoptosis in MEF cells was measured using flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining. Results: We observed that PJE contain significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. Cell viability of oxidative damaged cells treated with various concentrations of $H_2O_2$ was increased by treatment with PJE. Flow cytometric analysis of the cells treated with $H_2O_2$ in the absence or presence of PJE showed that the crumbled G1 peak was accumulated by the treatment with $H_2O_2$ alone, but restored by addition of PJE. Portion of cells that undergo apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress was decreased by treatment of PJE. The nuclear fragmentation occurred in the oxidative damaged MEF cells was also decreased by PJE treatment. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that PJE exhibits significant antioxidant activity and functions to inhibit cell death mediated by oxidative damage induced apoptotic pathways.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify Radiosensitivity of proteins in tissues with different radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods: C3H/HeJ mice were exposed to 10 Gy. The mice were sacrifiud 8 hrs after radiation. Their spleen and liver tissues were collected and analyzed histologicaly for apoptosis. The expressions of radiosusceptibillty protein were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Resilts: The Peak of apoptosis levels were $35.3{\pm}1.7{\%}$ in spleen and $0.6{\pm}0.2{\%}$ in liver at 8 hrs after radiation. Liver, radioresistant tissues, showed that the levels of ROS metabolism related to proteins such as cytochromm c, glutathione S transferase, NADH dehydrogenase, riken cDNA and peroxiredoxin Vl increased after radiation. The expression of cytochrome c increased significantly in spleen and liver tissues after radiation. In spleen, radiosensitivity tissue, the identified proteins showed a significantly quantitative alteration following radiation. It was categorized as signal transduction, apoptosis, cytokine, Ca signal related protein, stress-related protein, cytoskeletal regulation, ROS metabolism, and others. Conclusion: Differences of radiation-induced apoptosis by tissues specifted were coupled with the induction of related radiosensitivity and radioresistant proteins. The result suggests that apoptosis relate protein and redox proteins play important roles in this radiosusceptibility.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1997

Total viable cells and lactose non-fermenting cells were counted from animal feedstuffs (n=65). And isolation of Gram negative lactose nonfermenting enterobacteria and antibiotics susceptibility of isolates were performed. 1. The ranges of total viable cells / lactose non-fermenters in animal feedstuffs from Korean cattle were counted as 9$\times$$10^4$-1$\times$$10^7$ / 1$\times$$10^2$-6$\times$$10^3$, milking cow as 1$\times$$10^4$-2$\times$$10^8$ / 2$\times$$10^2$-8$\times$$10^3$, pig as 1$\times$$10^4$-1$\times$$10^6$ / 2$\times$$10^2$-6$\times$$10^3$, and chicken as 7$\times$$10^4$-1$\times$$10^9$ / 4$\times$$10^2$-1$\times$$10^5$ cfu/g, respectively. 2. Among the 214 isolates from feedstufs, 87 from Chinan(n=23), 66 from Changsu (n=23) and 61 from Mooju(n=19) were isolated. Of these isolates, 60 from pigs (n: 19), 51 from milking cows(n=15), 45 from chikens(n=11) and 58 from Korean cattle(20) were isolated. 3. Among the 6 genuses of Gram negative lactose nonfermenting enterobacili, Salmonella sp, Y pseudotuberculosis, Ent agglomerans and Sal choleraesuis were frequently encountered. 4. A majority of isolates were sensitive to 19 antibiotics, singly or in combination. These isolates were completely susceptible to Cp, Gm, Imp and Pi, 93% to Ak and To, 73% to Cax and Ts, 66% to Cft and Tim, 46-53% to Caz, Cf and Cz, 33-40% to Am, Azt, Cfz and Ti, and 6% to Cfx, in order, but not susceptible to Crm. 5. Among the antibiotic resistant strains, a total of 23 resistant patterns was noted, and of these Crm 40(18.7%), Am Cf Cfx Cfz Crm Ti 27(12.6%), each of Azt Ctx Crm and Azt Cax Caz Cft Cfx Crm 22(10.3% ) were frequently encountered.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2015

Cordyceps species including Cordyceps bassiana are a notable anti-cancer dietary supplement. Previously, we identified several compounds with anti-cancer activity from the butanol fraction (Cb-BF) of Cordyceps bassiana. To expand the structural value of Cb-BF-derived anti-cancer drugs, we employed various chemical moieties to produce a novel Cb-BF-derived chemical derivative, KTH-13-amine-monophenyl [4-isopropyl-2-(1-phenylethyl) aniline (KTH-13-AMP)], which we tested for anti-cancer activity. KTH-13-AMP suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and C6 glioma cells. KTH-13-AMP also dose-dependently induced morphological changes in C6 glioma cells and time-dependently increased the level of early apoptotic cells stained with annexin V-FITC. Furthermore, the levels of the active full-length forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased. In contrast, the levels of total forms of caspases-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were decreased in KTH-13-AMP treated-cells. We also confirmed that the phosphorylation of STAT3, Src, and PI3K/p85, which is linked to cell survival, was diminished by treatment with KTH-13-AMP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that this compound can be used to guide the development of an anti-cancer drug or serve as a lead compound in forming another strong anti-proliferative agent.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.470-478
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae) has been used in traditional herbal medicines in Korea and other Asian countries to treat various diseases, including liver disorders. In the present study, the anti-fibrotic effects of O. japonicus extract (OJE) in cellular and experimental hepatofibrotic rat models were investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: An in vitro hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) system was used to estimate cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining techniques, respectively. In addition, thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis was established in Sprague Dawley rats. Briefly, animals were divided into five groups (n = 8): Control, TAA, OJE 10 (TAA with OJE 10 mg/kg), OJE 100 (TAA with OJE 100 mg/kg) and silymarin (TAA with Silymarin 50 mg/kg). Fibrosis was induced by treatment with TAA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) twice per week for 13 weeks, while OJE and silymarin were administered orally two times per week from week 7 to 13. The fibrotic related gene expression serum biomarkers glutathione and hydroxyproline were estimated by RT-PCR and spectrophotometry, respectively, using commercial kits. RESULTS: OJE (0.5 and 0.1 mg/ mL) and silymarin (0.05 mg/mL) treatment significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) induced apoptosis (16.95% and 27.48% for OJE and 25.87% for silymarin, respectively) in HSC-T6 cells when compared with the control group (9.09%). Further, rat primary HSCs showed changes in morphology in response to OJE 0.1 mg/mL treatment. In in vivo studies, OJE (10 and 100 mg/kg) treatment significantly ameliorated TAA-induced alterations in levels of serum biomarkers, fibrotic related gene expression, glutathione, and hydroxyproline (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) and rescued the histopathological changes. CONCLUSIONS: OJE can be developed as a potential agent for the treatment of hepatofibrosis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2017

Smart work is an alternative form to enable seamless business collaboration without time and space limitations using ICT. However, smart work implementation has not produced tangible achievements and sometimes has resulted in failure. This study examined users' resistance against smart work, which is regarded as one of the most important elements for the successful implementation of smart work. The study classified elements which cause users' resistance into the work's innovative characteristics and the user characteristics based on the model of innovation resistance. It also set the degree of freedom in spatial and temporal dimension as moderating factors. This empirical research results showed that low work efficiency, unfavorable evaluation methods, and high degree of satisfaction in the way of working affected smart work users' resistance. In addition, temporal freedom had a moderating effect on the relationship between users' characteristics and their resistance. On the contrary, spatial freedom affected the relationship between their works' innovative characteristics and their resistance. The study results suggest that organizations need to set up business processes and evaluation methods first to adopt Smart work successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.490-496
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• 2013

The board using recycled wood waste chip tends to decrease in terms of physical and mechanical properties. The reasons are notably different shape of chips, components of used adhesive and impurity content, which bring the irregular quality and downgrading of board. More over, the board has higher emissivity of formaldehyde than regular board, because recycled chip contains adhesives that were used to make previous products. This low quality of products weakens the price and quality competitiveness, and it led to bringing the issue of problem in Korean board industry. For these reason, in this study, boards using byproducts of plywood were made to evaluate physical and mechanical properties according to manufacturing conditions. As a result, The board was consists of 4~16 mesh chips for core layer and veneer on both face and they were combined using EMDI, and its' bending strength was 57.7 $N/mm^2$ which is 215% higher than that of OSB (26.8 $N/mm^2$). Moreover, the emissivity of formaldehyde was 0.7 ppm, this board seems to substitute OSB for rated sheathing.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 1993

The aerobic oxidation of the Fe(II) complex of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, [Fe(cyclam)$(CH_3CN)_2](ClO_4)_2$, in MeCN in the presence of a few drops of $HClO_4$ leads to low spin Fe(III) species [Fe(cyclam)$(CH_3CN)_2](ClO_4)_3$. The Fe(III) cyclam complex is further oxidized in the air in the presence of a trace of water to produce the deep green binuclear bismacrocyclic Fe(II) complex $[Fe_2(C_{20}H_{36}N_8)(CH_3CN)_4](ClO_4)_4{\cdot}2CH_3CN$. The Fe(II) ions of the complex are six-coordinated and the bismacrocyclic ligand is extensively unsaturated. $[Fe_2(C_{20}H_{36}N_8)(CH_3CN)_4](ClO_4)_4{\cdot}2CH_3CN$ crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1/n$ with a= 13.099 (1) ${\AA}$, b= 10.930 (1) ${\AA}$, c= 17.859 (1) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}$= 95.315 $(7)^{\circ}$, and Z= 2. The structure was solved by heavy atom methods and refined anisotropically to R values of R= 0.0633 and $R_w$= 0.0702 for 1819 observed reflections with F > $4{\sigma}$ (F) measured with Mo K${\alpha}$ radiation on a CAD-4 diffractometer. The two macrocyclic units are coupled through the bridgehead carbons of ${\beta}$-diimitie moieties by a double bond. The double bonds in each macrocycle unit are localized. The average bond distances of $Fe(II)-N_{imine}$, $Fe(II)-N_{amine}$, and $Fe(II)-N_{MeCN}$ are 1.890 (5), 2.001 (5), and 1.925 (6) ${\AA}$, respectively. The complex is diamagnetic, containing two low spin Fe(II) ions in the molecule. The complex shows extremely intense charge transfer band in the near infrared at 868 nm with ${\varepsilon}$= 25,000 $M^{-1}cm^{-1}$. The complex shows a one-electron oxidation wave at +0.83 volts and two one-electron reduction waves at -0.43 and-0.72 volts vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The complex reacts with carbon monoxide in $MeNO_2$ to form carbonyl adducts, whose $v_{CO}$ value (2010 $cm^{-1}$) indicates the ${\pi}$-accepting property of the present bismacrocyclic ligand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.50-58
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• 2000

Burning rate of the matrix propellant($r_{sb}$) and burning rate along the metal wire($r_w$) were measured and analyzed for the HTPB/AP/Al propellant embedded with Ag wire($\phi$0.15mm) according to weight % of RDX(0~20%). Variation of burning rate increment ratio($r_w$/$r_{sb}$) and pressure exponent(n) was studied for the nitramine propellant having 10% RDX embedded with three kinds of metal(Ag, Cu, and Ni-Cr) of which diameter range is between 0.1~0.6mm. Maximum burning rate increment ratio of the nitramine propellant embedded with Ag wire($\phi$0.1mm) was 5.94 at $20^{\cire}C$, 1000 psia, 16.4% faster than that of HTPB/AP propellant, it is because that autoignition temperature of the nitramine propellant was higher than that of HTPB/AP propellant. Standard deviation of absolute ($r_{wc}$/$r_{we}$)/$r_{we}$ calculated by using new empiracal equation composed of four dimensionless groups, is 6.11% less than that calculated by using original empirical equation composed of three dimensionless group. The new empiracal equation is derived from Buckingham pi theorem using the parameters such as thermal diffusivity, melting temperature. wire diameter, propellant sample diameter, frame temperature, autoignition temperature and matrix burning rate which influence on $r_w$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2015

Background: Sun ginseng (SG), a specific formulation of quality-controlled red ginseng, contains approximately equal amounts of three major ginsenosides (RK1, Rg3, and Rg5), which reportedly has antitumor-promoting activities in animal models. Methods: MTT assay was used to assess whether SG can potentiate the anticancer activity of epirubicin or paclitaxel in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, human colon cancer SW111C cells, and SW480 cells; apoptosis status was analyzed by annexin V-FITC and PI and analyzed by flow cytometry; and apoptosis pathway was studied by analysis of caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation, mitochondrial accumulation of Bax and Bak, and cytochrome c release. Results: SG remarkably enhances cancer cell death induced by epirubicin or paclitaxel in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, human colon cancer SW111C cells, and SW480 cells. Results of the mechanism study highlighted the cooperation between SG and epirubicin or paclitaxel in activating caspase-3 and -9 but not caspase-8. Moreover, SG significantly increased the mitochondrial accumulation of both Bax and Bak triggered by epirubicin or paclitaxel as well as the subsequent release of cytochrome c in the targeted cells. Conclusion: SG significantly potentiated the anticancer activities of epirubicin and paclitaxel in a synergistic manner. These effects were associated with the increased mitochondrial accumulation of both Bax and Bak that led to an enhanced cytochrome c release, caspase-9/-3 activation, and apoptosis. Treating cancer cells by combining epirubicin and paclitaxel with SG may prove to be a novel strategy for enhancing the efficacy of the two drug types.