• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the proximate composition and main nutritive ingredients (vitamin A, $V_A$; vitamin E, $V_E$; cholesterol; the composition of fatty acids) between eels cultured in different domestic eel farms, we analyzed edible parts of eels that were cultured in three "Water Recirculation System (WRS)" farms and three "Still-Water System (SWS)" farms. We found differences in crude protein, crude lipids and the ash content of eel meat between the farms, but water content showed no significant difference. $V_A$ and $V_E$ contents did not show meaningful differences between the two culture methods, but there was a noticeable distinction between the eel farms. In particular, $V_E$ content showed significant differences between the eels of each farm (highest farm, about 25 mg/100 g dry wt; lowest farm, about 1 mg/100 g dry wt). The fatty acids of cultured eels were composed of monoenes (MUFA, 55-60%), saturates (SFA, 30-33%), $\omega$-6 highly unsaturates (HUFA, 1.6-2%) and $\omega$-3 HUFA (8-9.2%). The MUFA content of WRS eels ($59.9{\pm}1.97%$) was higher than that of SWS eels ($55.8{\pm}0.48%$). The contents of other fatty acids were higher in SWS eels (SFA, $33.0{\pm}0.52%$; $\omega$-6FUFA, $1.98{\pm}0.2%$; $\omega$-3 HUFA, $9.2{\pm}0.67%$) than in WRS eels (SFA, $30.5{\pm}1.34%$; $\omega$-6 HUFA, $1.62{\pm}0.19%$; $\omega$-3 HUFA, $8.0{\pm}0.5%$).

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제60권2호
• /
• pp.352-356
• /
• 2011

Transparent conducting oxide films like ITO/Au/ITO and AZO/Au/AZO were fabricated with a sputter at a low-temperature of less then $70^{\circ}C$ and their crystallization and opto-electrical properties were studied. X-ray diffractiometry showed that single-ITO layer was amorphous, whereas, ITO of ITO/Au/ITO multi-layer was crystal. The ITO crystallization and its orientation depended on Au crystallization. Surface roughness of the ITO-multi-layers were in the range of 29-88% of that of ITO-single layer. ITO on amorphous gold layer had more rough surface than ITO on crystal gold. The gold layer between ITO improved electrical conductivity. Carrier density, mobility, resistivity and sheet resistance of ITO-single layer were $2.3{\times}10^{19}/cm^3$, $85{\times}cm^2$/Vs, $31{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$, and $310{\times}{\Omega}/cm^2$, respectively. Those of ITO/Au/ITO-multi-layers depended on Au-interlayer-thickness, which were in the range of $3.6{\times}10^{19}{\sim}4.2{\times}10^{21}/cm^3$, $43{\sim}85cm^2$/Vs, $0.17{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}25{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$, and $1.7{\sim}20{\times}{\Omega}/cm^2$, respectively. The sheet resistances of the single-layer ITO and the multi-layer ITO were 310 and $2.7{\sim}21{\Omega}/cm^2$, respectively. That of AZO/Au/AZO was $8.6{\Omega}/cm^2$, which was better than the single-layer ITO.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.303-308
• /
• 1995

We consider a torus T, that is, a compact surface with genus 1 and $\Omega = D^2 \times S^1$ topologically with $\partial\Omega = T$, where $D^2$ is the open unit disk and $S^1$ is the unit circle. Let $\omega = (x,y)$ denote the generic point on T. For a smooth immersion $u : T \to R^3$, we define the Dirichlet functional by $$ E(u) = \frac{2}{1} \int_{T} $\mid$\nabla u$\mid$^2 d\omega $$ and the volume functional by $$ V(u) = \frac{3}{1} \int_{T} u \cdot u_x \Lambda u_y d\omege $$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제34권7호
• /
• pp.754-761
• /
• 2001

Effects of dietary fatty acids and vitamin E on antioxidant vitamin status were studied in rat brain sections. Sources of dietary fat(10t%) were safflower oil(SO) poor in $\omega$3 fatty acid and mixed oil (MO) with computer-adjustd fatty acid ratios(AA/DHA=1.4, $\omega$6/$\omega$3=6.3, P/M/S=1.0/1.5/1, AA=2.%)with (ME) and without(MO) vitamin E(500mg/kg diet). Rats were fed the three kinds of diet from 3-4 wks prior to the conception. At the age of 3 & 9wks of the 2nd generation rat, antioxidant vitamins were measured in frontal cortex(FC), corpus striatum (CS), cerebellum(CB) and hippocampus(HP) using a multiwavelength, reverse phase gradient HPLC system. The levels of antioxidant vitamins converged to the similar value in all groups at 9 wks of age. Retinol, lycopene and cryptoxanthin levels of all experimental groups were found to be the highest in hippocampus at both 3 & 9wks of age. The levels of vitamin E appeared to be higher in the order of HP>CS-CB>FC in MO & ME. Beta-carotene and retinol showed the lowest level in hippocampus of vitamin E supplemented groups, even though vitamin E level tended to be higher in other sections. It seemed that vitamin E has an inhibitory action on the uptake of beta-carotene or acts as a preferred antioxidant to beta-carotene in certain section of the brain. By improving fatty acid balance (AA/DHA = 1.4, $\omega$6/$\omega$3=6.3, P/M/S=1.0/1.5/1, AA = 2%), the levels of vitamin E, retinol, lycopene & beta=carotene tended to be higher in MO than in SO, although crytoxanthin became lower at 3wks of age. In short, dietary fatty acids and vitamin E have different influence on antioxidant vitamin status in different rat brain sections. The higher levels of antioxidant vitamins in hippocampus should be pursued further in relation to behavioral development of rats.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.367-373
• /
• 2007

[ $In_2O_3-ZnO(IZO)$ ] and $In_2O_3-ZnO-SnO_2(IZTO)$ thin films were prepared on EAGLE 2000 glass webs in a Ar gas by RF-Magnetron sputtering. Electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of the films were investigated. IZO, IZTO film showed excellent optical transmittance of 85 % at the visible $400{\sim}$780 nm wavelength. Electrical properties of IZO film have $6.50{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$ (95 $In_2O_3$ : 5 ZnO wt.%) and $5.20{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$ (90 : 10 wt.%), IZTO film have $8.00{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$ (90 $In_2O_3$ : 3 ZnO : 7 $SnO_2$ wt.%) and $6.50{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$ (90 : 7 : 3 wt.%). Substitution of SnO to ZnO in ITO films showed slightly lower electrical conductivity than ITO film but showed similar optical transmittance.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.263-273
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of individual fatty acid intake and to compare serum lipid levels and total serum fatty acid composition of high school students in Seoul (total : 234 ; male : 91 ; female : 143) In serum lipid levels, total cholesterol (Chol.), HDL-Chol. and LDL-Chol. levels of female students were significantly higher than those of male students and there was no significant difference between High Fish ＆ Low Meat intake (HFLM) and Low Fish ＆ High Meat intake (LFHM) groups. The average fat intake was 22-25 energy % of total subjects and especially, that of LFHM group was 29%, which were over the recommendation level. Although the average P/M/S ratio of dietary fat was 1.1/1.2/1.0, the average range of $\omega6/\omega3$ fatty acid ratio of dietary fat was found to be 17.9-20.7, which was far beyond the suggested range, 4-10. The average intake of cholesterol of total subjects was 360mg. LFHM group had more meats and beverages such as carbonated drinks and tended to have less beans, vegetables and mushrooms. In addition, LFHM group had more energy and fat intake than those of HFLM group, the P/S ratio of dietary fat (0.73) was lower than the recommended ratio. Serum C16 : 0 composition of LFHM group was significantly higher than that of HFLM group, and EPA and DHA composition of HFLM was significantly lower than that of LFHM. Therefore, in HFLM group, the P/S ratio of serum fatty acids was significantly higher and the $\omega6/\omega3$ ratio was lower. Dietary C18 : 0 was negatively correlated with serum EPA and DHA composition. Individual PUFA intake was negatively correlated with serum C16 : 0 and sum of SFA, and positively correlated with serum C18 : $2\omega6(LA)\;,\;sum\;o;\omega6$ and sum of PUFA. Serum C18 : 1, C18 : $3\omega3\; and\; C20\;:\;4\omega6$ (AA) compositions were not correlated with dietary fatty acid. Only serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly correlated with serum fatty acid compositions. Sum of SFA, C14 : 0, C16 : 0, sum of MUFA and C18 : 1 compositions were positively correlated with serum TG levels, but LA, AA, sum of PUFA and P/S ratio were negatively correlated with it.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.282-282
• /
• 2010

결정질 태양전지는 상대적으로 고효율이 보장되며, 낮은 공정 비용 등의 이유로 널리 사용되고 있는 기술이다. 결정질 태양전지의 효율을 증가시키는 공정 방법에는 표면 구조화, 도핑 농도, 반사방지막, 금속전극 형성 등이 있다. 특히, 도핑 공정에서 도핑 농도를 변화시킬 수 있으며, 이에 의하여 면 저항값을 변화 시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 결정질 태양 전지에서 도핑 농도의 조절에 의한 이상적인 sheet resistance를 얻기 위한 실험을 진행하였다. 3개의 실험 set을 두고 각각의 경우를 실험하였다. 본 연구에서는 Pre-deposition과 drive-in 방법을 사용한 doping의 2가지 step으로 실험을 진행하였다. pre-deposition의 시간 condition은 21분으로 하였다. $N_2$ 분위기에서 $O_2$와 $POCl_3$ 의 비율을 각각 100sccm, 200sccm으로 하여 실험을 진행하였다. 변수인 온도의 경우는 각각의 set에 대하여, $830^{\circ}C$, $840^{\circ}C$, $850^{\circ}C$ 로 가변하였다. pre-deposition을 끝낸 뒤, sheet resistance의 값은 각각 $75{\sim}90\;\Omega/square$, $68{\sim}75\;\Omega/square$, $56{\sim}63\;\Omega/square$의 값을 나타내었다. 도핑의 경우에는 drive-in 방법을 사용하였으며, 모든 경우에서 20분에서 $890^{\circ}C$에서 진행하였다. 최종 sheet resistance의 값은 각각의 경우 최대 $33\;\Omega/square$, $34\;\Omega/square$, $30\;\Omega/square$의 값을 나타내었다. $40{\sim}45\;\Omega/square$ 정도의 sheet resistance가 많은 연구에서 이상적인 sheet resistance로 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서 두 번째 조건이 이상적인 sheet resistance에 가장 접근 하였음을 확인 할 수 있다.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.495-505
• /
• 1996

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $R^d, d \geq 1$, with smooth boundary $\partial\Omega$, and let $0 < T < \infty$ be given.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국영양학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 초록
• /
• pp.55-55
• /
• 1996

• 대한지역사회영양학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한지역사회영양학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 및 공청회
• /
• pp.966-966
• /
• 2002