• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2013

We report our experience with two cases of situs inversus totalis, both involving patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. These were a 52-year-old male with a preoperative staging of cT1bN0M0 and a 68-year-old male with a staging of cT2N0M0, both of whom underwent surgery. The former was found to have vascular anomalies in the preoperative computed tomography, so we performed a computed tomography angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with Billroth I anastomosis was performed with D1+ lymph node dissection, and a small laparotomy was made for extracorporeal anastomosis. In contrast, the latter case showed no vascular anomalies in the preoperative computed tomography, and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with delta anastomosis was performed with D1+ lymph node dissection. There were no intraoperative problems in either patient and they were discharged without postoperative complications. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (pT2N0M0) and a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (pT1aN0M0), respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2003

The mechanism of the decomposition of a bronchodilator, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) by a bronchoconstrictor, aqueous sulfite, has been investigated in detail. The decomposition was studied using a conventional spectrophotometer at 336 nm over the ranges: 0.010 ≤ $[S^{IV}]_T$ ≤ 0.045 mol $dm^{-3}$, 3.96 ≤ pH ≤ 6.80 and 15.0 ≤ θ≤ 30.0 ℃, 0.60 ≤ I ≤ 1.00 mol $dm^{-3}$, and at ionic strength 1.00 mol $dm^{-3}$ (NaCl). The rate of reaction is dependent on the total sulfite concentration and pH in a complex manner, i.e., $k_{obs}\;=\;k_1K_2[S^{IV}]_T/ ([H^+]\;+\;K_2)$. At 25.0 ℃, the second order rate constant, $k_1$, was determined as $12.5\;{\pm}\;0.15\;mol^{-1}\;dm^3\;s^{-1}$. ${\Delta}H^{neq}\;=\;+32\;{\pm}\;3 kJ\;mol^{-1}\;and\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}\;=\;-138\;{\pm}\;13\;J\;mol^{-1}K^{-1}$. The N-nitrosohydroxylamine-N-sulfonate ion was detected as an intermediate before the formation of any of the by-products, namely, N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine. The effect of concentration of aqueous copper(Ⅱ) ions on this reaction was also examined at pH 4.75, but there was no dependence on $[Cu^{2+}]$. In addition, the $pK_a$ of SNAP was determined as 3.51 ± 0.06 at 25.4 ℃ [I = 1.0 mol $dm^{-3}$ (NaCl)].

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.799-809
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• 2006

Hydrobromic acid salts of new N, N, O tridentate ligands containing phenol, 2-[(2-Methylamino- ethyl- amino)-methyl]-phenol(H-MMP. 2HBr), 5-Bromo-2-[(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol (Br- MMP. 2HBr), 5-Chloro-2-[(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol(Cl-MMP. 2HBr), 5-Methyl-2-[(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol(Me-MMP. 2HBr), 5-Methoxy-2-I(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)- methyl]-phenol(MeO- MMP. 2HBr) and. 1-[(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)- methyl]-naphthalen-2-ol(Nap- MMP. 2HBr) were synthesized. The synthesized ligands were confirmed by C. H. N. atomic analysis, UV-visible and IR spectroscopies, $^1$H NMR, $^{13}$C NMR and mass analysis. The potentiometry study revealed that the proton dissociation constants(logK$_n^H$) of the synthesized ligands and stability constants (logK$_{ML}$, logK$_{LM2}$) of transition metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions occurred in three steps and the order of the calculated overall proton dissociation constants(log$\beta_p$) and stability constants (logK$_{ML}$) of ligands was Br-MMP. 2HBr < Cl-MMP 2HBr < H-MMP. 2HBr < Nap-MMP. 2HBr < Me-MMP. 2HBr < MeO-MMP. 2HBr. The order showed a similar trend to that of Hammett substituent constants($\delta_p$). The synthesized ligands usually form 2:1(ML$_2$) complexes with transition metal ions. The order of the stability constants of each transition metal ions was Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) ;> Zn(II) ;> Cd(II) ;> Pb(II).

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

Since the discovery of fullerenes as a class of nanostructure compounds, many potential applications have been suggested for their unusual structures and properties. The isolated pentagon rule (IPR) states that all pentagonal carbon rings are isolated in the most stable fullerene. Fullerenes $C_n$ are a class of spherical carbon allotrope group with unique properties. Electron transfer between fullerenes and other molecules is thought to involve the transfer of electrons between the molecules surrounding the fullerene cage. One class of electron transfer molecules is the methanofullerene derivatives ([6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-[6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (p-EHO-PCBM), and 4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-[6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid (p-EHO-PCBA), 10-12). It has been determined that $C_{60}$ does not obey IPR. Supramolecular complexes 1-9 and 10-12 are shown to possess a previously unreported host.guest interaction for electron transfer processes. The unsaturated, cis-geometry, thiocrown ethers, (1-9) (described as [X-UT-Y], where X and Y indicate the numbers of carbon and sulfur atoms, respectively), are a group of crown ethers that display interesting physiochemical properties in the light of their conformational restriction compared with a corresponding saturated system, as well as the sizes of their cavities. Topological indices have been successfully used to construct mathematical methods that relate structural data to various chemical and physical properties. To establish a good relationship between the structures of 1-9 with 10-12, a new index is introduced, ${\mu}_{cs}$. This index is the ratio of the sum of the number of carbon atoms ($n_c$) and the number of sulfur atoms ($n_s$) to the product of these two numbers for 1-9. In this study, the relationships between this index and oxidation potential ($^{ox}E_1$) of 1-9, as well as the first to third free energies of electron transfer (${\Delta}G_{et(n)}$, for n = 1-3, which is given by the Rehm-Weller equation) between 1-9 and PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA (10-12) as [X-UT-Y]@R(where R is the adduct PCBM, p-EHO-PCBM, and p-EHO-PCBA group) (13-15) supramolecular complexes are presented and investigated.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.38-51
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• 2016

This study reports on human dietary reconstruction of Joseon Dynasty using stable isotope analysis. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values were measured of bone collagen extracted from 25 human bones from archaeological site in Myeongam-ri, Asan. Average values of ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ are $-19.7{\pm}0.5$‰(n=23) and $9.6{\pm}1.1$‰(n=23), respectively. The isotopic data indicates that Myeongam-ri individuals consumed $C_3$ plants mainly and assumed of dietary resourced from a terrestrial animal protein. Previous isotopic studies of the Joseon era suggested that dietary composition of Joseon population was not influenced by region and burial type. Also comparison of the isotopic results of male and female from double burials showed sex-dependent dietary patterns among individuals living in the same circumstances.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.687-700
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• 2011

A new $N_3-O_2$ pentadentate ligand, H-BHPT, was synthesized. Hydrochloric acid salts of Br-BHPT, Cl-BHPT, $CH_3O$-BHPT and $CH_3$-BHPT, having Br-, Cl-, $CH_{3-}$ and $CH_3O-$ substituents at the para position of the phenol hydroxyl group of H-BHPT were synthesized. Hydrochloric acid salts of 3OH-BHPT and 4OH-BHPT, having different position of the phenol hydroxyl group of H-BHPT were also synthesized. The synthesis of each ligand was confirmed by C. H. N. atomic analysis and $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, UV-visible, and mass spectra. The calculated proton dissociation constants ($log{K_n}^H$) of the phenol hydroxyl group and secondary amine group of the synthesized $N_3-O_2$ ligands showed five steps of the proton dissociations. The order of the overall proton dissociation constants ($log{\beta}_p$) of the ligands was Br-BHPT < Cl-BHPT < H-BHPT < $CH_3O$-BHPT < $CH_3$-BHPT. The order agreed with that of Hammett substituent constants (${\delta}_p$). However, dissociation steps of 3OH-BHPT were four and that of 4OH-BHPT was three. The calculated stability constants ($logK_{ML}$) between the ligands and transition metal ions agreed with the order of $log{\beta}_p$ values of the ligands. The order of the stability constants between the transition metal ions with the synthesized ligands was Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II). The order agreed well with that of the Iriving-Williams.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.421-435
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• 2012

Novel $N_2O_2$ tetradentate ligands, H-3BPD and H-2BPD were synthesized. Hydrochloric acid salts of Br-3BPD, Cl-3BPD, Br-2BPD and Cl-2BPD having Br and Cl substituents at the $para$ position of the phenol hydroxyl group, were synthesized. The ligands were characterized by C. H. N atomic analysis, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, UV-visible, and mass spectra. The proton dissociation constants ($logK_n{^H}$) of the phenol hydroxyl group and secondary amine of the synthesized $N_2O_2$ ligands were shown by four step wise values. The orders of the calculated overall proton dissociation constants ($log{\beta}_p$) were Br-3BPD < Cl-3BPD < H-3BPD in case of 3BPD and Br-2BPD < Cl-2BPD < H-2BPD in case of 2BPD respectively. The order agreed well with that of $para$ Hammett substituent constants(${\delta}_p$). The stability constants($logK_{ML}$) of the complexes between the synthesized ligands and transition metal(II) ions agreed with the order of $log{\beta}_p$ of the ligands. The order of the $logK_{ML}$ value of the each transition metal (II) ion was Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II), which agreed well with that of Iriving-Williams series.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.926-936
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• 2003

Overexpression of human Bcl-2 protein in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing humanized antibody (SH2-0.32) considerably suppressed sodium butyrate (NaBu)-induced apoptosis during batch culture by using commercially available serum-free medium, which extended the culture longevity. Due to the extended culture longevity provided by the anti-apoptotic effect of Bcl-2 overexpression, the final antibody concentration of 14C6-bcl-2 culture (Bcl-2 high producer, $23\;\mu\textrm{g}\;ml^{-1}$) was 2 times higher than that of the $SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$ culture (cells transfected with bcl-2-deficient plasmid, $10.5\;\mu\textrm{g}\;ml^{-1}$) in the presence of NaBu. To determine the effect of NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression on the molecular integrity of protein products, antibodies purified from 14C6-bcl-2 and $SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$ cultures in the presence of NaBu were characterized by using various molecular assay systems. For comparison, antibody purified from the parental rCHO cell culture (SH2-0.32) in the absence of NaBu was also characterized. No significant changes in molecular weight of antibodies could be observed by SDS-PAGE. From GlycoSep-N column analysis, it was found that the core oligosaccharide structure ($GlcNAc_2Man_3GlcNAc_2$) was not affected by NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression, while the microheterogeneity of N-linked oligosaccharide structure was slightly affected. Compared with the antibody produced in the absence of NaBu, the proportion of neutral oligosaccharides was increased from 10% (14C6-bcl-2) to 16% ($SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$) in the presence of NaBu, which was accompanied by the reduced proportion of acidic oligosaccharides, especially of monosialylated and disialylated forms. The changes in microheterogeneous oligoformal structures of antibody in turn affected the mobility of antibody isoforms in isoelectric focusing (IEF), resulting in the occurrence of some more basic antibody isoforms produced in the presence of NaBu. However, the antigen-antibody binding properties were not changed by alteration of glycosylation pattern. The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the antibody produced by NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression maintained its antigen-antibody binding properties with binding affinity of about $2.5{\times}10^9{\;}M^{-1}$. Taken together, no significant effects of NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression on the molecular integrity of antibodies, produced by using serum-free medium, could be observed by the molecular assay systems.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 2017

Poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) homopolymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) homopolymer, and PVK-b-PVP block copolymer were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the polymers were used to prepare non-aqueous graphene dispersions with four different solvents, ethanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dichloromethane (DCM), and tetrahydrofuran (THF). $^1H-$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out to confirm the chemical structure of the polymers. Stability of graphene dispersions was measured by on-line turbidity measurement. Time-dependent Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) values were interpreted in terms of surface tension (${\sigma}$) and solubility parameter (${\delta}$) among solvents, polymers, and graphene. It was confirmed that the solubilities of polymer and surface tension between solvent and graphene affected the dispersion stability of graphene. PVK-b-PVP block copolymer could effectively maintain the low TSI values of graphene dispersions in ethanol and THF, which have been known as poor solvents for graphene dispersions. It can also be noted that DCM shows good dispersion stability comparable to NMP, which has been known as the best solvent for graphene dispersion.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 1998

A novel in situ-gelling and mucoadhesive acetaminophen liquid suppository was developed to improve the patient compliance of conventional solid suppository. In this study, acetaminophen liquid suppository, Likipe $n_{R}$, ［aminophen/Poloxamer 407/Poloxamer 188/so4ium alginate (5/15/19/0.6%)] with relation temperature at 30-36 "C and suitable gel strength and bioadhesive force, dissolution pattern similar to conventional solid type suppository, Suspe $n_{R}$, was developed. Furthermore, the bioequivalence of two acetaminophen products was evaluated in 16 normal male volunteers (age 22-27 yr, body weight 56-72 kg) following sidle rectal administration. Test product was Likipe $n_{R}$ suppository (Dong-Wha Pharm. Corp., Korea)and reference product was Suspe $n_{R}$204-212 suppository (Hanmi Pharm. Corp., Korea). Both products contain 125 mg of acetaminophen. Four Suppositories of the test and the reference product were administered to the volunteers, respectively, by randomized two period cross-over study (2$\times$2 Latin square method). The determination of acetaminophen was accomplished using HPLC. Average drug concentrations at each sampling time and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were not significantly different between two products (p>0.05); the area under the curve to last sampling time (24 hr) (AU $Co_{-2}$4h/) (30.14$\pm$8.64 vs 27.98$\pm$ 6.53 $\mu$g .h/ml), maximum plasma concentration ( $C_{max}$) (3.29$\pm$0.87 vs 3.60$\pm$0.66 $\mu$g/ml) and time to maximum plasma concentration ( $T_{max}$) (2.91 $\pm$0.55 vs 2.69$\pm$0.60 h). The differences of mean AUCo $_{24h}$, C-a. and T-between the two products (7.18%, 9.58% and 7.53%, respectively) were less than 20%. The power (1-7) and treatment difference ($\Delta$) for AU $Co_{24h}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were more than 0.8 and less than 0.2, respectively at $\alpha$=0.1. The confidence limits for AU $Co_{24h}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ (-0.81 ~13.55%, -1.56~ 17.60 and -3.81 ~18.87%, respectively) were less than $\pm$ 20% at $\alpha$=0.1. These results suggest that the bioavailability of Likipe $n_{R}$ suppository is not significantly different from that of Suspe $n_{R}$ suppsitory. Therefore, two products are bio-equivalent based on the current results.results.lts.sults.results.lts.