• 공업화학
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.620-625
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• 2018

SLES를 주성분으로 사용한 액체세정제는 공기 중에 노출하여 방치하는 경우 표면에 피막이 형성되는 경우가 있다. 이는 제형 중의 수분이 증발하면서 세정제 주성분인 계면활성제의 농도변화로 인한 미셀의 상변화로 판단된다. SLES는 30~60% 영역에서 강한 육방정계 액정상이 나타나고, 60% 이상에서는 라멜라 액정상을 보인다. 본 연구에서는 SLES 주성분으로 사용된 액체세정제의 표면 겔링 현상은 내용물에서 수분 증발로 인하여 발생하는 현상이다. 액체세정제에서 수분이 증발되면서 계면활성제의 농도가 높아지는 결과였다. 표면 겔링 상태는 편광현미경으로 관찰한 결과 혼합 계면활성제 시스템의 액정상으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 SLES를 주성분으로 사용하는 처방에서 겔링 필름 형성을 방지하기 위하여 수용성이 좋은 AOS를 증량하고 액정형성을 방지할 수 있는 이차 계면활성제인 SAS를 도입하고, 하이드로트로프로 SXS와 PEG1500을 적용하였다. 이와 같이 개선된 액체세정제 처방4와 5는 공기 중에 노출되어도 표면에 피막이 형성되는 겔링현상을 방지할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2015

The effects of dietary supplementation of processed sulfur in pigs according to the level provided during the fattening phase were examined. The pigs were divided into three groups: control (CON), non-sulfur fed pigs; T1, 0.1% processed sulfur fed pigs; T2, 0.3% processed sulfur fed pigs. Physicochemical and sensory properties, as well as meat quality and oxidative stability of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were investigated. The feeding of processed sulfur did not affect moisture and protein contents (p>0.05). However, the crude fat content of T2 was significantly decreased compared to CON (p<0.05), while the pH value of T2 was significantly higher than those of both CON and T1 (p<0.05). Cooking loss and expressible drip of T2 were also significantly lower than that of CON (p<0.05). The redness of meat from T1 was significantly higher than both CON and T2 (p<0.01). During storage, lipid oxidation of the meat from sulfur fed pigs (T1 and T2) was inhibited compared to CON. Examination of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids revealed T2 to have significantly higher content than CON (p<0.05). In the sensory test, the juiciness and overall acceptability of T2 recorded higher scores than CON. This study demonstrated that meat from 0.3% processed sulfur fed pigs had improved nutrition and quality, with extended shelf-life.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2010

This study aims to reveal how EA affects BAX and NF-kB involved in cell deaths from global ischemia, and to do this, observes the changes of BAX and NF-kB caused by EA application after transient global ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply EA to 27 SD rats with the particulars of being six-week-old, male, around-300 gram-weighing, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 EA group(n=9), L14 EA group(n=9), no-treatment GI group(n=9), and then observe their changes of BAX and NF-kB at the time lapse of 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours after ischemia, using western blotting. The numerical decrease of BAX expression at the time lapse of 9 hours after EA application, though not statistically significant, was observed in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, and the NF-kB expression appeared statistically significant decrease in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, but the expression was higher in the group with EA application. Therefore, EA application at the early phase of global ischemia is considered to affect BAX and NF-kB and play a positive role in decreasing apoptosis and cell deaths by inflammation.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1997

This study was performed to analyze the purity of technical grade ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine, to establish optimal analytical condition of ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine in urine and to determine the urine sample of workers exposed to ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine. The purity of technical grade ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine were $96.5{\pm}2.38%$, $94.1{\pm}0.97%$, $97.0{\pm}0.02%$ by gas chromatography-mass selective detector. To analyze ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine in urine, high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector and gas chromatography-electron capture detector operating conditions have been optimized by preliminary expriment. In high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector, the mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile(35%) and water(65%), and the flow rate was maintained at 1.0ml per minute. Optimal detective condition was 9.0V(10nA/V) of electrochemical detector. The recovery of sep-pak treatment method was highly estimated as pretreatment of ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine in urine. The free amine was isolated by gas chromatography-electron capture detector after basic hydrosis, sep-pak treatment, toluene elution and HFBA(heptafluoro-butyric anhydride) derivatization of urine. The recovery of ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine in urine was $98.73{\pm}3.29%$ by gas chromatography-electron capture detector. The sensitivity was more higher than that of high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector. Urinary ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine was detected in only one worker among nine workers. The level of ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine in urine was 6.42 ng/ml.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

We developed the Eco medium for Escherichia coli and total coliforms, which was modified by Violet Red Bile (VRB) medium, and derived the standard curve of exponential phase at $OD_{410}$ by using type strains such as E. coli ATCC11303, Enterobacter cloacae KCTC2361, Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC2241, and Citrobacter freundii KCTC2359. Also, we used total 93 samples of spring and stream water to compare the detection ability of total coliforms between the method using Eco medium and such as most probable number (MPN), and plate count methods. As a result, the qualitative analysis of E. coli and total coliforms using Eco medium contained ortho-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-galactoside (ONPG) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-$\beta$-D-glucuronide (MUG) was same as those of Korean standard methods (Colilert kit). And the colony forming unit (CFU) detected in Eco medium was similar to those of result from MPN and plate count methods. Moreover, the agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the developed kit was more than 97.5% in comparison with Colilert kit for 350 samples. Thus, the Eco medium can be used both qualitative and quantitative analysis of E. coli and total coliforms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.677-682
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• 2014

Resveratrol has been examined in several model systems for potential effects against cancer. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to suppress proliferation in most eukaryocyte cells. Whether resveratrol via AMPK inhibits proliferation of oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells (OAC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of AMPK in the protective effects of resveratrol in OAC proliferation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of cultured OAC derived from human subjects or cell lines with resveratrol resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Further, inhibition of AMPK by pharmacological reagent or genetical approach abolished resveratrol-suppressed OAC proliferation, reduced the level of $p27^{Kip1}$, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and increased the levels of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) of $p27^{Kip1}$-E3 ubiquitin ligase and 26S proteasome activity reduced by resveratrol. Furthermore, gene silencing of $p27^{Kip1}$ reversed resveratrol-suppressed OAC proliferation. In conclusion, these findings indicate that resveratrol inhibits Skp2-mediated ubiquitylation and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of $p27^{Kip1}$ via AMPK activation to suppress OAC proliferation.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.112-131
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to know experiences and process of patients' healing relation with nurses. This study had been conducted from July to September in 1994. The subjects were 7 patients who had hospitalized within 10 days at general surgery unit in C university hospital. The data were collected through in-depth interview and observation on the basis of Grounded Theory. In-depth interview were performed 3-6 times for each patient and taken 10-15 minutes at once. The result were as follows : (1) The main concepts are worry to operation, worry to hospital environment, worry to their children, worry to nurses, general appraisal, appraisal of appearance, appraisal of attitude, appraisal of nurses' response, appraisal of nurses' help, interest to patients, appraisal of explanation, appraisal of direct nursing, appraisal of nursing role, appraisal of nursing fairness, empathy, feeling of jung, discontent exposure, content, rapport. (Jung is a unique feeling that appeared in only korean culture) (2) The main categories are worry, general appraisal, concrete appraisal, empathy, and rapport. (3) These process is worry, appraisal, empathy, and rapport in the order. (4) The core category is the need of relation formation. The hospitalized patients have had need of relation formation with nurses. In order to satisfy this need, patients in the early of hospitalization had the worries to nurses, hospital environment, their children and themselves. The more patients have information about themselves, the more they have worries. In addition to, patients have general appraisal through the first impression or feeling to nurses. A time goes by, general appraisal has changed concrete appraisal. High educated group (above bachelor degree) have expressed concretely and variousely their needs. The patients who have empathy to nurses are content with nurses and form rapport to be shown frankly thier discontents. Therefore, patients' healing relation formation is the process of being filled up the need of relation formaton with Nurses. As mentioned above, researcher suggests that nurses need study nursing strategies to make earlier the last phase of the healing relation formation, rapport.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.320-326
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• 1996

To analyze the effects of host versus plasmid on survival of 2, 4-degrading bacteria in environmental samples, strains Pseudomonas cepacia/pJP4, Alcaligenes JMP228/pJP4, P. cepacia/p712, and Alcaligenes JMP228/p712 were separately inoculated into samples of field soil, paddy soil, lake water, and river water, and then the changes of their populations were measured. The strains used contained a 2, 4-D degradative plasmid, either pJP4 conferring fast-growing property to the host or p712 conferring slow-growing property, and were resistant to antibiotics such that the inoculated strains could be enumerated against the indigenous microbial populations. In sterile environmental samples, these strains were stably maintained at the levels used for inoculation, except in sterile paddy soil where Alcaligenes JMP228 strains died drapidly. In natural soil samples for four strains declined steadily with time, but in naturla water samples their polulations fell rapidly at the early phase and then remained almost constant. When the environmentla samples were treated with 2, 4-D, P. cepacia/pJP4 and P. cepacia/p712 maintained significant numbers, while Alcaligenes JMP228/pJP4 and Alcaligenes JMP228/p712 declined significantly in most of the samples. The results indicated that the survivability of genetically modified microorganisms could vary depending on the environments and that their abundance in the environments under s2, 4-D selection was markedly influenced by the nature of the 2, 4-D degradative plasmid as well as type of the host strain.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.1067-1073
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• 1998

CO와 $H_2$의 탄소원을 사용한 마이크로파 플라즈마 화학기상증착 방법으로 SOD 구조에 적용될 양질의 다이아몬드 박막을 형성하였고, SOD 구조를 형성하기 위해 diamond/Si(100) 구조 위에 poly-Si 박막을 저압화학기상 증착법으로 제작하였다. CO/$H_2$탄소원의 유량비 증가에 따라 다이아몬드의 결정은 octahedron 구조에서 cubo-octahedron 구조로 바뀌었으며, 결정면은 {111}과 {100}으로 혼합되어 형성되었다. 비정질 carbon과 non-diamond성분이 없는 양질의 다이아몬드 박막은 CO/$H_2$의 유량비가 0.18일 때 형성되었으며, 주 결정상은 (111) 면이었다. diamond/Si(100) 계면은 void가 없는 평활한 계면을 이루었으며, 다이아몬드 박막의 유전상수, 누설전류와 비저항은 각각 $5.31\times10^{-9}A/cm^2$ 그리고 $9\times{10^7}{\Omega}cm$이었다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.1556-1562
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• 1999

융통성 있는 소프트웨어 개발을 위해 많은 객체지향방법론들이 제공되어 지고 있으나, 이러한 객체지향방법론들은 자동적으로 재사용을 제공하거나 건실한 소프트웨어 시스템을 만들지 못하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 객체지향 방법론들은 개발자에게 상세한 설계지침을 제공하지 못하고 있으며, 분석·설계자들로 이런 문제점들을 인정하고 방법론들을 향상시켜 나가려고 노력하고 있다. 이와 같이 분석·설계자들의 노력을 줄여 주면서 설계단계의 정보를 재사용할 수 있도록 제공하고자 하는 것이 설계패턴의 개념이며, 이러한 설계패턴과 객체지향 방법론은 상호 보완적인 관계를 가지면서 시스템을 개발하는데 유용한 설계 길잡이의 역할을 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 객체지향 방법론 중에서 가장 많이 다루어지고 있는 OMT 방법론과 Gamma가 제안한 설계패턴 중 Facade, Mediator, Observer의 세 가지 설계패턴에 대한 상호작용을 보여주고, OMT방법론 내에 설계패턴을 적용함으로써 구체적인 설계지식과 재사용에 대한 명확한 해법을 제안한다.