• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1271-1276
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• 2009

Unlike the traditional preparation method for Chungkukjang, we prepared Dua-Chungkukjang with soybean fermented at $40^{\circ}C$ after the soaking, germination and steaming process, and we studied the physico-chemical characteristics of Dua-Chungkukjang. Reducing sugar content in both traditional Chungkukjang and Dua-Chungkukjang increased sharply after 10 hr of fermentation, but it decreased slightly after that. Total nitrogen content in both traditional Chungkukjang and Dua-Chungkukjang increased slowly as fermentation took place. Total nitrogen content reached 3,500 mg% and 3,700 mg%, and soluble nitrogen compound reached 750 mg% and 1,800 mg% after 40 hr of fermentation, respectively. $\beta$-Glucosidase activity increased continuously as fermentation took place, and it reached 193, 223, 235 and 248 units in Dua-Chungkukjang while it reached 125, 178, 205 and 214 units in traditional Chungkukjang after 10 hr, 20 hr, 30 hr and 40 hr of fermentation. This means that $\beta$-Glucosidase activity in Dua-Chungkukjang was $1.2{\sim}1.5$ times higher than that in the control treatment, traditional Chungkukjang. Total isoflavone content was $101.44{\mu}g$/g and $365.92{\mu}g$/g for 10 hr of fermentation, and $225.98{\mu}g$/g and $441.37{\mu}g$/g for 40 hr in traditional Chungkukjang and Dua-Chungkukjang, respectively. Isoflavone content of Dua-Chungkukjang was 2-3.5 times higher than that of traditional Chungkukjang. Anthocyanin content also increased continuously as fermentation took place, and it reached 5.0 mg/g and 6.9 mg/g in traditional Chungkukjang and Dua-Chungkukjang after 40 hr of fermentation, respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.540-547
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• 2011

High consumption of fruits and vegetables has been suggested to provide some protection to smokers who are exposed to an increased risk of numerous cancers and other degenerative diseases. Carrot is the most important source of dietary ${\beta}$-carotene. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether carrot juice supplementation to smokers can protect against lymphocyte DNA damage and to compare the effect of supplementationof capsules containing purified ${\beta}$-carotene or a placebo (simple lactose). The study was conducted in a randomized and placebo-controlled design. After a depletion period of 14 days, 48 smokers were supplemented with either carrot juice (n = 18), purified ${\beta}$-carotene (n = 16) or placebo (n = 14). Each group was supplemented for 8 weeks with approximately 20.49 mg of ${\beta}$-carotene/day and 1.2 mg of vitamin C/day, as carrot juice (300 ml/day) or purified ${\beta}$-carotene (20.49 mg of ${\beta}$-carotene, 1 capsule/day). Lymphocyte DNA damage was determined using the COMET assay under alkaline conditions and damage was quantified by measuring tail moment (TM), tail length (TL), and% DNA in the tail. Lymphocyte DNA damage was significantly decreased in the carrot juice group in all three measurements. The group that received purified ${\beta}$-carotene also showed a significant decrease in lymphocyte DNA damage in all three measurements. However, no significant changes in DNA damage was observed for the placebo group except TM (P = 0.016). Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme was not significantly changed after supplementation. Similarly plasma lipid profiles were not different after carrot juice, ${\beta}$-carotene and placebo supplementation. These results suggest that while the placebo group failed to show any protective effect, carrot juice containing beta-carotene or purified ${\beta}$-carotene itself had great antioxidative potential in preventing damage to lymphocyte DNA in smokers.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 2003

Hardened cement pastes of OPC which contains 10 wt% CSA type expansive additives were immersed in aqueous solution of 10 wt% MgS $O_4$.7$H_2O$ and then investigated by compressive strength, XRD. SEM and DSC etc.. According to the results including the hydration products and the microstructure of the hardened paste, the case of CSA type expansive additives［No. 6(C/(equation omitted) : 2.29, A/(equation omitted) : 0.16)] prepared from raw materials increased the resistance to $Mg^{2＋}$, S $O_4$$^{2-}$ ion diffusion than that of OPC paste due to the densification by the formation of fine ettringite in the first stage and the hydrates according to $\beta$-C$_2$S hydration in the late period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 1972

Fifteen cases of primiparas and their offsprings (fetal cord) were investigated with regard their serum total, free and esterified cholesterol by means of Liberman Buchard reaction. The serum ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}-lipoprotein$ were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and the serum atherolipid numbers were calculated on the bases of the serum total cholesterol and ${\beta}-/{\alpha}-$ lipoprotein ratio, with the following conclusion. 1.Total, free and esterified cholesterol are $178.9{\pm}25.3$, $45.1{\pm}12.6$ and $133.7{\pm}20.6\;mg.%$ in the normal control women, $201.5{\pm}29.5,\;58.7{\pm}42.1$ and $157.1{\pm}26.2\;mg.%$ in the maternal blood, showing hypercholesterolemia in the latter as compared to the former. 2. The serum total, free and esterified cholesterol in the cord blood are $94.5{\pm}20.4$, $32.9{\pm}1.5$ and $61.2{\pm}18.9mg.%$, showing hypocholesterolemia as compared to the control women and maternal blood. 3. The serum ${\alpha}-$, $pre-{\beta}$, ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ and chylomicron are $24.2{\pm}4.2$, $17.3{\pm}3.4$, $51.8{\pm}4.8$ and $6.0{\pm}1.6%$ in the normal women, whereas $14.9{\pm}2.1$, $22.2{\pm}5.1$, $58.7{\pm}3.3 and 3.1{\pm}1.2%$ in the maternal serum, $32.4{\pm}8.1$, $28.8{\pm}2.4$, $25.8{\pm}7.0$ and $3.1{\pm}0.9%$ in the cord serum, showing $hyper-{\beta}-lipoproteinemia$ in the former and $hypo-{\beta}-lipoproteinemia$ in the latter. 4. The serum atherolipid number of the normal control women, maternal cord blood are $4.21{\pm}1.24$, $8.02{\pm}1.42$ and $1.12{\pm}0.37$, showing hyperlipemia in the former and hypolipemia in latter. 5. The relative ratio of the serum free and esterified cholestrol of both normal control women and maternal blood is about 1 : 3, while that of the fetal blood about 1 : 2. 6. The relative ratioes of the serum ${\alpha}-and$ ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ in the control women is about 1 : 2, that of materna blood about 1 : 3 and that of the fetal blood about equal magnitude. 7. The serum esterified cholesterol, ${\alpha}-lipoprotein,\;{\beta}-/{\alpha}-lipoprotein$ ratio and atherolipid number fluctuates are proportionally between the maternal and fetal blood, while the serum free, total cholesterol and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ between the two vary inversely with statistically significant corelations. 8. It is apparent from the above results that the fetal nutritional demand for lipids resulted from hypocholesterolemia and hypo ${\beta}-lipoproteinemia$ seems to be met satisfactorily by maternal hypercholesterolemia and hyper ${\beta}-lipoproteinemia$, which seems to pose a significant maternal-infant nutritional relationship. A brief ciscussion was made on these conciusion in the light of biochemistry and endocrinology.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 1983

In order to enhance the rate of th nitridation and to give the high density of reaction-bonded silicon nitride MgO powder as nitriding aid were added to silicon powders and the mixture was pressed isostatically into compacts which were nitrided in the furnace of 1, 35$0^{\circ}C$ where 95% $N_2$-5% $H_2$ gases were flowing. As the other nitriding aid $Mg(NO_3)_2 6H_2O$ was selected, A slip made of magnesium nitrate solution and fine silicon particles was spray-dried and then decomposed at 30$0^{\circ}C$. Magnesium oxide-coated silicon powders were formed into compacts prior to the nitridation on the same condition as the former. Magnesium nitrate (MgO, produced from the decomposition of magnesium nitrate) was more effective for the formation of the $\beta$-phase in the initial stage of the nitridation probably due to the easy formation of $MgO-SiO_2$-metal oxide eutectic melt. It has been confirmed that forsterite was formed as a result of the reaction between MgO and $SiO_2$ film of silicon surface. It was considered that MgO produced from magnesium nitrate may be finer more reactive and more uniformly distributed on the surface of silicon particles than original MgO. The higher the forming pressure was the more the $\beta$-phase was formed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.204-212
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• 1987

Rifampicin is an indispensable drug along with isoniazid for the control of tuberculosis and is usually prescribed as the combination of rifampicin and isoniazid. This paper is attemtped to investigate the interaction of rifampicin and isoniazid. Isoniazid was administered orally at a dose of 30mg/kg of rabbits pretreated with rifampicin 7.5mg/kg, 15mg/kg, and 30mg/kg, respectively twice daily for 9 days. The results are as follows: The blood level and relative bioavailability of isoniazid were decreased significantly (p<0.05) by rifampicin at a dose of 15mg/kg and 30mg/kg. The renal clearance of total isoniazid and ratio of its metabolites to isoniazid were increased significantly (p<0.05) by rifampicin at a dose of 15mg/kg and 30mg/kg. It seemed to be due to enzyme induction by rifampicin. Elimination rate constant ($\beta$) of isoniazid was increased and half life ($t_{1/2$\beta}$) was decreased by rifampicin pretreatment. Dosage regimen of isoniazid after long term administration of rifampicin should be adjusted carefully.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.591-595
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• 2001

The antioxidant and synergistic effects of sesame oil cake extract treated with $\beta$ -glucosidase were examined. The sesamin and sesamolin were identified from the 80% ethanol extract of seame oil cake treated with $\beta$ -glucosidase, which suggested the presence of the active substances as their glycosides in sesame seed. The contents of sesamin and sesamolin in sesame oil cake extract were about 8.32% (8,315.4 mg/100g) and 0.28% (2,824.5mg/100g) , respectively. Sesame oil cake extract showed antioxidant activity at concentrations of 50ppm, 100ppm and 200ppm, and the effect was Increased with the addition of sesame oil cake extract. The antioxidant effect of sesame oil cake extract was stronger than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol or ascorbyl palmitate, but weaker than of BHT Also, when the sesame oil cake extract(50ppm) was used in combination with $\alpha$-tocopherol(50 ppm), the sesame oil cake showed very strong synergistic effect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6549-6556
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• 2015

The PI3K-Akt-mTOR, $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin and apoptosis signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in genesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to elucidate whether combination of Gelam honey and ginger might have chemopreventive properties in HT29 colon cancer cells by modulating the mTOR, $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin and apoptosis signaling pathways. Treatment with Gelam honey and ginger reduced the viability of the HT29 cells dose dependently with $IC_{50}$ values of 88 mg/ml and 2.15 mg/ml respectively, their while the combined treatment of 2 mg/ml of ginger with 31 mg/ml of Gelam honey inhibited growth of most HT29 cells. Gelam honey, ginger and combination induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner with the combined treatment exhibiting the highest apoptosis rate. The combined treatment downregulated the gene expressions of Akt, mTOR, Raptor, Rictor, ${\beta}$-catenin, $Gsk3{\beta}$, Tcf4 and cyclin D1 while cytochrome C and caspase 3 genes were shown to be upregulated. In conclusion, the combination of Gelam honey and ginger may serve as a potential therapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer through inhibiton of mTOR, $Wnt/{\beta}$ catenin signaling pathways and induction of apoptosis pathway.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1997

This study has investigated the effects of aging treatment on thc nlechanical propcrries of blg-iiAl-x%nix - 0.1.2) alloys fabricated by the squeeze castmg process. The microstructurcs of as-squeeze cast were composed of pro eurectic $\alpha$ magnesium solid solution, super saturated $\alpha$ solid solution and $\beta(Mg_{17}AI_{12}$) compund. Agcd at both $200^{\circ}C$ and $240^{\circ}C$, Mg--6AixZn alloys showed the peak hardness due to the formation of $\beta(Mg_{17}AI_{12}$) precipitates. The tiiscontinuous precipitates of the lamella r\.pe are predominant at $200^{\circ}C$ aging tredrment. tvhilc. the finely dispersed continu ous precipitates were major type at $240^{\circ}C$ treatment. Mg-- GAI-xZn a1loi.s fabricated hy the squeeze casting process had the hetter combination of tensile strength and elongation compared to the conventionally cast alloys. As increascci zinc: contents. the tensile strength was increased 11y the soiid solutirin strengthening effect of zinc,.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 1991

Effects of IPTG induction on cell growth and production of ${\beta}$-galactosidase-preS2 fusion protein (${\beta}$gal-preS2) were studied in a defined medium using a recombinant Escherichia coli JM109/pCMHB30. IPTG was added (0.2 mM) to induce the cloned-gene expression in the early-, mid-, and late-log growth phases. The most serious decreases in growth rate and plasmid stability were observed for the induction in the early-log growth phase. The expression level of ${\beta}$gal-preS2 attained by the induction in the mid-log phase was about 0.51 mg fusion protein/mg total cellular protein, which was 2- and 5-fold improvement over the levels obtained with the inductions in the early- and late-log phases. Formation of acidic byproducts including acetate and pyruvate showed different profiles during the fermentation period for each cases of induction; pyruvate was the major byproduct for the induction in the early-log phase while acetate production became more significant for the cases of inductions in the mid- and late-log phases.