• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.283-288
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• 2019

MCrAlY overaly coatings are used as oxidation barrier coatings to prevent degradation of the underlying substrate in high temperature and oxidizing environment of the hot section of gas turbines. Therefore, oxidation resistance in high temperature is important property of MCrAlY coatings. Also, coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of MCrAlY have middle value of that of Ni-based superalloys and oxides, which have the effect of preventing the delamination of the surface oxides. Cyclic oxidation test is one of the most useful methods for evaluating the high temperature durability of coatings used in gas turbines. In this study, NiCoCrAlY overlay coatings were formed on Inconel 792(IN 792) substrates by vacuum plasma spraying process. Vacuum plasma sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings and IN 792 susbstrates were exposed to 1000℃ one-hour cyclic oxidation environment. NiCoCrAlY coatings showed lower weight gain in short-term oxidation. In long-term oxidation, IN 792 substrates showed higher weight loss due to delamination of surface oxide but NiCoCrAlY coatings showed lower weight loss. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed α-Al2O3 and NiCr₂O₄ was formed during the cyclic oxidation test. Through cross-section observation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer composed of α-Al₂O₃ and NiCr₂O₄ was formed and the thickness of TGO increased during 1000℃ cyclic oxidation test. β phase in upper side of NiCoCrAlY coating was depleted due to oxidation of Al and outer beta depletion zone thickness also increased as the cyclic oxidation time increased.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.335-341
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• 2003

The composites were fabricated respectively 61vo1.% $\beta$ -SiC and 39vo1.% Ti $B_2$ spray-dried powders with the liquid forming additives of l2wt% $Al_2$ $O_3$＋ $Y_2$ $O_3$ by pressureless annealing at 1$700^{\circ}C$, 175$0^{\circ}C$, 180$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. The result of phase analysis of composites by XRD revealed $\alpha$ -SiC(6H), Ti $B_2$, and YAG(A $l_{5}$ $Y_3$ $O_{12}$ ) crystal phase. The relative density, the Young's modulus and fracture toughness showed respectively the highest value of 92.97%, 92.88Gpa and 4.4Mpaㆍ $m^{\frac{1}{2}}$ for composites by pressureless annealing temperature 1$700^{\circ}C$ at room temperature. The electrical resistivity showed the lowest value of 8.09${\times}$10$^{-3}$ ㆍcm for composite by pressureless annealing temperature 1$700^{\circ}C$ at $25^{\circ}C$. The electrical resistivity of the SiC-Ti $B_2$ composites was all positive temperature cofficient resistance(PTCR) in the temperature ranges from $25^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1996

CZS(2Ca0 , SiO\ulcorner) phase of cement clinkcr was obtaincd by melting mixcd four indnstrial wasles of limestone sludge, waste Foundry sand, coal lly ash fiorn power plants and chernicas glasses. The effect ot mixing ratio of four rvastc mater~als ou the composnlg phascs in melled slag was investigated. Thc mixed wastes were meltcd to slag by heat under a constant basicity at 1370C. The shg consisted of p -CIS and C,AS(2CaO - A I P , . SiO,). The ratio of two phases was varied with mixing ~atioo f the waste materials. In order Lo increasc the amount ot j -C2S phase, the coal fly ash content should be reduced, while amount of the chemical glass be increased. The coal fly ash contcnt was the most imporlant factor in controlling phases of thc melted-slag.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.791-798
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective activity of flavonol glycosides rich fraction (F-2), prepared from 70% alcohol extract of the aerial parts of V calcarata Desf., was evaluated in a rat model with a liver injury induced by daily oral administration of $CCl_4$ (100 mg/kg, b.w) for four weeks. Treatment of the animals with F-2 using a dose of (25 mg/kg, b.w) during the induction of hepatic damage by $CCl_4$ significantly reduced the indices of liver injuries. The hepatoprotective effects of F-2 significantly reduced the elevated levels of the following serum enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. In addition, it normalized liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and creatinine concentration. Chromatographic purification of F-2 resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides that rarely occur in the plant kingdom, identified as quercetin-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (5) and kaempferol-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (4) in addition to the three known compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnosyl- (${\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-D-glucoside [rutin, 3], quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [isoquercitrin, 2] and kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [astragalin, 1]. These compounds were identified based on interpretation of their physical, chemical, and spectral data. Moreover, the spectrophotometric estimation of the flavonoids content revealed that the aerial parts of the plant contain an appreciable amount of flavonoids (0.89%) calculated as rutin. The data obtained from this study revealed that the flavonol glycosides of F-2 protect the rat liver from hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ through inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by $CCl_4$ reactive free radicals.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 1997

Mineral description and mineralogical characterization were made for the wellsite, a barrian zeolite, which found as diagenetic alterations in the Miocene pyroclastic rocks in Gampo area. The wellsite occurs together with clinoptilolite, smectite and apatite as euhedral crystallites (0.2~0.4mm) forming interpenetraion twinning in the vesicles of altered pmice fragments. Compared to other reported wellsites, the wellsite is rather silicic (Si/(Al+Fe): 3.12-3.16) and Ca-rich. Unit cell dimensions and chemical formular determined from XRD, EMPA and TGA data are as follows:a=9.883$\AA$, b=14.204$\AA$, c=8.677$\AA$, $\beta$-124.764$^{\circ}$, (Ba0.57K0.36)(Ca1.18Na0.04)Al3.9Si12.1O32.13.9H2O.The cation composition of the Gampo wellsite, which shows an exchange reaction in the form of Ba2++Ca2+=2(K++Na-), is deviated far from the compositional range of a phillipsite-harmotome series. Due to higher abundance of divalent cations (Ca, Ba) and si in the wellsite, cimpared to those of the phillipsite and harmotome reported in other areas, the zeolite seems to be characteristic of higher water content (18.7 wt%) and higher thermal stability. XRD, chemical and thermo-chemical results of the wellsite reflects that wellsite is rather a Ba- and Ca-rich end member of a phillipsite-harmotome-wellsite series than an intermediate phase of phillipsite-harmotome series or a barrian variety of phillipste.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at high concentrations induce oxidative stress, an imbalanced redox state that is a prevalent cause of neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) extract on oxidative stress-induced impairment of cognitive function in models of neurodegenerative diseases. CF was extracted with subcritical water and several solvents and H₂O₂ (0.25 mM) or aluminum chloride (AlCl₃; 25 µM) as an inducer of ROS was treated in PC12 neuronal cells and zebrafish larvae. All statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett's test using GraphPad Prism. H₂O₂ and AlCl₃ were found to significantly induce ROS production in PC12 neuronal cells and zebrafish larvae. In addition, they strongly affected intracellular Ca²⁺ levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. However, treatment of H₂O₂-induced PC12 cells or AlCl₃-induced zebrafish larvae with CF subcritical water extract at 90℃ and CF water extract effectively regulated excessive ROS production, intracellular Ca²⁺ levels, and mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxide, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, β-amyloid, tau, AChE, BDNF, and TrkB. Our study suggested that CF extracts can be a potential source of nutraceuticals that can improve the impairment of cognitive function and synaptic plasticity by regulating ROS generation in neurodegenerative diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2001

The $\beta$-SiC+ZrB$_2$ and $\beta$-SiC+TiB$_2$ceramic electroconductive composites were pressureless-sintered and annealed by adding l2wt% A1$_2$ $O_3$+Y$_2$ $O_3$(6 : 4wt%) powder as a function of sintering temperature. The relative density showed highest value of 84.92% of the theoretical density for SiC-TiB$_2$ at 190$0^{\circ}C$ sintering temperature. The phase analysis of the composites by XRD revealed of $\alpha$-SiC(6H), TiB$_2$, $Al_{5}$Y$_2$ $O_{12}$ and $\beta$-SiC(15R). Flexural strength showed the highest of 230 MPa for SiC-ZrB$_2$ composites sintered at 190$0^{\circ}C$. The vicker's hardness increased with increasing sintering temperature and showed the highest for SiC-ZrB$_2$ composites sintered at 190$0^{\circ}C$. Owing to YAG, the fracture toughness showed the highest of 6.50 MPa . m$^{1}$2/ for SiC-ZrB$_2$ composites at 190$0^{\circ}C$. The electrical resistivity was measured by the Rauw method from $25^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$. The electrical resistivity of the composites showed the PTCR(Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistivity).).

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2000

Powder mixtures of $\beta$-SiC-TiC in a weight ratio of 2:1 containing 5-20 wt% additives ($Al_2O_3$-$Y_2O_3$) were liquid-phase sintered at $1830^{\circ}C$ for 1h by hot-pressing and subsequently annealed at $1950^{\circ}C$ for 6h to enhance grain growth. The annealed specimens revealed a microstructure of \"in situ-toughened composite\" as a result of the $\beta$longrightarrow$\alpha$ phase transformation of SiC during annealing. The increase of the content of additives accelerated the growth of elongated $\alpha$-SiC grains with higher aspect ratio and improved fracture toughness. The fracture toughness of SiC-TiC composite containing 20 wt% additive was 6.2 MPa.$m^{1/2}$.2}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

The crystal structures of fully dehydrated $Pd^{2+}$ - and $TI^{+}$ -exchanged zeolite X, $Pd_{18}TI_{56}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}(Pd_{18}TI_{50-}X$, a = $24.935(4)\AA$ and $Pd_{21}TI_{50}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}(Pd_{21}TI_{50-}X$ a = $24.914(4)\AA)$, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Fd3 at $21(1)^{\circ}C.$ The crystals were prepared using an exchange solution that had a $Pd(NH_3)_4Cl_2\;:TINO_3$ mole ratio of 50 : 1 and 200 : 1, respectively, with a total concentration of 0.05M for 4 days. After dehydration at $360^{\circ}C$ and 2 ${\times}$$10^{-6}$ Torr in flowing oxygen for 2 days, the crystals were evacuated at $21(1)^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. They were refined to the final error indices $R_1$ = 0.045 and $R_2$ = 0.038 with 344 reflections for $Pd_{18}Tl_{56-}X$, and $R_1$ = 0.043 and $R_2$ = 0.045 with 280 reflections for $Pd_{21}Tl_{50-}X$; I > $3\sigma(I).$ In the structure of dehydrated $Pd_{18}Tl_{56-}X$, eighteen $Pd^{2+}$ ions and fourteen $TI^{+}$ ions are located at site I'. About twenty-seven $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site II recessed $1.74\AA$ into a supercage from the plane of three oxygens. The remaining fifteen $TI^{+}$ ions are distributed over two non-equivalent III' sites, with occupancies of 11 and 4, respectively. In the structure of $Pd_{21}Tl_{50-}X$, twenty $Pd^{2+}$ and ten $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site I', and one $Pd^{2+}$ ion is at site I. About twenty-three $TI^{+}$ ions occupy site II, and the remaining seventeen $TI^{+}$ ions are distributed over two different III' sites. $Pd^{2+}$ ions show a limit of exchange (ca. 39% and 46%), though their concentration of exchange was much higher than that of $TI^{+}$ ions. $Pd^{2+}$ ions tend to occupy site I', where they fit the double six-ring plane as nearly ideal trigonal planar. $TI^{+}$ ions fill the remaining I' sites, then occupy site II and two different III' sites. The two crystal structures show that approximately two and one-half I' sites per sodalite cage may be occupied by $Pd^{2+}$ ions. The remaining I' sites are occupied by $TI^{+}$ ions with Tl-O bond distance that is shorter than the sum of their ionic radii. The electrostatic repulsion between two large $TI^{+}$ ions and between $TI^{+}$ and $Pd^{2+}$ ions in the same $\beta-cage$ pushes each other to the charged six-ring planes. It causes the Tl-O bond to have some covalent character. However, $TI^{+}$ ions at site II form ionic bonds with three oxygens because the super-cage has the available space to obtain the reliable ionic bonds.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.559-569
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• 2010

The liquid-phase sintering method was used to prepare a glass lens forming core composed of SiC-$Al_2O_3-Y_2O_3$. Spark plasma sintering was used to obtain dense sintered bodies. The sintering characteristics of different SiC sources and compositions of additives were studied. Results revealed that, owing to its initial larger surface area, $\alpha$-SiC offers sinterability that is superior to that of $\beta$-SiC. A maximum density of $3.32\;g/cm^3$ (theoretical density [TD] of 99.7%) was obtained in $\alpha$-SiC-10 wt% ($6Al_2O_3-4Y_2O_3$) sintered at $1850^{\circ}C$ without high-energy ball milling. The maximum hardness and compression stress of the sintered body reached 2870 Hv and 1110 MPa, respectively. The optimum ultra-precision machining parameters were a grinding speed of 1243 m/min, work spindle rotation rate of 100 rpm, feed rate of 0.5 mm/min, and depth of cut of $0.2\;{\mu}m$. The surface roughnesses of the thus prepared final products were Ra = 4.3 nm and Rt = 55.3 nm for the aspheric lens forming core and Ra = 4.4 nm and Rt = 41.9 for the spherical lens forming core. These values were found to be sufficiently low, and the cores showed good compatibility between SiC and the diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating material. Thus, these glass lens forming cores have great potential for application in the lens industry.