• Title/Summary/Keyword: ${\alpha}$-limit

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Non-Linear Optical Properties of Polyacetylene Using Ab Initio Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock Theory (폴리 아세틸렌의 비선형 광학성질에 대한 양자 역학적 고찰)

  • Kim, Seung Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.317-326
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    • 1996
  • The frequency dependent longitudinal polarizabilities ${\alpha}zz(\omega)$ and the second hyper-polarizabilities ${\gamma}zzzz(\omega)$ of the linear polyenes, $C_4H_6\;to\;C_{30}H_{32}$, have been evaluated using the ab initio time-dependent coupled perturbed Hartree-Fock (TDCPHF) theory with the 6-31G basis set. The ratios of the dynamic properties to the static values have been examined to illustrate the relative dispersion effect and extrapolated to the infinite polymer limit. Also the effect of interchain interaction for linear and nonlinear optical properties has been investigated for $C_4H_6$ and the theoretical discussion has been described to overcome the limitation of ab initio TDHF method in the resonance region.

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On the Application of Zp Control Charts for Very Small Fraction of Nonconforming under Non-normal Process (비정규 공정의 극소 불량률 관리를 위한 Zp 관리도 적용 방안 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Gurl;Choi, Seong-Won;Kim, Hye-Mi;Um, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.167-180
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The problem for the traditional control chart is that it is unable to monitor the very small fraction of nonconforming and the underlying distribution is the normal distribution. $Z_p$ control chart is useful where it controls the vert small fraction on nonconforming. In this study, we will design the $Z_p$ control chart in order to use under non-normal process. Methods: $Z_p$ is calculated not by failure rate based on attribute data but using variable data. Control limit for non-normal $Z_p$ control chart is designed based on ${\alpha}$-risk calculated by cumulative distribution function of Burr distribution. ${\beta}$-risk, which is for performance evaluation, obtains in the Burr distribution's cumulative distribution function and control limit. Results: The control limit for non-normal $Z_p$ control chart is designed based on Burr distribution. The sensitivity can be checked through ARL table and OC curve. Conclusion: Non-normal $Z_p$ control chart is able to control not only the very small fraction of nonconforming, but it is also useful when $Z_p$ distribution is non-normal distribution.

WASTE CLASSIFICATION OF 17×17 KOFA SPENT FUEL ASSEMBLY HARDWARE

  • Cho, Dong-Keun;Kook, Dong-Hak;Choi, Jong-Won;Choi, Heui-Joo
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.149-158
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    • 2011
  • Metal waste generated from the pyroprocessing of 10 MtU of spent fuel was classified by comparing the specific activity of a relevant radionuclide with the limit value of the specific activity specified in the Korean acceptance criteria for a lowand intermediate-level waste repository. A Korean Optimized Fuel Assembly design with a 17${\times}$17 array, an initial enrichment of 4.5 weight-percent, discharge burn-up of 55 GWD/MtU, and a 10-year cooling time was considered. Initially, the mass and volume of each structural component of the assembly were calculated in detail, and a source term analysis was subsequently performed using ORIGEN-S for these components. An activation cross-section library generated by the KENO-VI/ORIGEN-S module was utilized for top-end and bottom-end pieces. As a result, an Inconel grid plate, a SUS plenum spring, a SUS guide tube subpart, SUS top-end and bottom-end pieces, and an Inconel top-end leaf spring were determined to be unacceptable for the Gyeongju low- and intermediate-level waste repository, as these waste products exceeded the acceptance criteria. In contrast, a Zircaloy grid plate and guide tube can be placed in the Gyeongju repository. Non-contaminated Zircaloy cladding occupying 76% of the metal waste was found to have a lower level of specific activity than the limit value. However, Zircaloy cladding contaminated by fission products and actinides during the decladding process of pyroprocessing was revealed to have 52 and 2 times higher specific activity levels than the limit values for alpha and $^{90}Sr$, respectively. Finally, it was found that 88.7% of the metal waste from the 17${\times}$17 Korean Optimized Fuel Assembly design should be disposed of in a deep geological repository. Therefore, it can be summarized that separation technology with a higher decontamination factor for transuranics and strontium should be developed for the efficient management of metal waste resulting from pyroprocessing.

An Analysis of Characteristic Parameters for the Design of Detention Pond in Urbanized Area (도시유역에서 저류지 설계를 위한 특성인자 분석)

  • Lee, Jae-Joon;Kim, Ho-Nyun;Kwak, Chang-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.6 no.4 s.23
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    • pp.37-47
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    • 2006
  • Urban development results in increased runoff volume and flowrates and shortening in time of concentration, which may cause frequent flooding downstream. Flow retardation structures to limit adverse downstream effects of urban storm runoff are used. There are various types of flow retardation measures include detention basins, retention basins, and infiltration basins. In basic planning phase, a number of planning models of detention ponds which decide storage volume by putting main variables were used to design detention ponds. The characteristics of hydrological parameters $\alpha,\;\gamma$ which are used in planning models of detention pond were analyzed. In this study, detention ponds data of Disaster Impact Assessment report at 22 sites were analyzed in order to investigate correlation between characteristic of urban drainage basin parameter and characteristics of detention pond parameter due to urbanization effects. The results showed that storage volume was influenced by peak discharge ratio $\alpha$ more than runoff coefficient ratio $\beta$ and peak discharge ratio $\alpha$ was influenced by runoff coefficient ratio $\beta$ less than regional parameter n. Storage ratio was mainly influenced by duration of design rainfall in the case of trapezoidal inflow hydrograph such as Donahue et al. method.

Specific and Sensitive Detection of Phoma glomerata Using PCR Techniques (PCR 기법을 이용한 Phoma glomerate 의 특이검출)

  • Yun, Yeo Hong;Suh, Dong Yeon;Kim, Hyun Ju;Kim, Seong Hwan
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.52-55
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    • 2013
  • Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenw. & Hochapfel is a pathogenic fungus causing spot diseases of plant leaves and fruits. This fungus is important in plant quarantine of seedlings and fruits in Korea. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and effective diagnostic method for P. glomerata detection in imported plants. The fungal species-specific PCR primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene and their specificity and sensitivity were tested. The designed primers named as PhoGlo-F and PhoGlo-R amplified specifically a 170 bp sized DNA band of the target gene from the genomic DNA of P. glomerata. No amplicon was produced from genomic DNAs of 16 other Phoma spp. and reference fungal species tested. Moreover, PhoGlo-F/PhoGlo-R primers successfully worked with real-time PCR technique. The detection limit of DNA content by conventional and real-time PCR were 10 pg and 1pg of the genomic DNA of P. glomerata, respectively. We believed that the developed makers would be very useful for P. glomerata detection.

Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) Emissions from Fruit Samples Based on Sorbent Tube Sampling and Thermal Desorption (ST-TD) Analysis (흡착튜브 - 열탈착 정량분석 기법에 기반한 과일시료로부터 자연적 휘발성유기화합물의 배출특성 연구)

  • Ahn, Jeong-Hyeon;Kim, Ki-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.757-772
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    • 2013
  • In this study, a combination of sorbent tube (ST)-thermal desorption (TD)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) was used for quantitative analysis of liquid phase standards of 10 BVOC ((1) (+)-${\alpha}$-pinene, (2) (+)-${\beta}$-pinene, (3) ${\alpha}$-phellandrene, (4) (+)-3-carene, (5) ${\alpha}$-terpinene, (6) p-cymene, (7) (R)-(+)-limonene, (8) ${\gamma}$- terpinene, (9) myrcene, and (10) camphene). The results of BVOC calibration yielded comparatively stable pattern with response factor (RF) of 23,560~50,363 and coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.9911~0.9973. The method detection limit (MDL) of BVOC was estimated at 0.03~0.06 ng with the reproducibility of 1.30~5.13% (in terms of relative standard error (RSE)). Emissions of BVOC were measured from four types of fruit samples ((1) tangerine (TO), (2) tangerine peel (TX), (3) strawberry (SO), and (4) sepals of strawberry (SX)). The sum of BVOC flux (${\sum}flux$ (BVOC) in ng/hr/g) for each sample was seen on the descending order of (1) TX=291,614, (2) TO=2,190, (3) SO=1,414, and (4) SX=2,093. If the results are compared between the individual components, the highest flux was seen from (R)-(+)-limonene (265,395 ng/hr/g) from TX sample.

Structural Studies on RUNX of Caenorhabditis elegans by Spectroscopic Methods

  • Son, Woo-Sung;Kim, Jong-Wan;Ahn, Hee-Chul;Park, Sung-Jean;Bae, Suk-Chul;Lee, Bong-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.54-68
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    • 2002
  • PEBP2/CBF (Polyomavirus Enhancer-core Binding Protein 2/Core Binding Factor), represents a new family of heterodimeric transcription factor. Those members play important roles in hematopoiesis and osteogenesis in mouse and human. PEBP2/CBF is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. Each member of the PEBP2/CBF family of transcription factors is composed of two subunits, ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$. The evolutionarily conserved 128 amino acid region in ${\alpha}$ subunit has been called the Runt domain, which harbors two different activities, the ability to bind DNA and interact with the ${\beta}$ subunit. Recently, cDNA clones encoding the C. elegans Runt domain were isolated by screening a cDNA library. This gene was referred to run (Runt homologous gene). In this study, the basic experiments for the structural characterization of RUN protein were performed using spectroscopic methods. We have identified the structural properties of RUN using bioinformatics, CD and NMR. The limit temperature of the structural stability was up to 60$^{\circ}C$ with irreversible thermal process, and the structure of RUN seems to adopt ${\alpha}$ helices and one or more ${\beta}$ sheet or turn. The degree of NMR peak dispersion and intensity was increased by addition of glycine. Therefore, glycine could be used to alleviate the aggregation property of RUN in NMR experiment.

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THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES IN BESOV SPACES OF TYPE B-1+3/qq,

  • Farwig, Reinhard;Giga, Yoshikazu;Hsu, Pen-Yuan
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.1483-1504
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    • 2017
  • We consider weak solutions of the instationary Navier-Stokes system in a smooth bounded domain ${\Omega}{\subset}{\mathbb{R}}^3$ with initial value $u_0{\in}L^2_{\sigma}({\Omega})$. It is known that a weak solution is a local strong solution in the sense of Serrin if $u_0$ satisfies the optimal initial value condition $u_0{\in}B^{-1+3/q}_{q,s_q}$ with Serrin exponents $s_q$ > 2, q > 3 such that ${\frac{2}{s_q}}+{\frac{3}{q}}=1$. This result has recently been generalized by the authors to weighted Serrin conditions such that u is contained in the weighted Serrin class ${{\int}_0^T}({\tau}^{\alpha}{\parallel}u({\tau}){\parallel}_q)^s$ $d{\tau}$ < ${\infty}$ with ${\frac{2}{s}}+{\frac{3}{q}}=1-2{\alpha}$, 0 < ${\alpha}$ < ${\frac{1}{2}}$. This regularity is guaranteed if and only if $u_0$ is contained in the Besov space $B^{-1+3/q}_{q,s}$. In this article we consider the limit case of initial values in the Besov space $B^{-1+3/q}_{q,{\infty}}$ and in its subspace ${{\circ}\atop{B}}^{-1+3/q}_{q,{\infty}}$ based on the continuous interpolation functor. Special emphasis is put on questions of uniqueness within the class of weak solutions.

Biological Effects of Light-Emitting Diodes Curing Unit on MDPC-23 Cells and Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated MDPC-23 Cells

  • Jeong, Moon-Jin;Jeong, Soon-Jeong
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2019
  • Background: Light-emitting diodes curing unit (LCU), which emit blue light, is used for polymerization of composite resins in many dentistry. Although the use of LCU for light-cured composite resin polymerization is considered safe, it is still controversial whether it can directly or indirectly have harmful biological influences on oral tissues. The aim of this study was to elucidate the biological effects of LCU in wavelengths ranging from 440 to 490 nm, on the cell viability and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in MDPC-23 odontoblastic cells and inflammatory-induced MDPC-23 cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: The MTT assay and observation using microscope were performed on MDPC-23 cells to investigate the cell viability and cytotoxic effects on LCU irradiation. Results: MDPC-23 cells and LPS stimulated MDPC-23 cells were found to have no effects on cell viability and cell morphology in the LCU irradiation. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ which are the pro-inflammatory mediators, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) which are the proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in MCPD-23 cells after LCU irradiation as time increased in comparison with the control. LCU irradiation has the potential to induce inflammation or biological damages in normal dental tissues, including MDPC-23 cells. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to limit the use of LCU except for the appropriate dose and irradiation time. In addition, LCU irradiation of inflammatory-induced MDPC-23 cells by LPS was reduced the secretion of NO compared to the LPS alone treatment group and was significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ in all the time groups. Therefore, LCU application in LPS stimulated MDPC-23 odontoblastic cells has a photodynamic therapy like effect as well as inflammation relief.

International Trends in Risk Management of Groundwater Radionuclides (지하수 중 자연방사성물질의 위해성 관리에 대한 고찰)

  • 신동천;김예신;문지영;박화성;김진용;박선구
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.273-284
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    • 2002
  • At present, the health risks associated with the natural radionuclides of ground water have become a concern as potential social problems. However, there are no regulatory actions or control strategies for such risks. Therefore, we have investigated and discussed the risks and associated management strategies for radionuclides in other countries. US EPA has proposed MCL (300 pCi/L) and AMCL (4,000 pCi/L) for radon, and 30 ppb for uranium, 15 pCi/L for gross-alpha and 5 pCi/L for radium as final MCLs. Also, Canada, WHO and European countries have their inherent management levels. Finally, we suggested several criteria for setting guidelines in our countries including exposure related criteria such as geological distribution, occurrence, exposure probability distribution, exposure population and multimedia exposure assessment, acceptable risk, and cost -benefit analysis. The national-scale exposure and risk assessment, and economic analysis should be conducted for producing and aggregating the representative information on these criteria.