• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.1177-1190
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• 2022

Let R be a commutative ring with identity. We call the ring R to be an almost quasi-coherent ring if for any finite set of elements α₁, …, α_p and a of R, there exists a positive integer m such that the ideals $\bigcap{_{i=1}^{p}}\;R{\alpha}^m_i$ and Ann_R(α^m) are finitely generated, and to be almost von Neumann regular rings if for any two elements a and b in R, there exists a positive integer n such that the ideal (αⁿ, bⁿ) is generated by an idempotent element. This paper establishes necessary and sufficient conditions for the Nagata's idealization and the amalgamated algebra to inherit these notions. Our results allow us to construct original examples of rings satisfying the above-mentioned properties.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1969-1980
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• 2017

Let ${\Gamma}$ be a nonzero torsionless commutative cancellative monoid with quotient group ${\langle}{\Gamma}{\rangle}$, $R={\bigoplus}_{{\alpha}{\in}{\Gamma}}R_{\alpha}$ be a graded integral domain graded by ${\Gamma}$ such that $R_{{\alpha}}{\neq}\{0\}$ for all ${\alpha}{\in}{\Gamma},H$ be the set of nonzero homogeneous elements of R, C(f) be the ideal of R generated by the homogeneous components of $f{\in}R$, and $N(H)=\{f{\in}R{\mid}C(f)_v=R\}$. In this paper, we introduce the notion of graded t-almost Dedekind domains. We then show that R is a t-almost Dedekind domain if and only if R is a graded t-almost Dedekind domain and RH is a t-almost Dedekind domains. We also show that if $R=D[{\Gamma}]$ is the monoid domain of ${\Gamma}$ over an integral domain D, then R is a graded t-almost Dedekind domain if and only if D and ${\Gamma}$ are t-almost Dedekind, if and only if $R_{N(H)}$ is an almost Dedekind domain. In particular, if ${\langle}{\Gamma}{\rangle}$ isatisfies the ascending chain condition on its cyclic subgroups, then $R=D[{\Gamma}]$ is a t-almost Dedekind domain if and only if R is a graded t-almost Dedekind domain.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.556-562
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• 2012

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the counter-ion binding constant (B) for the mixed micellizations of TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) with other surfactants (DTAB, CTAB, Tween-20, Tween-40, and Tween-80) in aqueous solution of 4-chlorobenzoic acid (0.5 mM) at $25^{\circ}C$ were determined as a function of ${\alpha}_1$ (the overall mole fraction of TTAB) by using the spectrophotometric method and the conductivity method. Various thermodynamic parameters ($X_i$, ${\gamma}_i$, $C_i$, $a_i^M$, ${\beta}$, and ${\Delta}H_{mix}$) were calculated for each mixed surfactant system and compared with the other mixed surfactant systems by means of the equations derived from the nonideal mixed micellar model. The results show that TTAB/DTAB mixed system has a great positive deviation from the ideal mixed micellar model and the other mixed systems have great negative deviations from the ideal mixed model.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 1981

Microorganisms from the waste water of starch industry, were isolated and a strain, Y-124, possessing a powerful enzymic activity was selected and identified as a member of the genus Bacillus. The ideal cultural condition for the formation of $\alpha$-amylase form Bacillus Y-124 and its preservation was investigated in connection with the biotechnological and industrial approach to the bulk enzyme production. High yield of $\alpha$-amylase was observed in medium containing casein as well as calcium pantothenate in this work. Calcium ions were found to have an effect in forming this particular enzyme. Ammonium phosphate dibasic was an important inorganic nitrogen source for the formation of $\alpha$-amylase. And preservation of this enzyme was greatly affected by calcium or sodium salts. The addition of calcium carbonate or sodium sulfate presented the most effective result for the prevention of its denaturation to various factors. The above data was obtained with crude enzyme preparation.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.181-206
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• 2014

Let $R={\bigoplus}_{\alpha{\in}\Gamma}R_{\alpha}$ be a graded integral domain graded by an arbitrary grading torsionless monoid ${\Gamma}$, and ⋆ be a semistar operation on R. In this paper we define and study the graded integral domain analogue of ⋆-Nagata and Kronecker function rings of R with respect to ⋆. We say that R is a graded Pr$\ddot{u}$fer ⋆-multiplication domain if each nonzero finitely generated homogeneous ideal of R is ⋆$_f$-invertible. Using ⋆-Nagata and Kronecker function rings, we give several different equivalent conditions for R to be a graded Pr$\ddot{u}$fer ⋆-multiplication domain. In particular we give new characterizations for a graded integral domain, to be a $P{\upsilon}MD$.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.671-677
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• 2015

A novel phase interpolator (PI) based linear model of multipath ring oscillator (MPRO) is described in this paper. By modeling each delay cell as an ideal summer followed by a single pole RC filter, the oscillation frequency is derived for a 4-stage differential MPRO. It is analytically proved that the oscillation frequency increases with the growth of the forwarding factor ${\alpha}$, which is also confirmed quantitatively through simulation. Based on the proposed model, it is shown that the power to frequency ratio keeps constant as the speed increases. Running at the same speed, a 4-stage MPRO can outperform the corresponding single-stage ring oscillator (SPRO) with 27% power saving, making MPRO with a large forwarding factor ${\alpha}$ an attractive option for lower power applications.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the mixtures of choline alphoscerate (alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, alpha-GPC), in the liquid form, and sucrose ester, which formed a solid composite. The choline alphoscerate solid composites were prepared using different ratios of sucrose ester, and different preparation methods, such as air drying and rotary evaporation, were compared for their preparation efficacy. We examined the characteristics of the solid composites by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), angle of repose, and moisture content. The ideal mixing ratio of choline alphoscerate and sucrose ester was determined as 1:3 and air drying was found to be more suitable for the preparation of solid composites than rotary evaporation. SEM measurements of the degree of dispersion and the size of particles indicated that a high-temperature air method was more suitable. These results demonstrated the successful preparation of choline alphoscerate solid composites that have potential for industrial use.

• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

A mapping T : R → R (not necessarily additive) is called multiplicative left 𝛼-centralizer if T(xy) = T(x)𝛼(y) for all x, y ∈ R. A mapping F : R → R (not necessarily additive) is called multiplicative (generalized)(𝛼, 𝛽)-derivation if there exists a map (neither necessarily additive nor derivation) f : R → R such that F(xy) = F(x)𝛼(y) + 𝛽(x)f(y) for all x, y ∈ R, where 𝛼 and 𝛽 are automorphisms on R. The main purpose of this paper is to study some algebraic identities with multiplicative (generalized) (𝛼, 𝛽)-derivations and multiplicative left 𝛼-centralizer on the left ideal of a prime ring R.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2011

Background: Disparities of Minor H antigens can induce graft rejection after MHC-matched transplantation. H60 has been characterized as a dominant antigen expressed on hematopoietic cells and considered to be an ideal model antigen for study on graft-versus-leukemia effect. Methods: Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice immunized with H60 congenic splenocytes were used for establishment of H60-specific CTL clones. Then the clones were characterized for proliferation capacity and cytotoxicity after stimulation with H60. Clone #14, #15, and #23 were tested for the TCR binding avidity to H60-peptide/$H-2K^b$ and analyzed for TCR sequences. Results: H60-specific CTL clones showed different levels of proliferation capacity and cytotoxic activity to H60-stimulation. Clones #14, #15, and #23 showed high proliferation activity, high cytotoxicity, and low activities on both aspects, respectively, and have TCRs with different binding avidities to H60-peptide/$H-2K^b$ with $t_{1/2}$ values of 4.87, 6.92, and 13.03 minutes, respectively. The TCR usages were $V{\alpha}12D-3-01+J{\alpha}11-01$ and $V{\beta}12-1-01+D{\beta}1-01+J2-7-01$ for clone #14, $V{\alpha}13D-1-02+J{\alpha}34-02$ and $V{\beta}13-1-02+D{\beta}2-01+J{\beta}2-7-01$ for clone #15, and $V{\alpha}16D+J{\alpha}45-01$ and $V{\beta}12-1-01+D{\beta}1-01+J{\beta}2-5-01$ for clone #23. Conclusion: The results will be useful for modeling GVL and generation TCR transgenic mouse.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

The properties of ideal retrograde filling materials include the ability to seal the root canal system in three dimensions and well tolerated by periradicular tissues. Biocompatibility testing has been done mainly with cytotoxicity tests using cell culture. Little attention has been paid to the potential adverse influence on the inflammatory and immune reaction in the periapical tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of retrograde filling materials on human mononuclear cells in vitro. Freshly mixed and set specimens from six materials (Z100, Tetric Ceram, Fuji II, Fuji II LC, F2000, Compoglass Flow, and ZOE) were eluated with cell culture medium for 24 hours. Cytotoxic effects of these extracts were evaluated by determining cell viability and enzyme activity using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LD). The production of inflammatoy bone resorptive cytokine, TNF-${\alpha}$ was measured from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposed to the extracts by means of Endogen Human TNF-${\alpha}$ ELISA kit (Wobrun, MA, U.S.A.). Eluates and diluted (1 : 10) eluates with cell culture medium from freshly mixed Fuji IT had cytotoxic effects on mononuclear cells using MTT and LD. However, eluates from set Fuji II were not cytotoxic. Eluates form set ZOE exhibited cytotoxicity with LD test. TNF-${\alpha}$ levels were high in eluates from freshly mixed Fuji II and Z100. Diluted eluates from freshly mixed Z100 and F2000 stimulated the production of TNF-${\alpha}$. However, there were no significant difference in TNF-${\alpha}$ levels compared to controls. These results indicate that some materials could possibly stimulate bone resorption in the periapical tissue by means of the production of bone resorptive cytokine.