• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1990

The isolates biodigrading crude oil were examined to characterize thier properties. Isolates which were identified as Acinetobacter lwoffii G1, Klebsiella pneumoniae L25, Pseudomonas maltophilia N246, Xanthomonas campestris M12, and Xanthomonas sp. M28. The optimum concentration of crude oil was 0.15% for the bacterial growth. X. campestris M12, Xanthomonas sp. M28, and K. penumoniae L25 showed the maximal growth at the concentration of 3.5% sodium chloride, indicating that they were derived from sea water. Among the isolates, X. campestris M12, Xanthomonas sp. M28 specially utilized hexadecane and octane, and P. maltophilia N246 utilized octane with optimum concentration of 0.2-0.3% as sole carbon source. The utilization of components of saturate fraction by K. pneumoniae L25 was examined by gas-liquid chromatography. The short-chain saturates are used before the long chain ones although they almost disappear within 8 days of incubation at $30^{\circ}C$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 1999

In order to analyze nutritional factors affecting in situ bioremediation of diesel degradation and cell viability were studied by varying nutritional conditions. In column experiments packed with diesel-contaminated soil, nitrogen was found to be the major limiting nutrient. When nitrogen was added to soil at four different levels of C : N (100 : 5, 100 : 10, 100 : 15, and 100 : 20 mg N/kg dry soil), the greatest simulation of microbial activity occurred at the lowest, rather than the highest nitrogen addition. However, no significant effects was observed when phosphorus and air were added. No matter how the incubation mode varied, less than 50% of the diesel was remained after 7 days of treatment, presumably because the residual hydrocarbons were adsorbed on soil particles, adsorption

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 1994

Mode of safening action of N-(4-chlorophenyl)maleimide (CPMI) on metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl) acetamide] was investigated in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.). CPMI was synthesized by dehydration of N-(4-chlorophenyl)maleamic acid (CPMA) which was obtained from amination with maleic anhydride and 4-chloroaniline. Melting points of CPMA and CPMI (>95% purity) were $200-202^{\circ}C$ and $116-118^{\circ}C$, respectively. Growth response study indicated that seed treatment of CPMI increased tolerance of sorghum shoot to metolachlor approximately threefold. Sorghum shoot was more sensitive to injury caused by metolachlor and CPMI activity than the root. Metolachlor was initially absorbed by sorghum shoot and metabolized to the metolachlor-glutathione conjugate in CPMI-untreated and treated shoots. However, CPMI treatment significantly accelerated metabolism of $[^{14}C]$metolachlor in sorghum shoot, resulting in decrease in metolachlor content and increase in formation of the glutathione conjugate. It was concluded that the protection against metolachlor injury conferred by CPMI appeared to be correlated to detoxification of metolachlor in sorghum shoot tissue.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2001

This study aims at finding out pertinent reaction conditions for treating high concentration ammonia contained in N-chemical factory wastewater with decompressed ammonia stripping method that was designed. And it also tries to investigate adsorption capability of removed ammonia to soil. The results from experiments are as follows ; 1. The removal rate of N $H_3$-N of synthetic wastewater was under 85% at pH 10 with decompressed ammonia stripping method. The reaction time in pressure 360 mmHg at pH 11 and 12 was shorter than in 460 mmHg, and the removal rate of N $H_3$-N with decompressed ammonia stripping method at 9$0^{\circ}C$ was 11~15% higher than air stripping 2. The optimum conditions for decompressed ammonia stripping with synthetic sample were shown as pH 12, temperature 9$0^{\circ}C$, internal reaction pressure 460 mmHg and reaction time 50 minutes. These conditions were applied to treat the wastewater containing organic-N 290.5mg/$\ell$, N $H_3$-N 168.9mg/$\ell$, N $O_2$-N 23.2mg/$\ell$, N $O_3$-N 252.4mg/$\ell$, T-N 735mg/$\ell$. Organic-N turned out to be removed 60%, the removal rate of N $H_3$-N IS 94%, T-N is 50%. But N $O_2$-N and N $O_3$-N were increased with 7.8% and 14.9% respectively. 3. The CO $D_{Sr}$ removal rate in decompressed ammonia stripping reaction was 42% and S $O_4$$^{2-}$ was removed 8.2%. It was turned out caused with higher pH and thermolysis. 4. In soil adsorption of ammonia desorbed from the decompressed stripping process of wastewater, the recovery rate was 76% in wet soil.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.252-263
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• 1983

In the briquet-burning hot water boiler the $SO_x$-dew point is calculated and found to be between $130^{\circ}C\;and\;154^{\circ}C$. The corrosion rate depends on the surface temperature and the concentration of the condensate on the surface. The concentration of the condensate is decided acoording to the difference detween $SO_x$-dew point and the surface temperature. When the surface temperature is $80^[\circ}C$, the concentration of the condensate is also high (0.15N). Therefore the high concentration and high temperature promote the high corrosion rate of $14{\times}13^{-3}g/100cm^2{\cdot}hr$ on the SS41 material. On the other hand, when the surface temperatures are $60^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, the concentrations and the co..sion rates are reduced dramatically to $0.11\;N,\;8.6{\tiems}10^{-3}g/100cm^2{\cdot}hr$ and $5{\tiems}10^{-4}g/100cm^2{\cdot}hr$ respectively.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2014

The crystal structure of the title compounds with both coumarin and sulfonamide moieties were examined. These two groups have very special for their pharmaceutical and medicinal properties have been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1/c$ with unit cell dimension a=$8.5775(4){{\AA}$, b=$24.9943(13){\AA}$ and c=$13.7319(7){\AA}$ [alpha & gamma=$90^{\circ}$ beta=$103.558(2)^{\circ}$]. In the structure The S1 atom shows a distorted tetrahedral geometry, with O1-S1-O2 [$121.08(1)^{\circ}$] and N1-S1-C5 [$105.85(1)^{\circ}$] angles deviating from ideal tetrahedral values are attributed to the Thrope-Ingold effect. The sum of bond angles around N1 ($354.9^{\circ}$) indicates that N1 is in $sp^2$ hybridization. The Pyridine ring adopts boat conformation and pyran rings adopt a sofa conformation. Crystal structure is stabilized by C-H...O intra molecular hydrogen bond interactions.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 2024

We analyze the effect of atmospheric fluctuation on laser beam propagation, using a single-phase screen model and a multi-phase screen model. When a laser beam (wavelength 1064 nm, radius 10 mm, collimated by 25.4 mm optics) propagates 3 km, atmospheric fluctuation with structure constant C_n² in the range of 10^-17 to 10^-14 is generated by the single- and multi-phase screen models. The results of short-term and long-term exposures are analyzed in terms of the beam profile, power in the bucket, and beam radius at the receiver plane. The power in the bucket and beam radius increase as the structure constant increases. When the structure constant is less than 2×10^-15, the results of the single- and multi-phase screen models are similar, within a difference of 1.5 %. However, when the structure constant is greater than 2×10^-15, the difference between the two models increases, and the multi-phase screen model is appropriate under this condition.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1204-1212
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• 2024

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows. Methods: A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period. Results: The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) milk yield and DM intake in dairy cows compared to the control group (CG). The 100% HMEC group showed an increase (p<0.05) in 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM). Both the 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in the content of C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids, along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in cis-9C18:1 content. The saturated fatty acid content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that of CG. Conversely, the monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that in CG. Notably, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content, while also decreasing the serum malondialdehyde content (p<0.05). Moreover, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Conclusion: High moisture ear corn could improve production performance and milk fatty acid levels and enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for the wider application of HMEC in ruminant animal diets.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 1999

Propose : This study was performed to find out the prognostic factors affecting local control, survival and disease free survival rate in nasopharyngeal carcinomas treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : We analysed 47 patients of nasopharyngeal carcinomas, histologically confirmed and treated at Chonnam University Hospital between July 1986 and June 1996, retrospectively. Range of patients' age were from 16 to 80 years (median; 52 years). Thirty three (70$\%$) patients was male. Histological types were composed of 3 (6$\%$) keratinizing, 30 (64$\%$) nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and 13 (28$\%$) undifferentiated carcinoma. Histoiogicai type was not known in 1 patient (2$\%$). We restaged according to the staging system of 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer Forty seven patients were recorded as follows: 71: 11 (23$\%$), T2a; 6 (13$\%$), T2b; 9 (19$\%$), 73; 7 (15$\%$), 74: 14 (30$\%$), and NO; 7 (15$\%$), Nl: 14 (30$\%$), N2; 21 (45%), N3: 5 (10%). Clinical staging was grouped as follows: Stage 1; 2 (4$\%$), IIA: 2 (4$\%$), IIB; 10 (21$\%$), III; 14 (30$\%$), IVA; 14 (30$\%$) and IVB; 5 (11$\%$). Radiation therapy was done using 6 MV and 10 MV X- ray of linear accelerator. Electron beam was used for the Iymph nodes of posterior neck after 4500 cGy. The range of total radiation dose delivered to the primary tumor was from 6120 to 7920 cGy (median; 7020 cGy). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed with cisplatin +5-fluorouracil (25 patients) or cisplatin+pepleomycin (17 patients) with one to three cycles. Five patients did not received chemotherapy. Local control rate, survival and disease free suwival rate were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Generalized Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the difference of survival rates between groups. multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard model was done for finding prognostic factors. Results: Local control rate was 81$\%$ in 5 year. Five year survival rate was 60$\%$ (median survival; 100 months). We included age, sex, cranial nerve deflicit, histologic type, stage group, chemotherapy, elapsed days between chemotherapy and radiotherapy, total radiation dose, period of radiotherapy as potential prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. As a result, cranial none deficit (P=0.004) had statistical significance in local control rate. Stage group and total radiation dose were significant prognostic factors in survival (P=0.000, P=0.012), and in disease free survival rates (P=0.003, P=0.008), respectively. Common complications were xerostomia, tooth and ear problems. Hypothyroidism was developed in 2 patients. Conclusion : In our study, cranial none deficit was a significant prognostic factor in local control rate, and stage group and total radiation dose were significant factors in both survival and disease free survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We have concluded that chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in our patients were effective without any serious complication.

• Korean Aquaculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.52-65
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• 2002

비단가리비의 인공 종묘 생산을 목적으로 전라남도 신안군 대흑산도 주변에 서식하는 비단가리비를 대상으로 인공 종묘 생산을 위한 산란 유발, 수정란의 발생 과정, 유생 사육, 채묘 및 중간 육성 등 양식 생물학적 연구를 실시하였다. 어미의 각종 산란 유발 자극에 대한 반응은 Serotonin 주사, 온도 자극, 혼합 자극에서 반응율이 가장 높았으며, 자외선 조사 해수 자극은 수컷만 반응을 하였고 간출 자극은 반응이 없어 실효성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수정란의 크기는 $69.5{\mu}m$이었고, 수정 후 약 2시간에 2 세포기, 8시간 후에 8 세포기, 20시간 후에는 담륜자 유생으로 부화하였으며 40시간 후에는 D상 유생으로 되었다. 수온별 비단가리비 유생의 성장은 수온 $20^{\circ}C$에서 각장 $178.9{\mu}m$로 가장 좋았으며, 이 때의 생존율은 15.5%이었다. 그러나 수온 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 낮은 성장을 보여 각장 $135.9{\mu}m$로 성장하였으며, 생존율도 9.8%로 저조하였다. 수용 밀도별 사육 시험에서 $1m{\ell}$당 1개체와 5개체에서 성장 및 생존율이 양호하여 성장 및 생존율을 볼 때 적정 사육 밀도는 $1m{\ell}$당 5개체 이하로 나타났다. 먹이 생물 종류에 따른 유생의 성장을 알기 위하여 I, gal-baba, C, calcitrans, N, oculata를 단독 또는 혼합으로 공급하였을 때 실험 종료후 각장의 성장은 I, galbana+C. calcitrans+N. oculata구가 $194.2{\mu}$로 가장 좋았고 N. oculata구는 $162.2{\mu}m$로 가장 낮은 성장을 보였다. 생존율에서는 I. galbana+C. calcitransoculata구는 9.4%로 가장 낮은 생존율을 보였다. 채묘기별 유생의 부착률은 염화비닐판을 수평으로 놓은 것과 패각이 각각 3.43%와 3.17%로 가장 양호하였으나, 양파망과 염화비닐판을 수직으로 놓은 것은 각각 1.52%와 1.61%로 비교적 저조하였다. 수정 후 40일째부터 90일째까지 측정한 부착치패의 경과 일수에 따른 각장의 성장은 $SL=184.44e^{0.0335X}(r^2=0.9861)$의 회귀직선식으로서 나타났다. 중간육성 시험에서 수심별 성장을 분석한 결과, 비단가리비 치패는 저층보다 표층이 각장 5.92mm, 전중량 6.07g 정도 더 빨리 성장하였다.