• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.314.2-314
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2009

To study the biological activity of interleukin-$1\beta$(IL-$1\beta$), a proinflammatory cytokine, in nile tilapia, Oreochromis niliticus, the recombinant tilapia IL-$1\beta$ was produced in E. coli cells based on pQE vector. Ni-NTA (nitriloacetic acid) metal affinity chromatography was used to purify recombinant protein. The eluted fractions exhibited a single band of protein with a molecular weight of about 25kDa, which is in close agreement with 25.4 kDa predicted by the cDNA sequence. The biological activity of the purified recombinant tilapia IL-$1\beta$ was tested through its effects on IL-$1\beta$ gene expression, which are known as IL-$1\beta$ inducible genes in mammals and fishes. IL-$1\beta$ gene expression induced by poly I:C, a synthetic double stranded RNA, was also assessed in tilapia head kidney cells. IL-$1\beta$ gene expression was analysed using QPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The ratio of the indicated gene expression was expressed as the relative mRNA level to $\beta$-actin mRNA level, which is constitutively expressed in macrophages. Consequently, head kidney cells incubated for three hours with rIL-$1\beta$(10, 2, 1 $\mu{g}$/ml) showed a dose dependent increase in IL-$1\beta$ mRNA levels and 1 $\mu{g}$/ml of poly I:C was also able to induce IL-$1\beta$ gene expression in head kidney in tilapia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Abnormal actin remodeling is a typical characteristic of tumor cells. Thymosin ${\beta}_{10}$ (TB10) and profilin-1 (PFN-1) are actin-binding proteins and essential regulators of actin polymerization. We previously showed that TB10 induced death in ovarian cancer cells by sequestering F-actin, but the underlying mechanisms of this induction have not been explored. In this study, we identified TB10 as a novel regulator of PFN-1 and demonstrated its novel function as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer cell lines. The present study investigated protein expression profiles through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) in SKOV3 cells, an ovarian cancer cell line, that were transiently transfected with TB10. PFN-1 was highly overexpressed in response to TB10, and overexpression of PFN-1 resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and promotion of cellular apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, transiently transfected PFN-1 appeared to deactivate the Erk signaling pathway, followed by decreased expression of Elk-1 and Egr-1 in human ovarian cancer cells. Interestingly, PFN-1 did not affect the activation of Akt. The results demonstrated that PFN-1 induced apoptotic cell death and inhibited proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that PFN-1 may be valuable in anti-cancer therapy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.205-221
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• 2004

Periodontal ligament(PDL) cells have been known as playing an important roles in periodontal regeneration and gingival fibroblasts are also important to periodontal regeneration by forming connective tissue attachment. There were rare studies about the gene expression patterns of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts, therefore in this study, we tried cDNA microarray-based gene expression monitoring to explain the functional differences of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts in vivo and to confirm the characteristics of PDL cells. Total RNA were extracted from PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts of same person and same passages, and mRNA were isolated from the total RNA using Oligotex mRNA midi kit(Qiagen) and then fluorescent cDNA probe were prepared. And microarray hybridization were performed. The gene expression patterns of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts were quite different. About 400 genes were expressed more highly in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts and about 300 genes were more highly expressed in the gingival fibroblasts than PDL cells. Compared growth factor- and growth factor receptor-related gene expression patterns of PDL cells with gingival fibroblasts, IGF-2, IGF-2 associated protein, nerve growth factor, placental bone morphogenic protein, neuron-specific growth- associated protein, FGF receptor, EGF receptor-related gene and PDGF receptor were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. The results of collagen gene expression patterns showed that collagen type I, type III, type VI and type VII were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts, and in the gingival fibroblasts collagen type V, XII were more highly expressed than PDL cells. The results of osteoblast-related gene expression patterns showed that osteoblast specific cysteine-rich protein were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. The results of cytoskeletal proteins gene expression patterns showed that a-smooth muscle actin, actin binding protein, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain homolog and myosin light chain were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibrobalsts, and ${\beta}-actin$, actin-capping protein(${\beta}$ subunit), actin- related protein Arp3(ARP) and myosin class I(myh-1c) were more highly expressed in the gingival fibroblasts than PDL cells. Osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor(OPG/OCIF) was more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. According to the results of this study, PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts were quite different gene expression patterns though they are the fibroblast which have similar shape. Therefore PDL cells & gingival fibroblasts are heterogeneous populations which represent distinct characteristics. If more studies about genes that were differently expressed in each PDL cells & gingival fibroblasts would be performed in the future, it would be expected that the characteristics of PDL cells would be more clear.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2019

We previously isolated 9 clones that show stronger signal compared to Bombyx mori cytoplasmic actin gene (BmA3) by using a dot blot hybridization. In this study, we focused on one clone among these clones which has high amino acid similarity with ${\beta}$-tubulin gene of B. mori. This clone was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and developmental stage of B. mori. As result of promoter assay using dual luciferase assay system, we found the highest transcription activity region (-750/-1) in the 5'-flanking region of ${\beta}$-tubulin gene, which has about 47 fold more intensive promoter activity than BmA3 promoter. Moreover, the ${\beta}$-tubulin promoter was normally regulated in Bm5, Sf9, and S2 cells. Therefore, we suggest that ${\beta}$-tubulin promoter may be used more powerful and effectively for transgene expression in various insects containing B. mori as a universal promoter.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2002

In human U-937 cell exposed to ${\gamma}$-irradiation and $H_2O$$_2$, the level of mRNA efrpression in ceruloplasmin gene was measured by using comparative RT.PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). At the normal growth condition, the level of ceruloplasmin transcript was estimated as 8.2% and 0.0068% of hprt (hypoxantine phosphoribosyl transferase) transcript and of $\beta$-actin transcript, respectively. In U-937 cells exposed to a dose of 100 rad ${\gamma}$-irradiation, the level of ceruloplasmin transcript was increased about 2.7 and 1.6 fold compared to un-treated cell by using compensation with the levels of hprt and $\beta$-actin transcript. By contrast, the expression of ceruloplasmin gene in U-937 cells exposed to $H_2O$$_2$(50 $\mu$M, 24 h), was shown no significant difference compared to un-treated cell. These results indicated that the expression system of ceruloplasmin gene may react only some specific oxygen species, such as reactive oxygen species induced by ${\gamma}$-irradiation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.515-523
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• 2016

Adhesion events of monocytes represent an important step in inflammatory responses induced by chemokines. The ${\beta}1$-integrin CD29 is a major adhesion molecule regulating leukocyte migration and extravasation. Although several adhesion molecules have been known as regulators of CD29, the molecular interactions between CD29 and its regulatory adhesion molecules (such as CD98 and CD147) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether these molecules are functionally, biochemically, and cell-biologically associated using monocytic U937 cells treated with aggregation-stimulating and blocking antibodies, as well as enzyme inhibitors. The surface levels of CD29, CD98, and CD147 (but not CD43, CD44, and CD82) were increased. The activation of CD29, CD98, and CD147 by ligation of them with aggregation-activating antibodies triggered the induction of cell-cell adhesion, and sensitivity to various enzyme inhibitors and aggregation-blocking antibodies was similar for CD29-, CD98-, and CD147-induced U937 cell aggregation. Molecular association between these molecules and the actin cytoskeleton was confirmed by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation. These results strongly suggest that CD29 might be modulated by its biochemical and cellular regulators, including CD98 and CD147, via the actin cytoskeleton.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2011

Purpose : Men are generally more prone to chronic renal disease and progression to end stage renal disease than women. The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of gender and sex hormone on renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and to elucidate the specific underlying mechanisms. Methods :We compared the expression of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA) in female and male mice with complete UUO (day 7). After this, we estimated the changes of renal fibrosis in the female mice with oophorectomy and in the female mice with oophorectomy and replacement of $17{\beta}$-estradiol, respectively. Results : The level of ${\alpha}$-SMA in the female kidney with UUO was significantly lower than that in the male kidney with UUO. oophorectomy and replacement of $17{\beta}$-estradiol did not change the expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor in the female kidney with UUO, whereas the expression of angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor was significantly more elevated in the intact female (IF) and the oophorectomized female with estrogen (OF+E) than that in the oophorectomized female (OF). The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the IF and OF+E mice were significantly more elevated than that in the OF mice, which was similar to the expression of AT2 receptor. Conclusion : The female gender is associated with resistance to renal fibrosis in obstructive uropathy and this gender difference may originate from the existence of $17{\beta}$-estradiol, which has an anti-fibrotic effect via upregulation of the AT2 receptor and iNOS.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 1995

The effects of DNA polymerase $\beta$ on the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombinations were investigated using the transgenic Drosophila beating chimetic gene consisting of a promoter region of Drosophila actin 5C gene and rat DNA polymerase $\beta$. For detecting the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombinations, the heterozygous (mwh/+) strains possessing or lacking transgene poi 13 were used. The spontaneous frequency of small mwh spots, due to deletion or nondisjunction etc., in the non-transgenic w strain and the transgenic p[pol $\beta$]-130 strain was 0.351 and 0.606, respectively. The spontaneous frequency (0.063) of large mwh spots, arises mostly from somatic recombination between the centromere and the locus mwh, in the transgenic p[pol $\beta$]-130 strain was about three times higher than that (0.021) of the non-transgenic w strain. The mutant clone frequencies of small and large mwh spots induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and ethyl methanesulfonate in the transformant p[pol $\beta$]-130 were higher than those in the host strain w. The present results suggest that rat DNA polymerase $\beta$ participate at least in the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombination processes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Korean red ginseng, the processed root of Panax ginseng Meyer, has been frequently used for various therapeutic purposes in oriental medicine. The present study investigated the possible effect of Korean red ginseng extract (RGE) for the treatment of liver fibrosis in mice injected with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) for 4 wk. Liver injuries were assessed by blood biochemistry and histopathology in mice treated with $CCl_4$ alone or $CCl_4$+ RGE (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg). Concomitant treatment with RGE and $CCl_4$ (three times/wk for 4 wk) effectively inhibited liver fibrosis as evidenced by decreases in plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, as well as by the percentages of degenerative regions, numbers of degenerative hepatocytes, and collagen accumulation in hepatic parenchyma. Treatment with $CCl_4$ for 4 wk increased mRNA levels of transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in fibrogenic liver, whereas RGE (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) significantly blocked the induction of fibrogenic genes by $CCl_4$. Similarly, RGE also prevented transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$-mediated induction of fibrogenic genes in human hepatic stellate cell lines. More importantly, RGE markedly reduced the number of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in liver tissue. This study implies that RGE efficaciously protects against the liver fibrosis induced by chronic $CCl_4$ treatment, and may therefore have potential to treat liver disease.