• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1615-1621
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• 2008

The characteristics of volatile flavor compounds of Fuji apples were compared by different extraction methods for information leading to a natural fragrance development. The volatile flavor components of Fuji apples were extracted using simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE), solvent extraction (SE), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods and then analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. A total of 66, 32 and 54 components were identified in SDE, SE and SPME extracts, respectively. (E,E)-$\alpha$-Farnesene, hexanol, butanol, 2-methyl butanol, hexyl hexanoate, hexyl 2-methyl butanoate, hexyl butanoate, and butyl hexanoate were the major flavor components in the extracts by different methods, but the composition of volatiles in the extracts were different. Alcohols and hydrocarbons were the major functional groups in SDE and SE extract whereas esters and hydrocarbons were the major functional groups in SPME extracts. SPME was the most suitable method for analysis of fresh volatiles from Fuji apples.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.329-338
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• 1994

The retention behaviors of natural gas components were studied on a single column by gas chromatography. The dead time, $t_0$ was obtained by using extrapolation of homologous series to determine capacity factors. The plots of retention data for homologous series and carbon number at different temperatures were shown to converge into a single point, which point was determined as a dead time. The results of the effect of temperature on the column efficiency for n-butane exhibited the plate number, N incerased with temperature, but the resolution among the fast eluted components decreased. The adsorption enthalpy (${\Delta}H^0{_{ads}}$) for each component on 28% DC 200 stationary phase was determined, and in order to investigate the retention behaviors of natural gas components the regression analysis of log $t_R$, log k' and log ${\alpha}$ vs. van der Waals volume(Vw), molecular connectivity index(X) and hydrophobic fragmental constant(f) were carred out. Good correlation was found between log k' vs. Vw, and log k' vs. f. The correlations between the physical properties of natural gas and the physical parameters were investigated by the linear regression analysis. The relationships between Vw vs. molecular weight and heating value(${\Delta}H_{comb}$), X vs. boiling point, and f vs. molecular weight, boiling point and heating value exhibited the high correlation coefficient more than 0.99. Using the regression equation between the heating value of natural gas and Vw the predicted heating values from $C_6$ to $C_{10}$ showed good agreement with those reported in the literature within 0.2% relative error.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.545-554
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• 2003

Design of the optical modulator composed of a three-waveguide coupler and CPW traveling-wave electrodes was carried out. Switching phenomena of three-waveguide couplers were analyzed by using the coupled mode theory, and the coupling-lengths of the devices were calculated by means of the FDM. CPW traveling-wave electrodes were analysed by the CMM and SOR simulation technique in order to find the conditions of phase-velocity and impedance matching. Traveling-wave modulators were fabricated on z-cut LiNbO$_3$ substrate. Ti was in-diffused in LiNbO$_3$ to make waveguides and Au electrodes were built on the waveguides by the electrolyte technique. The fabricated modulator chip was end-polished, pig-tailed and packaged in a brass mount with K-connector. The insertion loss and the switching voltage of the optical modulator were about 4㏈ and 19V, respectively. Network analyzer was used to obtain the S parameter and the corresponding RF response. From the measurement, parameters of the traveling-wave electrodes were extracted to be Z$_{c}$= 45 Ω, N$_{eff}$=2.20, and $\alpha$$_{0}$=0.055/cm√GHZ. The measured optical response R($\omega$) was compared with the theoretically estimated one, showing both responses agree well. The measurement results revealed that 3㏈ bandwidth turned out to be about 13 GHz.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

The annealing-temperature dependence of magnetic properties in compressed powder cores being composed of ball-milled F $e_{73.5}$C $u_1$N $b_3$S $i_{15.5}$ $B_{7}$ alloy powders (size 250∼850${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and 5 wt% of ceramic insulators has been investigated. When annealed at 5$50^{\circ}C$ for 1 h and so transformed to $\alpha$-Fe phase nanocrystalline structure with the grain size of 11 nm (electrical resistivity : 110 $\mu$Ω$.$cm), the highest effective permeability of 125 and quality factor of 53 were obtained, and the permeability persisted up to about 500 KHz. Further the core loss measured at the frequency of 50 KHz and the induction amplitude of 0.1 T was very low (230 mW/㎤). However the dc bias characteristics was not satisfactory as compared to that of conventional powder core materials(MPP, Sendust etc.). The inferior dc bias property of F $e_{73.5}$C $u_1$N $b_3$S $i_{15.5}$ $B_{7}$ alloy powder cores was attributed to the fact that the size of powder was too large for obtaining the same permeability with that of conventional materials.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.410-416
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• 2004

In this study, we fabricated magnetite coated on a cordierite honeycomb which has complex shape by ultrasound-enhanced ferrite plating. The effects of the plating condition on the formation of the magnetite and its microstructure were investigated. The magnetite coated on the honeycomb became an oxygen-deficient ferrite by H$_2$ gas reduction, then the effects of the molar concentrations of ammonium acetate for $CO_2$ gas decomposition have been studied. As the molar concentration of a pH buffer($CH_3$COONH$_4$, 0.1946∼0.3892 M) solution increased, the average particle size increased about 200∼250 nm. The magnetite coated on the honeycomb was reduced by H$_2$ gas for 2 h at 30$0^{\circ}C$. The inner pressure change in the cell began to occur at 315∼34$0^{\circ}C$. The H$_2$-Reduced magnetite coated on the honeycomb at 35$0^{\circ}C$ contained an oxygen deficient magnetite and $\alpha$-Fe phase. The thermogravimetric analysis with H$_2$ reduction and $CO_2$ decomposition were carried out with the magnetite coated on the honeycomb. A weight loss in process of H$_2$ reduction occurred between 32$0^{\circ}C$ and 34$0^{\circ}C$, while a weight gain was observed during the $CO_2$ decomposition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.123-136
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won (WC) on the in vitro neuronal development and alteration in gene expression in a hypoxia model using cultured rat cortical cells. Methods : E/sub 18/ rat cortical cells were grown in a neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement and various concentration of WC. Initial development of growth cone was investigated by phase-contrast microscopy, while dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis were investigated by immunocytochemistry with SynGAPα(a postsynaptic marker) and synaptophysin (presynaptic marker) antibodies. Alteration in gene expression was analyses by microarray using rat 5K-TwinChips. Results : WC suppressed the development of growth cones and WC increased the number of dendritic spines at 20 and 50㎍/mL concentration but there was no statistical significance. Instead, it significantly decreased the number at 100㎍/mL. The expression of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl2-like 1 (Bcl211) increased (Global M=0.46), while Akt1 decreased. Proapoptosis genes Bad and PDCD2 increased. The expression of hemoglobin alpha 1 (probably neuroglobin) increased (Global M=0.93). The expression of antioxidants such as catalase, heme oxygenase (HO), and PRKAG2 gene increased. The expression PKC gene increased. The expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) increased significantly (Global M=1.0). Conclusions : These data suggest that WC trends to suppress cellular activity slightly in normoxia and increases the expression of apoptosis-, antioxidation-, oxygen capture-related genes in hypoxia, but increases Bcl111 that anti-apoptosis gene, on the other hand increases Bad, PDCD2 that pro-apoptosis genes, too..

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.752-760
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• 2008

Scale-up production of low-trans fat containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA-TFO) was performed through lipase-catalyzed synthesis. Blend of fully hydrogenated soybean oil, olive oil containing conjugated linoleic acid and palm oil with 1:2:7 ratio was interesterified through Lipozyme RM IM in the 1 L-batch type reactor at $65^{\circ}C$ for 12 hrs, and the physicochemical and melting properties of CLA-TFO were compared with conventional (high trans fat) or commercial low-trans fat shortening. The trans fatty acids content in the conventional shortening (48.8 area%) was much higher than that of low-trans shortening (0.4 area%) and CLA-TFO (0.3 area%+CLA; 7.6 area%). Acid, saponification and iodine values of CLA-TFO were 0.4, 173.9 and 59.0, respectively. Their ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol contents showed 4.7, 1.0 mg/100 g. Differences were observed in the solid fat contents (SFC), melting point of the conventional or low-trans fat and CLA-TFO. Each SFC of conventional, low-trans fat and CLA-TFO was 32.0, 29.3 and 30.4% with melting point of 38.5, 43.0 and $39.5^{\circ}C$ at $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. In texture profile analysis, hardness of conventional, low-trans fat and CLA-TFO was 111.7, 75.2 and 63.8 g.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 2015

ZSM-5 crystals grew on the surface of ${\alpha}$-SiC and ${\beta}$-SiC particles by hydrothermal synthesis method. SiC particles which were > $50{\mu}m$ of size were used, and oxide layer were developed on the surface of the particles to induce growth of ZSM-5 from the surface. Then, synthesis time and temperature condition were considered growing ZSM-5. In this study, oxide layer was formed on ${\beta}$-SiC at $900^{\circ}C$ in air, and it was controlled to grow ZSM-5 grew from the ${\beta}$-SiC surface with $150^{\circ}C$ synthesis condition. This is due to Si-O-Si or Si-O-Al bond, which is basic framework of ZSM-5 can be easily formed, from the silicon oxide film on the surface of ${\beta}$-SiC. When the synthesis temperature was $200^{\circ}C$, the size of ZSM-5 was increased, and it covered much area of the SiC surface with better crystal shapes with longer synthesis time.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.209-215
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• 2009

M-type barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) powders were synthesized through the co-precipitation method. Starting material composition $Fe^{3+}:\;Ba^{2+}$ mole ratio was fixed as 8 and the relative amount of $Fe^{3+}$ and $Ba^{2+}$ was controlled. Structure and magnetic properties and powder morphology were investigated using XRD, SEM, VSM. Powder showing high coercivity and small magnetization was obtained at pH8 and $Fe_{3+}:\;Ba_{2+}$ of 12 : 1.5. Small magnetization value was originated from the existence of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$. Single-phase Mtype barium ferrite were obtained regardless of the heat treatment condition and the amount of $Fe_{3+}\;and\;Ba_{2+}$ at pH$\approx$10. The largest value of magnetization (55.7 emu/g) under investigation were obtained when $Fe_{3+}:\;Ba_{2+}$ of 13.6 : 1.7 and furnace cooled powder in $O_2$. Particle size of powder was in the range of 50~200 nm.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2002

Tetraselmis suecica (T. suecica) of Prasinophyta was selected because the growth rate is comparatively higher and the culturing is also easy. In order to investigate antioxidative activity, the soluble elements of T. suecica were fractionated using water and organic solvents such as methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol. The chloroform fraction of T. suecica showed strong antioxidative activity. The potential antioxidative activity was detected in hexane: ethylacetate (1:5) once used the fractions by different mixtures of organic solvents. This fraction was further purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and repeated reverse-phase HPLC. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences obtained by UV, FT-IR, FAB-MS and NMR, the compound purified from T. suecica was identified as pheophorbide-a. The antioxidative activity of the compound was comparable to that of $\alpha$-tocopherol and could be act as an antioxidant in foods.