• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.461-463
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 유아부터 노인까지 간단한 조작법으로 쉽게 즐길 수 있는 게임을 만들고자 한다. Space Bar를 주로 이용하는 One-Button방식의 게임으로 연타를 하는 미니게임들이지만 '순발력'과 '정확도'를 필요로 하는 게임이다. 다른 게임들은 화려한 이펙트와 다양한 조작법으로 흥미를 이끌어 내기는 하지만 저연령층과 고연령층이 다가서기엔 힘든 부분이 있다. 그래서 간단한 조작으로 게임을 즐길 수 있는 게임을 만들어 보고자 했다. 친근감 있는 시나리오와 캐릭터를 통해 남녀노소 누구나 쉽게 접할 수 있고, 오락적인 요소만 있는 것이 아니라 게임을 통한 성취감과 경쟁심을 유도함으로서 게임에 더욱 몰입 할 수 있다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.621-623
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• 2023

전자금융거래 시장이 활발해지며 이에 따라 신용 카드 이상 거래가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 많은 금융 기관은 신용 카드 이상 거래 탐지 시스템을 사용하여 신용 카드 이상 거래를 탐지하고 개인 피해를 줄이는 등 소비자를 보호하기 위해 큰 노력을 하고 있으며, 이에 따라 높은 정확도로 신용 카드 이상 거래를 탐지할 수 있는 실시간 자동화 시스템에 대한 개발이 요구되었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 머신러닝 기법 중 부스팅 알고리즘을 사용하여 더욱 정확한 신용 카드 이상 거래 탐지 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost 부스팅 알고리즘을 사용하여 보다 정확한 신용 카드 이상 거래 탐지 시스템을 개발하였으며, 실험 결과 평균적으로 정밀도 99.95%, 재현율 99.99%, F1-스코어 99.97%를 취득하여 높은 신용 카드 이상 거래 탐지 성능을 보여주는 것을 확인하였다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.453-455
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• 2023

본 연구는 은행에서 리스크 관리 자동화를 위해 고객의 대출 상환 여부 예측 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 예측 모델로 금융 데이터 같은 정형데이터에서 전통적으로 높은 성능을 보인 의사결정나무기반 모델 LightGBM, CatBoost, XGB 와 최근 제안된 정형데이터에서 사용할 수 있는 설명 가능한 딥러닝 기반 모델 TabNet 간의 성능 비교를 진행한다. 다만, 대출 상환 여부 데이터는 불균형 클래스 데이터로 구성되어있어 샘플링을 진행한다. SMOTE, Random Under Sampling, 혼합 방식을 비교해 가장 높은 성능의 샘플링 기법을 제안한다. 대출 상환 여부 예측 결과 TabNet 모델이 의사결정나무모델들보다 좋은 성능을 보여 정형데이터에서 의사결정나무 기반 모델을 딥러닝 모델이 대체 할 수 있는 가능성을 확인했다.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2004

Objectives : JianTeng-Yuan(交藤圓) is said to be a prescription for preservation of health in ${\ulcorner}$HuaTuo ZhongZangJing(華陀 中藏經)${\lrcorner}$. It is known to have the effect of Bu-Shen(補腎: strengthening kidney) and Yi-Shou(益壽: prolonging the span of one's life). This study investigates whether JTY is effective on inhibition of oxidation stress. Methods : Sprague-Dawley Rats(12-week-old, weight $300{\pm}20g$) were divided into 3 groups. Normal group(n=8) was injected PBS(1ml/body, s.c) at the back neck's skin. Control group(n=8) was injected D-galactose(50mg/kg, 1ml PBS/body, s.c) to induce pathological animals. JTY group was injected the same treatment for the Control group, and fed containing JTY(10%). The whole groups were treated 1 time per day for 6 weeks. After rats were sacrificed and anti-oxidant enzyme(SOD, CAT, G-px) activity, GSH quantity of RBC and tissue(heart, liver and kidney), plasma Vit-C quantity were examined. Besides, the MDA levels of liver and kidney, lipofuscin of heart and endurance of erythrocyte membrane were measured. Results : In the JTY group, RBC's SOD activity decline was halted by 21% of the normal level, compared to the control group ; G-px activity(unit/g of Hb) increased significantly, compared to the normal group ; and the level of Vit-C in plasma increased by 16%. Heart's SOD activity was kept at the same level as that of the normal group ; and CAT activity decline was halted by 26%. Kidney's CAT and G-px activities were kept at the same level as that shown in the normal group, implying the existence of halting effect. Liver also showed a slight halting effect against the decline of anti-oxidant ability, but the effect was not significant(a=0.05). A comparison between the levels of peroxide in SD rats showed that the level of TBARS in plasma increased significantly in the control group and that it was normal in the JTY group. The livers in the JTY group, compared to those in the control group, showed 36% halting effect of the normal level while their kidney's indicated the level significantly lower than the normal level. Heart's lipofuscin increased significantly in the control group, but was alike in both the JTY and the normal groups. Endurance of erythrocyte membrane(%) decreased significantly in the control group while it was kept at the similar level in both the JTY and the normal groups, indicating the halting effect. Conclusions : This study suggests that JTY is effective to defend oxidation stress caused by D-galactose in the animals. It showed that the anti-oxidant ability was maintained and strengthened. On the other hand, it reduced the level of peroxide in animals. In sum, JTY appeared to have the equilibrium normal physiological function in SD rat.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 1989

Production of circulating specific antibodies to the lung fluke (Paragenimus westermani) by its host is well known and used in various kinds of immunodiagnostic methods, However, it has not been well documented which compartments (or structures) of the lung fluke are most responsible for the production of specific antibodies. The present immunohistochemical study was undertaken to demonstrate the antigenicity of each body compartment of p. westermani such as suckers, tegument, spines, vitelline glands, intestine, reproductive organs(male and female), and eggs. Indiret immunoperoxidase(IP) stain technique was applied, using formalin-fked, paraffin- embedded lung tissues of P westermani-infected cats sectioned in 4 Um thickness as the antigen and cat antisera (11~20 weeks of infection) as the primary antibody. Peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-cat IgG was used as the secondary antibody and diaminobensidine(DAB) as the coloring agent. Strong yellow or yellowish brown staining was regarded positive. The primary and secondary antibody dilutions were made at 1 : 500~1 : 2, 000 and 1 : 200~1 : 500 respectively, and IP stain was repeated 10 times for each dilution. A consistent result obtained was that the intestinal epithelial border, intestinal content, vitelline glands, and eggs scattered around the worm capsule showed strong positive staining, while uterine eggs and some parenchymal portions showed weak positive reaction. On the other hand, the suckers, tegument, spines, subtegumental cells, cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells, male reproductive organs, and ovary revealed negative staining. The body compartments showing higher antigenicity were, in the decreasing order, the intestinal epithelial border, intestinal content, eggs in the worm capsule, vitelline glands, uterine eggs, and parenchymatous portions. The intestinal epithelial border and luminal contents revealed positive staining even at a few concentration of 1 : 4, 000 primary antibody(secondary ab., 1 : 200) whereas the parenchymatous portion showed positive reaction only at higher concentrations than 1'500 (secondary ab., 1 : 200). The results suggest that the specific antibody responses of the host to p. westermani occur most strongly upon the excretes from the intestinal epithelium of the worm and e99s Produced around the worm capsule,

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1986

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) using crude and affinity-purified antigens of adult worms of Paragonimus westermani was performed for infected cat sera with different worm burden, from preinfection to 18th week after infection. Crude antigen was used with supernatant of homogenated worms by freezing-thawing method, and the supernate was centrifuged for 1 hour at 10,000 rpm at $4^{\circ}C$. Affinity-purified antigen(antibody-bound antigen) was prepared from fractions(bound and unbound) of crude antigen by affinity chromatography on CNBr-activated sepharose 4B, and IgG as a ligand was prepared from paragonimiasis cat serum(6 months infected) obtained by ammonium sulfate ($40%{\sim}45%$ saturated) precipitation method. By SDS-PAGE, crude antigen showed 22 polypeptide fractions while purified antigen showed 4 fractions: 36, 400, 34, 700, 27, 600 and 11, 500 in molecular weights. All cats were divided into five groups($G_1-G_5$) by different worm burdens. The mean of recovered worms(${\pm}SD$) and the number of cats in each group are as follows: $G_1$, 2 worms(0) and 4 cats; $G_2$, 4.75 (${\pm}0.66$) and eight; $G_3$, 10.75(${\pm}1.92$) and four; $G_4$, 23.20(${\pm}3.43$) and five; $G_5$, 48(${\pm}12.63$) and five cats. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The antibody levels(OD value) increased by worm burden in $G_1$ to $G_4$ generally. However, individual antibody levels were not exactly related with worm burden in all groups, especially there was a wide difference in $G_4$ and $G_5$. These results suggested that the worm burden in $G_4$ (about $20{\sim}30$ worms) is enough to produce antibody maximum in cats of $2{\sim}3kg$ weight. 2. The antibody levels increased significantly(p<0.05) compared to control sera at the 3rd week in $G_1$ and $G_2$, at the 2nd week in $G_3$, and at the 1st week in $G_4$ and $G_5$. Especially in the 4th week, OD value increased more in $G_1$(p<0.01) and in $G_2$ to $G_5$(p<0.001). In the pattern of antibody levels by ELISA in each group, OD in $G_1$ increased to the 18th week continuously, in $G_2$ OD was maintained same after the 16th week, but in $G_3$ it decreased after the 16th week, and it was maintained same in $G_4$ and $G_5$ after the 14th week. 3. The antibody levels by ELISA with the affinity-purified antigen were higher than those with crude antigen in all groups generally. Especially, the difference of OD values between two antigens was larger from the 4th to the 10th week. In $G_1$ and $G_2$ OD with purified antigen was higher than that with crude one to the 18th week. It was also higher in $G_3$ than that with crude antigen to the 16th week and OD of $G_4$ and $G_5$ were higher before the 14th week than that with crude antigen, however became lower at the 16th week. Consequently, the antibody level in ELISA with affinity-purified antigen was more sensitive at the early weeks after infection and in light infection groups than that with crude antigen.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.351-360
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to predict visual-spatial working memory performance through the characteristics of an electroencephalogram (EEG) in the resting state. The 31 study participants, middle school students with various to academic performance, were underwent visual-spatial working memory test in the Comprehensive Attention Test (CAT) on December in 2014. Each 7 and 6 participants were divided into an Excellent Working Memory (EWM) group and Poor Working Memory (PWM) group depending on the forward/backward working memory scores. The EEG measurements and analysis of the data from a Brain Function Tester were performed by the two groups. A Mann-Whitney Test was used to examine the statistical differences between them. The activation of high beta (${\beta}H$) at the Fp1 and Fp2 sites in the left and right hemisphere, and that of the low beta (${\beta}L$) in the right hemisphere in the EWM group was significantly higher than that in the PWM group. In conclusion, there is a correlation between the visual-spatial working memory performance and the activation of ${\beta}H$ and ${\beta}L$ in the resting state and a close correlation that of ${\beta}L$ in the right hemisphere in terms of mental activity and faculty. Therefore, the visual-spatial working memory performance can be predicted by the activation of ${\beta}H$ and ${\beta}L$ in the resting state. The activation of EEG can be applied as an assessment tool and provide basis data for visual-spatial working memory performance.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1968

The levels of activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in both the pancreatic tissue and serum of 18 species of vertebrate animals were measured and enzymologically compared with each other. 1) The value of amylase in the pancreas of experimental mammalia has been found decreasing in the order pig, rat, dog, cat, rabbit and cow; that of pancreatic lipase has been found decreasing in the order of pig, dog, cat, rat, rabbit and cow; and that of trypsin has been found decreasing in the order of pig, cow, dog, rat, rabbit. Thus the value of all the above three kinds of enzymes were observed highest in pig, but in cow amylase and lipase were observed lowest while trypsin were observed considerably high. 2) In view of diets, the comparatively high values of pancreatic enzyme were observed in the ommivorous animals such as pig, rat, dog, while the values observed low in the herbivorous animals, such as cow and rabbit. 3) In the bovine, the values were observed moderately high except lipase which were found comparatively low. 4) In the Reptilia and Amphibia such a mud turttle and frog, the values were shown in similar measure with each other, that is, the pancreatic amylase and trypsin were observed considerably high while the lipase was found low. 5) In the species of Reptilia such as a viper and snake, the activities of pancreatic enzymes were not detected. But in the tissue of liver, stomach, activities of the enzymes were found considerably high. Lacertilia animals such as lizard the values of pancreatic enzymes were little observed. 6) In the fish in which the pancreatic tissue is scattered in the liver, the pancreatic enzymes were found in the liver tissue considerably higher than in the other tissues but lower than in the warm-blooded animals, especially the lipase was lower. 7) In generally the values of serum amylase and lipase were observed higher than those of man; and even in the cold-blooded animals in which the values of pancreatic enzymes were shown low or none, the values were also observed high. 8) The above three kinds of pancreatic enzyme values of those experimental animals have shown a tendency of higher degree in higher taxa than in lower taxa according to taxonomical order. 9) In view of tissue, the pancreatic cell was observed large in the mammalian animals such as rat and pig and cytoplasm was also abundantly contained in the acinous cell; and the bovine and the snake haave the pancreatic cells of the similar rosette form the comparatively large acinous cells of long rhombic form in the comparatively large acinous cells of long rhombic form in which the spindle shaped neucleus and the abundant cytoplasm were contained. In the fish the pancreatic cell were found scattered in the liver in which the very large pancreatic islet were found.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

Present study aims to investigate the effect of muddy water on the gill and the kidney tissues of Zacco koreanus under high turbidity rearing condition. The gill of Z. koreanus showed abnormal shapes in its secondary lamellae and a rough surface with impure debris in the high level of turbidity and the longer raising period condition. In addition, the gills showed the edema, the exfoliation of epithelial cell, and the fusion of the secondary lamellae. In case of kidney tissue, the atrophied glomerulus was observed, and the empty space in Bowman's capsule was wider. The SOD activities in both gill and kidney tissues were increased in proportion to the high level of turbidity. On the while, CAT and GPX activities were shown constant level in the gill, but were increased in the kidney in the high turbid muddy water. These results indicate that the harmful radicals which generate by high level of turbidity could be removed partly by antioxidant enzymes in the kidney. The concentrations of micro heavy metal ions accumulated in the gill increased drastically at the 1,000 NTU. Based on the above results, it is considered that the exposure to the high level of turbidity for long period may affect on the structures of tissues, and change the enzymatic balance in Z. koreanus, causing the fatal disease.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.239-247
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to obtain the have higher contents of pharmaceutical constituents as well as higher yield from colchicine induced diploid and tetraploid extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum. In order to determine the biological activity, this study was focused to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial on the bronthus disease bacteria, antioxidant enzyme activity of diploid and tetraploid extracts in P. grandiflorum. The activities of antioxidant enzyme according to different solvent extracts were measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of P. grandiflorum showed significant differences between tetraploid and diploid. That is, the cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell was higher in tetraploid than in diploid. At all extracts concentration, tetraploid samples showed high toxicity and the $IC_{50}$ (concentration causing 50% cell death) value showed the highest on HCT-116 cell ($105.91{\mu}g/mL$), and exhibited significant activity against the Hep 3B cell ($140.67{\mu}g/mL$), SNU-1066 cell ($154.01{\mu}g/mL$), Hela cell ($158.37{\mu}g/mL$), SNU-601 cell ($182.67{\mu}g/mL$), Calu-6 cell ($190.42{\mu}g/mL$), MCF-7 cell ($510.19{\mu}g/mL$). Antimicrobial activities of diploid P. grandiflorum were relatively low compared to tetraploid P. grandiflorum on most of the bacterial strains. In tetraploid P. grandiflorum, K. pneumoniae showed the clear zone formation (18~19 mm) of growth inhibition, followed by the clear zone formation of 13~15 mm on C. diphtheria and S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial activities in diploid P. grandiflorum were the highest on K. pneumonia (14~15 mm), and showed the clear zone formation of 11~12 mm on C. diphtheria and 12~13 mm on S. pyogenes. The antimicrobial activity is thought to look different depending on the bacterial strains and the polyploidy of P. grandiflorum. The root extract of P. grandiflorum had the highest (97.2%) SOD enzyme activity in ethyl acetate partition layer of tetraploid while water partition layer of diploid showed the lowest (48.6%) SOD enzyme activity. The activity of CAT showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all partition layers except butyl alcohol. The activities of APX and POD showed higher values in the root of tetraploid than in the diploid of P. grandiflorum in all fraction solvents except water layer. These results indicate that the tetraploid P. grandiflorum can be used as a source for developing cytotoxic agent and antimicrobials which can act against bronchus diseases bacterial strains.