• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.435-455
• /
• 2010

이 논문은 주식투자 결정과 도박(gamble)의 심리가 상호 연관성이 있는가와 관련된 것이다. 집계변수(aggregated level)에서 경기가 불황일 때, 개인투자가들은 직접 복권(lottery tickets)을 구입하거나 복권과 같이 일확천금을 누릴 수 있는 동시에 위험성(risk)을 수반하는 주식을 선호하는 경향이 있다. 즉 경기가 불황에 놓일 경우에는 개인투자가들은 이러한 복권형(lottery-type) 주식과 복권(lottery)의 구매 및 보유를 늘리는 경향이 있다는 것이다. 특히 이러한 경향은 저소득 계층(low-income investors)과 청년, 교육의 혜택을 덜 받은 부류의 독신자, 대도시 거주자, 미국의 경우 흑인(African-American)과 히스패닉 등의 사회적 약자 등으로 알려지고 있다. 이러한 일반적인 경우가 데이터를 통해 알아볼 수 있는 지와 관련하여 실증분석 하였다. 하지만 이 분석을 통하여 개인투자가들이 경기불황일 때 위험한(risky) 주식의 보유 경향을 늘린다는 가정을 지지할 수 있는 결과를 도출하지 못하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2010

It is never an easy task to physically randomize the sequence of cards. For instance, US 1970 draft lottery resulted in a social turmoil since the outcome sequence of 366 birthday numbers showed a significant relationship with the input order (Wikipedia, "Draft Lottery 1969", Retrieved 2009/05/01). We are motivated by Laplace's 1825 book titled Philosophical Essay on Probabilities that says "Suppose that the numbers 1, 2, ..., 100 are placed, according to their natural ordering, in an urn, and suppose further that, after having shaken the urn, to shuffle the numbers, one draws one number. It is clear that if the shuffling has been properly done, each number will have the same chance of being drawn. But if we fear that there are small differences between them depending on the order in which the numbers were put into the urn, we can decrease these differences considerably by placing these numbers in a second urn in the order in which they are drawn from the first urn, and then shaking the second urn to shuffle the numbers. These differences, already imperceptible in the second urn, would be diminished more and more by using a third urn, a fourth urn, &c." (translated by Andrew 1. Dale, 1995, Springer. pp. 35-36). Laplace foresaw what would happen to us in 150 years later, and, even more, suggested the possible tool to handle the problem. But he did omit the detailed arguments for the solution. Thus we would like to write the supplement in modern terms for Laplace in this research note. We formulate the problem with a lottery box model, to which Markov chain theory can be applied. By applying Markov chains repeatedly, one expects the uniform distribution on k states as stationary distribution. Additionally, we show that the probability of even-number of successes in binomial distribution with trials and the success probability $\theta$ approaches to 0.5, as n increases to infinity. Our theory is illustrated to the cases of truncated geometric distribution and the US 1970 draft lottery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.38
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 1996

In the descriptive studies investigating people's risk taking behavior, the most used experimental technique has been the simple lotteries which consist of only no possible outcomes. However, these simple lotteries cannot always be an appropriate representation of the real world decision-making situations, where three or more possible outcomes are frequently encountered. The purpose of the present study is to investigate people's risk attitude in various multi-branch lottery games.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2010

The conventional bus system architecture consists of masters, slaves, arbiter, decoder and so on in shared bus. As several masters can't use a bus concurrently, arbiter plays an role in arbitrating the bus. The efficiency of bus usage can be determined by the selection of arbitration method. Fixed Priority, Round-Robin, TDMA and Lottery arbitration policies are studied in the conventional arbitration method where the bus priority is primarily considered. In this paper, we propose the arbitration method that calculates the bus utilization of each master. Furthermore, we verify the performance compared with the other arbitration methods through TLM(Transaction Level Model). From the results of performance verification, the arbitration methods of Fixed Priority and Round-Robin can not set the bus utilization and those of TDMA and Lottery happen the error of 50% and 70% respectively compared with bus utilization set by user in more than 100,000 cycles. On the other hand, the bandwidth-award bus arbitration method remains the error of less than 1% since approximately 1000 cycles, compared with bus utilization set by user.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.247-261
• /
• 2004

According to several researches and news reports on the lottery system for a school entrance, the private education fee, lower quality of education and classroom crisis at our real education settings are serious. The author analyses that those problems are not because of the lottery system for a school entrance itself, because of not changing the lecturing to all the students in a class into proper teaching and learning method for school condition regards to the lottery system changed 30 years ago. The lottery system makes that the different levels of students are in one class. The author recommends changing the general lecturing into the teaching and learning method by using the information processing models which are made for individual study. She also interprets the synthesis level of a information processing model for the use of teachers and librarians. The synthesis level is most ambiguous process for students when they organize the information gathered into a report.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.1879-1884
• /
• 2013

The general bus system architecture consists of masters, slaves, arbiter, decoder and so on in shared bus. As several masters can't use a bus concurrently, arbiter plays an role in bus arbitration. In compliance with the selection of arbitration method, The efficiency of bus usage can be determined. Fixed Priority, Round-Robin, TDMA, Lottery arbitration are studied in conventional arbitration method. In this paper, we draw the performance analysis of Fixed Priority, Round Robin, TDMA and Lottery bus arbitration policies due to the data traffic concentration and propose the methods of performance improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.1653-1658
• /
• 2009

SoC(System on a Chip) has several masters, slaves, arbiter and decoder in bus architecture. Master initiates the data transactions like CPU, DMA and DSP and slave responses the data transactions like SRAM, SDRAM and register. Furthermore, as multiple masters can't use a bus concurrently, arbiter plays an role in bus arbitration. In compliance with the selection of arbitration method, SoC performance can be changed definitely. In this study, we compare the characteristics of various arbitration policies using TLM(Transaction Level Model) method. Fixed priority, round-robin, TDMA and Lottery bus policies are used in general arbitration method. We analyze the merit and demerit of these arbitration policies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.2009-2014
• /
• 2012

The general bus system architecture consists of masters, slaves, arbiter, decoder and so on in shared bus. As several masters can't use a bus concurrently, arbiter plays an role in bus arbitration. In compliance with the selection of arbitration method, The efficiency of bus usage can be determined. Fixed Priority, Round-Robin, TDMA, Lottery arbitration are studied in conventional arbitration method. In this paper, we draw the performance comparison of TDMA and Lottery bus arbitration policy developed recently due to farious conditions and propose the methods of performance improvement.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2000

In recent dates, Internet advertising effects are expanded by the steep increment of the Internet users and the extension of the advertising market will be accelerated through Internet. This paper indicates the importance of Internet advertising and suggests the solution of a network advertising service. The system Is divided into an Advertise Server, an Advertiser and a Web Publisher. This study proposes both the collection and the analysis of traffic data in real time. Also, the banner advertising frames are smoothed for the impression using the solution for the banner exchange engine and are developed using various impression methods, that is, Fixed/variable Banner, Scheduling Banner, Multi-Impression Banner, and Frame Remote Control to increase the advertising effect. And then to increase the advertising effect web publisher, which is specialized in lottery site, is constructed using the network advertising service and various advertising technology.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the influence of different methods of distributing sweepstakes (i.e., whether consumers choose to enter into the sweepstakes themselves or they are given the sweepstake ticket by default) on the effectiveness of the sweepstakes promotion (i.e., interest in the sweepstakes and intention to participate in the sweepstakes). Research design, data and methodology: The paper verifies this effect through three experimental studies: an online experiment using a sweepstakes promotion scenario at a department store, an online SNS sweepstakes promotion event, and a face-to-face card lottery game. Results: Participants belonging the group that chose sweepstakes tickets by themselves showed higher interest and intention to participate in the sweepstakes than those who were given the sweepstakes ticket by default. Furthermore, the group that chose the sweepstakes card thought it had a higher probability of winning than the group given the sweepstakes card. Conclusions: This paper shows a way to enhance the promotional effect of sweepstakes in the retail stores, without incurring additional costs, by approaching from sweepstakes design from the psychological perspective of the consumer. The study also sheds new light on the effect of sense of control manipulation using choice behavior in the promotional context.