In recent years Korea fisheries have been much more influenced than ever before by domestic and foreign environmental changes such as market liberalization, sustainability, efficiency and effectiveness of domestic fisheries, fisher's welfare etc. Under the wide range of environmental changes, government is carrying out various fisheries policies. However, it seems insufficient to accomplish policy goals under the existing policy instruments. The main focus of the paper is to investigate structural changes and policy directions of fisheries finance in Korea after asian economic crisis. The results of the study are as follows; Fisheries sector in whole economy has been lowering in its proportion. To survive in emerging global competition, fisheries sector is needed structural reformation. In particular the strategy that increases operative efficiency and effectiveness on government financial policy in fisheries sector is much expected. Also, it is necessary to minimize costs, to reform institution and management for increasing efficiency and effectiveness.

The study tries to suggest one kind of method for measuring expost commutative fisheries damages caused by a large scale coastal reclamation. The situation of fisheries damages which the paper is considering is different from those of general cases:the latter is a priori investigation but the former is a posteriori one. Therefore we need a different approach for exact measurement of such kind of fisheries damages. The key contribution of the paper is to try to estimate a decreasing production function using the results of present investigation and several statistical data about our coastal fisheries productivity and environmental deterioration. Using the function, the paper tries to derive the expected catch amount and damage amount.

This study intends to review the development of Squid Angling Fisheries of Korea and Japan and subsequent changes in the fisheries regime as well as management conditions and to examine reorganization directions. Although catches and productivity are all increasing in Korea and Japan as the squid resource in the East Sea is improving, the number of fishing vessels and the conditions of fisheries management are showing a symmetrical relationship. The former is increasing in Korea and decreasing in Japan while the latter is aggravating in Korea and rather stable in Japan. And while the competition between the two countries for more fishing grounds and catches are not that serious since the resource is relatively increasing, the catch and price competition with other domestic fisheries is a more significant problem. Furthermore, even though light restriction is implemented in both countries in order to suppress over-competition, it is adopted as a means to curtail management costs and block over-investment rather than to adjust international or inter-fisheries circumstances. Japan has been implementing the TAC system on squid resources since 1998. However, it has a different meaning than as a resource management method in its original sense because it is based on the highest catch level of the past and takes into consideration the fishermen's management conditions. In case of Korea, it is necessary to establish a plan to strengthen its fisheries management competence to address its shrinking catch in the Japanese waters. The developments mentioned so far have appeared amidst the increase of squid resources, and if such conditions disappear, problems such as international allocation of catches and fishing seasons, access to fishing grounds, and domestic conflicts among different fisheries will emerge.

The market conditions of sea mustard is changing by overproduction, decreasing price, Import of blanched and salted sea mustard from China into Korea domestic market and increasing market share of sea mustard of China in Japan. In addition, the price support program in sea mustard aquaculture must be modified due to the restriction of domestic support by international organization such as WTO. There are two ways to solve those problems. First is that finding a way to solve the overproduction of sea mustard. One of possible ways is the production adjustment by Marketing Order. Second is that finding an alternative way to replace price support program. The possible way is Direct Payment instead of purchase stockpile system. To introduce marketing Order, outlook center, organization of self-management, production adjustment through output control measure, improvement of market structure, and education/publicity arc necessary. Also, to implement marketing order, setting a model business by government is required. There are two steps for implementation of marketing order. First step is to construct Order Committee including organization of producer, people related marketing. However, this committee must run by government for certain short-term. Second step is to improve quality of product and acceleration of demand. At visual point that enforcement of the first step is completed, government has process that government transfers Order Committees self-correcting. It is desirable that government only conduct the support acts such as quality improvement and acceleration of demand. Also, at early stage it is necessary to have aid system for marketing order For example, we can expect that income increase by production adjustment in long run. However, in short run the income of producer may decrease so, it is required to compensate his economic lose. For compensation, The useful means that can be utilized is direct payment. Direct payment is not continued policy. Also, when production adjustment policy such as Marketing Order has effective results, Direct Payment as an assistant measure must be reduced or abolished. Therefore, when production adjustment acts as an effective tool to control overproduction, Direct Payment system.

이 논문은 2002년도 부경대학교 수산경영학과 박사학위논문(A Study on Institutional Arrangements for Quota-Based Management : The Case of China's Marine Capture Fisheries)의 일부이다. 이 논문의 기본목적은 취터제에 기초한 중국의 어업관리를 위한 제도적인 틀을 세우고자 하는데 있으며, 이런 목적을 달성하기에 위해 이 논문은 다음과 같이 구성하여 연구를 진행시켰다. 제1장은 연구목적과 문제의 제기에 이어 제2장에서는 중국 해양어업의 개발과 이에 따른 문제점을 분석하였으며, 여기에서 궈터제에 기초한 어업관리정책의 제도적 제안을 함과 동시에, 제3장에서는 중국 해양어업의 현실과 중국 사회의 일반적인 현상을 분석하여 제4장을 통해 쿼터제에 기초한 중국의 어업관리를 위한 제도적 프레임러크를 제안하였다. 마지막으로 본 논문을 요약하고 향후 계속되어야 할 연구과제를 제시하였다. 본 논문의 중요한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 현재 중국 수산업의 관리체제는 질적 규제 중심 관리제도, 그리고 정부 주도하의 어업관리 과정으로 특징지을 수 있다. 이러한 명령과 통제 (command-and-control) 방식의 전통적인 중국어업 관리제도로서는 어업인들에게 있어서 자원 보존에 대한 동기와 제도에 대한 수용성을 약화시키며, 정부 규제를 오히려 무시하게 되는 결과를 초래한다. 결과적으로 현형 중국의 어업관리제도는 어업인에게 있어서 자원 보전에 대한 유인을 약화시키고 단기적인 수익을 극대화하도록 유도하는 맹점을 지니므로 인해 더 이상 지속적인 어업성립의 보장을 할 수 없다는 점을 지적할 수 있다. 중국정부는 이러한 어업관리제도의 불완전성을 인식하여 2000년 10월 31일에 1986년 에 제정된 수산업법을 개정하게 되었으며, 새로운 중국의 수산업법은 어업 허가제도와 함께 할당량제에 기초한 어업관리제도를 국가가 운영하는 것으로 특징지을 수 있다. 그러나 아직까지 중국은 할당제에 근거한 어업관리제도를 미실시중에 있으며, 그 내용도 애매모호한 점을 많이 가지고 있다. 또한 중국의 절대적 어획량은 현재 논란의 여지로 남아있고, 거대 어업 인구의 근본적인 요구와 중국 어선의 국제적인 경쟁력, 그리고 유어(遊漁)에 대한 사회적 요구 등도 중국의 수산정책이 채결해야 할 과제이다. 위에서 고찰한 내용을 기초로 하여 우리는 중국의 쿼터제에 기초한 어업관리에 대해 다음과 같은 몇 가지를 제안한다. 중국 연근해어업에 있어서 할당제 모형에 참가하는 어업 참여자들의 유형은 세 가지로 구분할 수 있다. 첫째는 어촌에 거주하면서 생존수단으로 소규모 어업에 종사하는 경우이고, 둘째는 유어어업의 경우이며, 셋째는 상업적 목적으로 어업에 종사하는 집단으로 나눌 수 있다. 이러한 세 집단을 하나의 제도의 틀로 통합하기 위해서는 국가의 총허용어획량(TAC)을 총 어촌 허용어획량(TAIVCs)과 총 허용 유어 어획량(TARCs) 및 총허용 상업적 어획량 (TACCs)의 세부문으로 나눌 것을 제안한다. 그리하여 다시 TAFVCs와 TARCs, 그리고 TACCs는 어촌별 어획량(ITCQs), 개별 유어 회사별 어획량(IRCQs), 그리고 양도 가능한 개별 상업적 어획량(ITCQs)으로 나누어 관리하도록 한다. 이와 같이 중국의 국가 총허용어획량(TAC)을 IFVQs와 IRCQs, 그리고 ITQCQs의 세부문으로 구분하여 할당하고, 여기에 기초하여 어업을 관리하는 것은 중국에 있어서 사회적 형평성과 경제적 효율성과의 상충관계를 고려하여 고안된 것으로, 중국에 있어서 수산업을 통한 경제적 및 사회적 효과를 동시에 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

Korean distant water trawl fisheries were sector of most important distant water fisheries with tuna long liner fisheries during the development age in Korea. Nevertheless Korean distant water trawl fisheries have suffered from catches and Income problem. It was caused to the strengthen regulation of costal countries, the rapid liberalization trend of trade on the fishing products and the shortage of cheap manpower, etc. In this situation, Korean government is inclined to convert big adjacent trawl fisheries of distant water trawl fisheries for structure adjustment In domestic fisheries. that is analyzed to incorrect method because the efficiency of management indicator in adjacent trawl fisheries was bad than distant water trawl fisheries. Then this policy of Korean government needs to convert anything else. Also it was compared with one of Japan to the efficiency of management indicator of Korean distant trawl fisheries. The result of analysis, Korea was better than Japan in some factor, especially labor cost Then if Korean government will put weighted policy on this viewpoint, Korean distant water trawl can more grow.