Lichens play an important role in breaking down rocks physically and chemically. Physical weathering occurs mechanically through hyphae and rhizines growing into the rocks. Lichen substances such as oxalic acid, acidic polysaccharides and depsides may assist altering rocks chemically. These actions partly contribute to soil formation but prove harmful for the substratum. Some people do not like to keep lichens on stained glassof churches or on gravestones mainly because of its unglamorous appearance. A biocide, 'Koretrel', is very effective in removing lichens and blue-green algae from the surface of concrete. After spraying 'Koretrel' in the open air, lichens (Caloplaca sp., Endocarpon petrolepideum, Physciella melanchra, Phaeophyscia hispidula, etc.) growing on buildings died within three months and peeled off fromthe substratum. One year after treatment, concrete surfaces were almost lichen free for three or four years. The biocide makesuse of a kind of lichen substance and harmless both for substances and environment. Our recent experiments show that it is also useful for water grasses growing on the surface of an aqueduct of a hydroelectric power station.

XRF, EDX, IR analysis was conducted to figure the effect of Fe to blacken the waterlogged wood. The results showed that investigated soil contained more Fe than normal soil by XRF analysis and wood ash contained more sulfur and Fe than any other element by EDX analysis. C-H and C-O peaks were significantly reduced at the surface of wood where is blackened part of waterlogged wood by IR analysis. The optimum condition to remove Fe from waterlogged wood by EDTA was investigated. To do this, removed concentration of Fe was measured at various concentration of EDTA-2Na. The optimum pH of EDTA-2Na was figured to be 4.1 to 4.3 and as the concentration of EDTA was increasing, extracted concentration of Fe was also increased. In the case of 0.4 wt% of EDTA-2Na, 700ppm of Fe was eliminated and was stabilized after 48 hours time lapse. In the case of EDTA-3Na, the optimum pH was 7 to 8, and 10 ppm of Fe was eliminated at 0.4 wt% of EDTA-3Na. In the case of EDTA-4Na, the optimum pH was 10 to 11, and 120 ppm of Fe was eliminated at 0.4 wt% of EDTA-4Na.

The most common conception of a work of art is as a unique object. In conservation the prevalent notion of authenticity is based on physical integrity, this guides judgements about loss. For the majority of traditional art objects, minimising change to the physical work means minimising loss, where loss is understood as compromising the (physical) integrity of a unique object, and this forms the focus of conservation. Fundamental to conservators' approach to the conservation of contemporary art is the notion that the artist's intent should guide conservators' practice. Since most of the artists creating installation art are living, it is possible to interview them about the details of the installation, attitudes to changing technology, parameters of acceptable change and their views about what aspects of the installation are essential to preserve. Conservation is no longer focused on intervening to repair the art object but has become concerned with documentation and determining what change is acceptable and managing those changes. In order to accurately install works in the future it is necessary to broaden our focus to include elements of an installation that affect the viewer's experience. This might mean documenting the space, the acoustics, the balance of the different channels of sound, the light levels and the way one enters and leaves the installation. These are as important as the more tangible or material elements in the conservation of the work. It is also necessary to work with industry and specialists outside the field of conservation to develop new skills to preserve and manage new types of objects in our care. We can also document the less tangible details of an installation such as the light levels, the character of the sound etc. This is a new area of conservation and as a profession our understanding and knowledge will deepen with time. All of these strategies work together to help to limit the risk of not being able to accurately install these works in the future. Deciding what can be changed and how to best care for any element of an installation will depend on its meaning and role. For both contemporary and traditional objects such decisions are documented by conservators and although the focus of the conservator may have moved away from the material object, the approach is still rooted in traditional notions of collection care.

Materials used for repairing and restoring both pottery and porcelain are practically organic, which makes the analysis procedure difficult in the course of time. It is, however, important in the field of conservation to analyze the material applied in the past. In consequence, this research will examine the components of the restoration materials collected in the process of ceramic conservation: the fillings using SEM-EDS and FT-IR; retouching materials; the adhesive used between the filling and retouching material.

보존 처리된 유물은 경기도 하남시의 발굴현장에서 수습된 도토기로, 박물관의 소장유물로써 지역사(地域史)의 한 단면을 보여줄 수 있는 자료로 활용 가능성이 있을 것으로 판단되었고, 유물의 상태를 고려한 보존처리작업이 계획되었다. 보존처리작업은 가역성(可逆性)과 경제성에 중점을 두어, 박물관에서 이미 책정된 보존처리예산의 한도 내에서 선택할 수 있는 알맞은 약품과 재료를 선택하여, 복원작업이 필요한 부위 역시 추후 재처리작업이 필요할 때 해체가 용이한 기법을 이용하였다.

경산 임당유적에서 출토된 목제 갑옷틀은 수침된 상태로 출토된 목제유물로 재질이 매우 취약하여, 대기 중에 노출되면 급속도로 건조가 진행되어 곧바로 수축 변형이 일어나 유물로써 가치를 잃어버리게 된다. 특히 목제 갑옷틀은 오랜 매장기간동안 목질부의 분해가 많이 진행되어 재질이 취약할 뿐 아니라 원통목을 가공한 것이어서 건조 과정에서 수축변형이 발생우려가 높다. 따라서 목제 갑옷틀은 건조변형이 적고 치수안정화가 우수한 처리법을 적용하여야 한다. 따라서 목제 갑옷틀은 t-butanol 용액을 용제로 PEG#4000 40%로 함침 전처리 후 진공 동결건조법으로 보존처리 하였다.

박물관 수장고와 전시실 내의 유기물 문화재는 실내공기에 부유하고 있는 먼지와 곰팡이로 인해 생물적 피해를 받는다. 미생물로 인한 피해를 줄이기 위하여 박물관에서는 환경 조절법을 시행하거나 수장고와 전시실 내에 보존약제를 놓거나 또는 훈증 처리를 통한 방균 방제처리를 시행하고 있다. 미생물의 발생은 문화재 표면의 착색, 재질 분해, 변질 등을 야기한다. 본 연구는 위에 제시된 방법 외에 공기청정기를 이용하여 실내 부유 미생물 수를 줄여 유기물 문화재의 피해를 줄일 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 국립문화재연구소 내 생물과학실의 실험실 한 곳을 임의로 지정하여 공기청정기를 설치하기 전 곰팡이의 수를 측정하고, 공기청정기를 설치한 후의 곰팡이 변화를 4일 간격으로 측정하였다. 또한, 공기 중의 ???r성분 분석을 위하여 가스크로마토그래피(Gas Chromatography)를 이용하였다. 측정결과 곰팡이의 수는 대체적으로 감소하였으며, 채취한 곰팡이를 배양하여 동정을 실시하였다. 곰팡이 동정은 현미경을 통한 형태학적 분류와 ITS(Internal Transcribed Sequence)를 이용한 rDNA(Ribosomal DNA) PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)분석 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 동정하였다.

Sixty-four obsidian artifacts found in the Korean Peninsula have been characterised by a study of their minor elements and Sr isotope ratio. The artifacts are from the following locations: Yondaedo Island; Yokjido Island; Sangnodaedo Island, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam; Dongsamdong, Busan; Songdo Island, Yeosu, Jeonnam; Suyanggae, Danyang, Chungbuk; Sangmuyongri, Yanggu, Gangwondo; Paektusan Mountain; Kyushu region, Japan. The study of minor elements and Sr isotope ratio recognised three distinct major groups. This result suggests that there are no correlations among the three groups whose provenances are different. But as a result of classification using Sr isotope ratio, obsidian artifacts found in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula classified two groups within C group. This research will furnish scientific datum to be able to mutual comparison of obsidians excavated from other site.

본 실험은 경주 월성해자와 일정교지에서 발굴된 고목재를 시료로 사용하였다. 월성 해자 5점, 일정교지 2점으로 총 7점을 대상으로 수종분석과 연륜연대 해석을 실시하였다. 수종분석은 광학현미경을 사용하여 식별을 하였으며, 연륜연대 해석은 연륜측정후 연륜분석 컴퓨터프로그램과 그래프 일치도를 육안으로 비교하여 실시하였다. 7개의 시료 전부 밤나무였다. 밤나무는 현재 평남과 함남 이남에 분포하는 수종으로 특히 따뜻한 남부지방에 살기 적합한 수종이다. 각 시료간의 상대연도를 확인한 결과는 월성해자 목재의 수령은 $31{\sim}37$년 일정교지는 45년으로 확인 되었다. 월성해자의 각 시료들은 동시대이나 벌채기간은 6년 차이가 났다. 일정교지의 시료에서는 일치성을 확인하지 못했다.

Tree-ring chronologies can be used to date historical buildings and furniture by matching them with the chronologies of living trees or previously dated samples. Tree-ring dating gives a calender year to each tree ring and produces the felling dates of logs or woods which had been used for buildings. In Korea, several chronologies of Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.,'sonamu' in Korean), a major species for the wooden building materials, have been developed and used for dating historical buildings. Daejojeon of Changduck Palace is known to be reconstructed in A.D. 1920 after burned-out in A.D. 1917. Instead of new woods, Daejojeon was reconstructed by reusing the woods of Kyotaejeon in Kyungbok Palace. We sampled total of 26 wood samples which were replaced during the repair process of Daejojeon in 1995. Felling dates of the samples were determined by the dendrochronological crossdating method. Crossdating method employs graphic comparison of the master patterns (ring-width plots of living trees or known dates) with those of the sample chronologies of unknown dates. The cutting dates of Daejojeon woods were divided in two groups. One was the late 1860s and the other 1880s. The results confirmed that Kyotaejeon was reconstruced first in the A.D 1860s and then in late 1880s after burning out in 1876.