This study was conducted to estimate how vertically high and horizontally long a sea breeze occurred around Gangneung of the Korean peninsula would be reached to an inland. Geographically, gangneung is located on the center of the east coast shaping an arc, and a coastal line around gangneung has a form extending northwestward and southeastward, respectively. Therefore, an inflow of the northerly has similar effects of the sea breeze since a deep valley of Daegwallyeong, which is one of main ridges of the Taebaek mountains, not only reaches northeastward up to this region but also plays the part of the steering gear changing a wind direction from northerly to easterly, this is, the wind from sea. First of all, the study had defined the sea breeze as a wind blown from NNE to ESE, clockwise. And then, we analyzed characteristics of the sea breeze occurred around gangneung in view of the maximum wind speed and the wind direction for October 1st, 2003 through September 30th, 2004, the upper air database for May through June of 2004, and the wind vector database of AWS (Automatic Weather System). All meteorological information is collected at the weather station of gangneung and by the AWS which is being scattered around this region. Finally, the study figures out that how horizontally long a sea breeze would be reached depends on a level of the easterly inflow. At the first step of the inflow of the sea breeze, the wind from NNW blows into this region by keeping up the speed $3m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and effects of the northerly are dominated with time and the wind at the inland blows out southwestward cause of the surface friction at the next step. On the other hand, there is no change of wind direction in the inflow at Daegwallyeong because a surface friction of there is smaller than around gangneung, relatively. In other word, the easterly blows toward Daegwallyeong. However, the wind speed is not higher than that of the coast around gangneung.

One algorithm has been developed for retrieving aerosol optical thickness from GMS-5 visible channel measurements, and then the algorithm was applied for obtaining the geographical distribution of aerosol optical thickness over East Asia during April 2002. Algorithm employs a look-up table based upon radiative transfer calculations with solar geometry, aerosol optical thickness, and surface albedo as inputs. Validation was conducted by comparing retrieved aerosol optical thickness with measured values from ground-based sky radiation measurements at Anmyon Do, Korea. It was found that the correlation coefficient is 0.71 with -0.03 of bias and 0.34 of root mean square error, suggesting that the algorithm developed in this study can be used for estimating aerosol optical thickness in a quantitative sense.

The global mean surface temperature has already increased by $0.6{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ over the last century, and warming in Korea is approximately twice as large as the global average. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that the majority of warming over the past 50 years could be attributed to human activities (IPCC, 2001a). In addition, the global surface temperature is expected to increase by 1.4 to $5.8^{\circ}C$ depending on the greenhouse gas emission scenarios during the $21^{st}$ century.Climate change resulting from increased greenhouse gas concentrations has the potential to harm societies and ecosystems. Reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases and their concentration in the atmosphere will reduce the degree and likelihood of significant adverse conditions due to the anticipated climate change. Mitigation policy has generally been the primary focus of public attention and policy efforts on climate change. However, some degree of climate change is inevitable due to the combination of continued increases in emissions and the inertia of the global climate system. Adaptation actions and strategies are needed for a complementary approach to mitigation. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) currently addresses vulnerability and adaptation in the context of climate change negotiations and in future adaptation may be an important element of work under the Kyoto Protocol. There are several on-going programs to develop effective adaptation strategies and their implementation. But in general, many other countries are still on an initiating stage. The climate change science programs of the United States, Japan, England, and Germany are initiated to understand the current status of climate change science and adaptation researches in the developed countries. In this study, we propose the improvement on systems in policy and research aspects to effectively perform the necessary functions for development of nation-wide adaptation measures and their implementation. In policy aspect, the Korean Panel on Climate Change (KPCC) is introduced as a coordinating mechanism between government organizations related with climate change science, impact assessment and adaptation. Also in research aspect, there is a strong consensus on the need for construction of a national network on climate change research as trans-disciplinary research network.

The effect of inversion layer on the land and sea breeze near the Gangneung city was investigated. The land and sea breeze occurrence days were selected, and the height and the intensity of inversion layer were calculated with the upper air observational data of the Sokcho Station. The relationships between the temperature variation near the Gangneung and the inflow time, inland penetration and the inflow depth of the land and sea breeze were also analyzed. And the Gangwon Short-range prediction system was verified with the comparison of surface stream line by the Gangwon short-range prediction system with the AWS wind vector data. It was revealed that the inversion layer tended to block the sea breeze, shorten the inland penetration distance and lower the inflow depth, causing the temperature rise. The comparison and analysis of surface steam line by the Gangwon short-range prediction system and the AWS wind vector showed that the system quite well simulated the sea breeze, thus the system could be well utilized in the prediction of land and sea breeze.