The He-Xe interaction potential has been determined using a direct inversion of the experimentally reduced-viscosity collision integrals obtained from the corresponding states correlation. The potential is in a good agreement with the previously determined potential. The potential predicts viscosity and diffusion coefficients and they are found to be in a good agreement with experiment.

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas with rope-based morphology from a reaction gel composition of 1 BTME : 0.57 ODTMABr : 2.36 NaOH : 353 H2O were synthesized. While long rope-shaped product dominated in case of static synthesis condition , gyroid type products instead of rope shaped product appeared and rope shaped product disappeared with agitation. PMO with such a long rope shaped morphology is firstly reported. Additionally, various rope-based morphologies depending on the degree of bending, twisting, folding and winding of rope such as spirals, discoids, toroids, and worm-like aggregates were observed. White powdered products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption measurement, SEM and TEM. From XRD pattern and TEM image, ODTMA-PMO with hexagonal symmetry was identified. The pore diameter and BET surface area of ODTMA-PMO are $32.9{\AA}$ and 799 m2g-1 , respectively. Hexagonally arrayed channels run with long axis of rope and rope-based shapes with various degree of curvature, which was elucidated by using TEM images.

The specificity of conjugation site for coating ligands was investigated using toluene-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates in which BSA was conjugated at the position of o-, m-, and ${\rho}-toluic$ acid. Toluene-BSA conjugated at ${\rho}-position$ showed a binding activity of about 89-95%, whereas, those conjugated at o- and m-position of toluene exhibited a binding activity of 5 and 11%, respectively. On the basis of the above result, coating ligands with various proteins (OVA, BSA, KLH) were compared by conjugating with $\rho-toluic$ acid, and toluene-KLH was considered as the best coating ligand for this ELISA. Indirect competitive ELISA method was developed using anti-toluene antibody and $\rho-position$ conjugated toluene-KLH. The dose-response curve constructed after kinetic and optimization studies showed a 1${\times}$10-4 - 1${\times}$102 mM detectable response range with 0.1 ${\mu}M$ detectability. In specificity test of the antibody, the binding capabilities of aromatic compounds substituted with nitro-, alkyl-, chloro-, and hydroxyl group were larger rather than those of aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene and xylene) themselves. Also, tests with soil and water samples that had been spiked with toluene resulted in 102.7-113.7% recovery.

The chiral amine auxiliary mediated stereoselective alkylation reactions of glycinamides 1-6 and 15-17 using phase transfer catalyst (PTC) for liquid-solid extraction are described. The secondary N-(diphenylmethylene) glycinamides 1, 2 and 3 give better selectivities and yields than tertiary N-(diphenylmethylene) glycinamides 4, 5 and 6. Alkylation of the glycinamide 1 and 2 using 18-Crown-6 as a PTC in toluene at $-40^{\circ}C$ gives best selectivities and yields. Alkylations of N-(4-chlorophenylmethylene)glycinamides 15, 16 and 17 under same PTC conditions give $\alpha$, $\alpha-disubstituted$ amino acid derivatives 18, 19 and 20 with low diastereoselectivities.

New anthracycline analogues 2-9 as potential anticancer agents have been synthesized from daunomycin (1a) and doxorubicin (1b). Compounds 2 and 6 were prepared by the nucleophilic displacement type esterification of 14-bromodaunomycin (1c) with N-benzoyl-(2R,3S)-phenylisoserine and L-pyroglutamic acid in triethyl-amine, respectively. Compounds 3, 7 and 4, 8 were prepared by the reaction of either daunomycin (1a) or doxorubicin (1b) with one equivalent of the corresponding acids in the presence of EDCI/PP. Compounds 5, 9 were obtained from 1b by reaction with 2.2 equivalents of the corresponding acids in the same manner. The cytotoxic activities of the analogues in comparison with adrimycin on cultured SNU-16 and MCF7 cell were described.

Model calculations for small molecules Li2, F2, LiF and BF have been performed at the Dirac-Fock level of theory using Dirac-Coulomb and Dirac-Coulomb-Magnetic Hamiltonians with various basis sets. In order to understand what may happen when the relativity becomes significant, the value of c, speed of light, is varied from the true value of 137.036 a.u. to 105 (nonrelativistic case) and also to 50 and 20 a.u. (exaggerated relativistic cases). Qualitative trends are discussed with special emphasis on the effect of the magnetic part of the Breit interaction term. The known relativistic effects on bonding such as the bond length contraction or expansion are demonstrated in this model study. Total energy, $\pi-orbital$ splitting, bond length, bond dissociation energy and dipole moment are calculated, and shown to be modified in a uniform direction by the effect of the magnetic term. Inclusion of the magnetic term raises the total energy, increases the bond length, reduces the $\pi-orbital$ splitting, increases the bond dissociation energy, and mitigates the changes in dipole moment caused by the Dirac term.

A novel poly[9,10-diphenylanthracene-4',4"-ylenevinylene-3,6-(N-2-ethyl hexyl)carbazole] containing alternate diphenylanthracene and carbazole unit was synthesized by the Wittig reaction. The obtained polymer was soluble in common organic solvents and thermally stable up to 380 $^{\circ}C.$ The polymer gives rise to bright blue fluorescence both in solution and in thin solid films. The light emitted from the device (ITO/polymer/Al) was greenish-blue in color and clearly visible in daylight.

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus is a strictly anaerobic and thermophilic bacterium whose optimum temperature ranges over $65-68^{\circ}C.$ T. ethanolicus was known to contain a bipolar very long chain fatty acyl component such as $\alpha$, $\omega-1316-dimethyloctacosanedioate$, as one of the major membrane components. However, exact physiological role of this unusual component in the membrane remains unknown. Such a very long chain fatty acyl component, $\alpha$, ${\omega}-1316-dimethyloctacosanedioate$, dimethyl ester (DME C30), was isolated, and purified from the membrane of T. ethanolicus. As a function of added concentrations of the $\alpha$, $\omega-1316-dimethyloctacosanedioate$, dimethyl ester (DME C30) or cholesterol into the standard liposomes, the acyl chain ordering effect was investigated by the steady-state anisotropy with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as a fluorescent probe. Acyl chain order parameter (S) of vesicles containing DME C30 is higher comparing with phosphatidylcholine (PC) only vesicles. This result was discussed thermodynamically with the aid of the simulated annealing molecular dynamics simulations. Through the investigation of all the possible conformational changes of DME C30 or cholesterol, we showed that DME C30 is very flexible and its conformation is variable depending on the temperature comparing with cholesterol, which is rigid and restricted at overall temperature. We propose that the conformational change of DME C30, not the configurational change, may be involved in the regulation of the membrane fluidity against the changes of external temperature.

Since anti-angiogenesis could lead to the suppression of tumor growth, angiogenesis inhibitors have received particular attention for their therapeutic potential. In this study, two angiogenic inhibitors using the bioactive sequence from the kring le 5, AK1(KLYDY), AK2(KLWDF) were designed and synthesized. We have investigated their solution structures using NMR spectroscopy and their activities as angiogenesis inhibitors. AK2 has an intramolecular hydrogen bon d between the side chain amino proton of Lys1 and the carboxyl oxygen of Asp4 with a N ${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O distance of $3.27\AA$, while AK1 shows more flexible structures than AK2. Indole ring in Trp is much bigger than the phenyl ring in Tyr and may have good face-to-edge interaction enforcing more rigid and constrained conformational features of AK2. Because of this relatively stable structure, Trp3 in AK2 may have better hydrophobic interaction with Phe5 than Tyr3 in AK1 if two adjacent aromatic groups are located in hydrophobic pocket of receptor. Since AK2 shows the similar anti-angiogenic activities to AK1, we are also able to confirm that the activity of AK1 is irrelevant to the Tyr phosphorylation. More rigid drug with higher activities can be provided by the mimetic approaches. For the further development of the angiogenesis inhibitors, these conformational studies on our lead peptides will be helpful in design of peptidomimetics.

The carbonyl stretching vibration, νC=O of 2-cyclohexene-1-one, is in Fermi resonance with a combination tone. The amount of Fermi resonance interaction between these two modes is dependent upon the amount of solute/solvent interaction due to hyd rogen bonding between the carbonyl oxygen and the solvent proton. The corrected νC=O frequency of 2-cyclohexene-1-one occurs at a lower frequency than the observed νC=O mode of cyclohexanone, possibly caused by expanded conjugation effects. The carbonyl stretching modes of cyclic ketones were also affected by interaction with the ROH/CCl4 mixed solvent system.

Ni, Fe and NiFe alloy thin films were electrodeposited at a polycrystalline Au surface using a range of electrolytes and potentials. Coulometry and EQCM were used for real-time monitoring of electroplating efficiency of the Ni and Fe. The plating efficiency of NiFe alloy thin films was computed with the aid of ICP spectrometry. In general, plating efficiency increased to a steady value with deposition time. Plating efficiency of Fe was lower than that of Ni at -0.85 and -1.0 V but the efficiency approached to the similar plateau value to that of Ni at more negative potentials. The films with higher content of Fe showed different stripping behavior from the ones with higher content of Ni. Finally, compositional data and real-time plating efficiency are presented for films electrodeposited using a range of electrolytes and potentials.

(1-Chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl)benzene or 1,4-bis(1-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl)benzene was reacted with 2-amino-phenol to give the model compound, hydroxy enaminonitrile, which was found to undergo thermal cyclization reaction to form the corresponding benzoxazole. This intramolecular cyclization reaction is expected to occur through nucleophilic attack to electropositive enamine carbon by ortho-hydroxy group on the phenyl ring, which is accompanied by the release of neutral malononitrile through rearrangement. From each bifunctional monomer, o-hydroxy substituted polyenaminonitrile was prepared and characterized as a new precursor polymer for well-known aromatic polybenzoxazole. Also the unusual macrocyclic dimer formation from the 1,4-bis(1-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl)benzene and 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane polymerization reaction system was discussed. The thermal cyclization reactions and the properties of polymers were investigated using FT-IR and thermal analysis (DSC & TGA).

The lanthanide complexes have been anticipated to exhibit high efficiency along with a narrow emission spectrum. Photoluminescence for the lanthanide complex is characterized by a high efficiency since both singlet and triplet excitons are involve d in the luminescence process. However, the maximum external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies have exhibited values around 1% due to triplet-triplet annihilation at high current. Here, we proposed a new energy transfer mechanism to overcome triplet-triplet annihilation by the Eu complex doped into phosphorescent materials with triplet levels that were higher than singlet levels of the Eu complex. In order to show the feasibility of the proposed energy transfer mechanism and to obtain the optimal ligands and host material, we have calculated the effect depending on ligands as a factor that controls emission intensity in lanthanide complexes. The calculation shows that triplet state as well as singlet state of anion ligand affects on absorption efficiency indirectly.

In aqueous mixtures of cationic OTAC (octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and anionic ADS (ammonium dodecyl sulfate) surfactants, mixed micelles were formed at low (< 0.2 wt %) total surfactant concentrations. For these mixtures mixed micelliza tion and interaction of surfactant molecules were examined. Mixed critical micelle concentration (CMC), thermodynamic potentials of micellization, and minimum area per surfactant molecule at the interface were obtained from surface tensiometry and electrical conductometry. The mixed micellar compositions and the estimation of interacting forces were determined on the basis of a regular solution model. The CMCs were reduced, although not substantial, and synergistic behavior of the ADS and OTAC in the mixed micelles was observed. The CMC reductions in this anionic/cationic system were comparable to those in nonionic/anionic surfactant systems. The interaction parameter $\beta$ of the regular solution model was estimated to be -5 and this negative value of $\beta$ indicated an overall attractive force in the mixed state.

Vanadium oxide thin films with thickness of about 2000 $\AA$ have been prepared by radio frequency sputter deposition using a V2O5 target in a mixed argon and oxygen atmosphere with different Ar/O2 ratio ranging from 99/1 to 90/10. X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopic studies show that the oxygen content higher than 5% crystallizes a stoichiometric V2O5 phase, while oxygen deficient phase is formed in the lower oxygen content. The oxygen content in the mixed Ar + O2 has a significant influence on electrochemical lithium insertion/deinsertion property. The discharge-charge capacity of vanadium oxide film increases with increasing the reactive oxygen content. The V2O5 film deposited at the Ar/O2 ratio of 90/10 exhibits high discharge capacity of 100 ${\mu}Ah/cm2-{\mu}m$ along with good cycle performance.

Negatively charged functional organic molecules such as retinoic acid, ascorbic acid, indole acetic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, acidic dye (indigo carmine, Food Blue 1) are intercalatively encapsulated by zinc basic salt (hydrozincite) and layered double hydroxide. Such functional organic-inorganic nanohybrids are realized via coprecipitation reaction involving simultaneous formation of layered inorganic lattice and intercalation of anionic species. The heterostructural nature of these nanohybrids, their particle morphology and textural characterizations are mainly discussed on the basis of Powder X-ray Diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy results.

The positions of Kr atoms encapsulated in the molecular-dimensioned cavities of fully dehydrated zeolite A of unit-cell composition Cs3Na8HSi12Al12O48 (Cs3-A) have been determined. Cs3-A was exposed to 1025 atm of krypton gas at 400 $^{\circ}C$ for four days, followed by cooling at pressure to encapsulate Kr atoms. The resulting crystal structure of Cs3-A(6Kr) (a = $12.247(2)\AA$, R1 = 0.078, and R2 = 0.085) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Pm3m at $21(1)^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. In the crystal structure of Cs3-A(6Kr), six Kr atoms per unit cell are distributed over three crystallographically distinct positions: each unit cell contains one Kr atom at Kr(1) on a threefold axis in the sodalite unit, three at Kr(2) opposite four-rings in the large cavity, and two at Kr(3) on threefold axes in the large cavity. Relatively strong interactions of Kr atoms at Kr(1) and Kr(3) with Na+ ions of six-rings are observed: Na-Kr(1) = 3.6(1) $\AA$ and Na-Kr(3) = $3.08(5)\AA.$ In each sodalite unit, one Kr atom at Kr(1) was displaced $0.74\AA$ from the center of the sodalite unit toward a Na+ ion, where it can be polarized by the electrostatic field of the zeolite, avoiding the center of the sodalite unit which by symmetry has no electrostatic field. In each large cavity, five Kr atoms were found, forming a trigonal-bipyramid arrangement with three Kr(2) atoms at equatorial positions and two Kr(3) atoms at axial positions. With various reasonable distances and angles, the existence of Kr5 cluster was proposed (Kr(2)-Kr(3) = $4.78(6)\AA$ and Kr(2)-Kr(2) = $5.94(7)\AA$, Kr(2)-Kr(3)-Kr(2) = 76.9(3), Kr(3)-Kr(2)-Kr(3) = 88(1), and Kr(2)-Kr(2)-Kr(2) = $60^{\circ}).$ These arrangements of the encapsulated Kr atoms in the large cavity are stabilized by alternating dipoles induced on Kr(2) by four-ring oxygens and Kr(3) by six-ring Na+ ions, respectively.