Purpose : To verify the interrater reliability of upper extremity function assessment among three tools(Wolf motor function test, Motor assessment scale, Fugl-meyer assessment scale). Methods : The subjects of this study 40 (20 was physical therapists and 20 was physical therapy students). For the test one patients with chronic hemiparesis after stroke participated in the study. The Wolf Motor Function Test consists of 16 functional tasks. The motor assessment scale consists of 3 functional tasks. The fugl-meyer assessment scale consists of 8 functional tasks. All test sessions were videotaped and scored by 40 subjects. Analysis : The data was analysis by SPSS PC 14.0 with Cronbach alpha Coefficients, intraclass Correlation Coefficients Kendall tau-b value. Results : WMFT was highly scored in Cronbach's value, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.819$ that means high interrater reliability among assessment. WMFT was highly scored all items in p-value except one item, that means high p-value between therapists and students. WMFT was highly scored in Intrarater correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.79, that means high interrater reliability of each examination item. WMFT was low index of coincidence from all items, MAS was low index of coincidence from a tim and FMA was low index of coincidence from 4 items. Conclusion : The interrater reliability of WMFT were compared with MAS, FMA and highly verified. WMFT can be more useful tool among upper extremity function assessment.

Purpose : This study's purpose is consideration about change of the hand grip strength according to different posture and shoulder flexion angle. The shoulder joint permits the greatest mobility and carries out the important function of stabilization for hand use. Hand grip activity is important to evaluate while assessing loads of shoulder in hand mobilities. Methods : Thirty(15 male, 15 female) college students with unknown shoulder dysfunction participated subject in five different positions of elbow extension with sitting and standing posture, different positions is followed : (1) shoulder $0^{\circ}$ flexion (2) shoulder $45^{\circ}$ flexion (3) shoulder $90^{\circ}$ flexion (4) shoulder $135^{\circ}$ flexion (5) shoulder $180^{\circ}$ flexion. Results : On the average, in the hand grip strength, the standing posture is higher than sitting posture. Sitting posture showed a most high level at the man's $0^{\circ}$ and woman's $135^{\circ}$. And standing posture showed a most high level at the man's $135^{\circ}$ and woman's $90^{\circ}$. Conclusion : The paired t-test was used to determine the different in grip strength between sitting and standing posture by shoulder angle change. There was no significant difference between the five position by sitting and standing posture. In man, correlation analysis revealed significant connection for all five position by sitting and standing posture. And in woman, correlation analysis revealed connection for all five position by sitting and standing posture.

Purpose : This study was investigation of satisfaction in clinical practice of students in a college. Methods : 250 students were participated in this study for 8 weeks though getting results of clinical practice from 1, 2, 3 clinic hospitals. Results : This was for knowing about achievement, It could figure out the increasing achievement the higher satisfaction with education and environment for clinical practice of physical therapy. As a result, whole satisfactions for environment and course or education in clinical practice was higher. Conclusion : This research was not too much higher satisfaction on participated students in clinical practice. So, it needs to suggest to more study for increasing satisfaction on clinical practice.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of treadmill training and cognitive task with in the course of treadmill training at the same time with chronic stroke patients. Methods : Fourteen chronic stroke patients participated. Participants were randomly assigned to the control and experimental group(7 experimental, 7 control). All of participants were in-patients at local hospital and had been receiving a traditional rehabilitation program, five days a week. The both groups have undergone 4weeks. The experimental group trained in treadmill and cognitive task at the same time, but control group trained only treadmill. 10m walking test, Timed Up & Go (TUG) test and 6 Minutes walking(6M walking) test to measure the walking speed, dynamic balance and waling endurance ability were carried out before and after the training. Results : The result of the study were as follow:10m walking test were significantly increased both groups(p<.01), but not significant between groups(p>.05). TUG test were significantly increased both groups(p<.001) and between groups(p<.01). 6M walking test were significantly increased both groups(p<.001), but not significant between groups(p>.05). Conclusion : Ahead of return to the community to patients with stroke, cognitive task with in the course of treadmill training at the same time was effective in improving the dynamic balance ability.

Purpose : This study was conducted to identify the effects of high heel shoes on surface electromyography(EMG) activities fo tibialis anterior(TA), soles(S), and gastrocnemius(G) in 12 healthy women. Methods : Subjects were composed of three group(sports shoes, 5cm heel height shoes, and 9cm heel height shoes). The muscle activity of the TA, G, S in the lower leg were measured using a surface EMG. Results : Results of one way repeated measures ANOVA of the after waling 30minutes standing task duration among the sport shoes, 5cm, and 9cm heel height conditions. The comparison of the muscular activities showed significant differences in the G muscles among the high heel shoes. Conclusion : Wearing high heel shoes for hours will bring inappropriate alignment of the lower limbs and cause postural changes or abnormal sensation and several other problems in the body, resulting in exposure to ankle sprain or fall injuries.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of a gait training using PNF on a gait and balance ability of a person with chronic stroke. Methods : The subject was left hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction. The subject participated in PNF gait training session as well as baseline for 30 minutes a day for 4 weeks. we used the 10-meter walking test(10MWT), figure-8-of walk test(F8WT), dynamic gait index(DGI) for measuring the gait ability and four square step test(FSST), Berg balance scale(BBS) for measuring the balance ability through the whole sessions. Results : The gait ability was enhanced compared to first baseline, as measured by 10MWT(27.3%), F8WT(36.6%), DGI(8 points increased). The balance ability was improved compared to first baseline, as measured by FSST(49.1%), BBS(10 points increased). The increase was maintained in second baseline session. Conclusion : The PNF gait training program is helpful to enhance the adaptation of the gait and balance according to the various environmental demands.

Purpose : This thesis aims to explore sports physical therapist program of university of education of korea and usa for the whole process of becoming sports physical therapist and provide better education programs for cultivating sports physical therapist in the future. Methods : This thesis education programs of physical therapy department in Korea and 3 universities in east california region were selected with recommendation of a professional on sports physical therapist in USA. for the purpose of this study, curriculum of physical education department at school of education was analyzed using internet survey, phone survey, visitor survey and examination of hand book in korea. in usa, homepage, internet survey, e-mail and examination of handbook were used to analyze the data. Results : First, the results of this study can be summarized as follows: second, In comparison of required subjects and selective subject of physical therapy education in Korea and USA, Korea presents the least required subjects for major while USA offer more required subjects for majors. Korea puts focus on education practice while USA offers initial field experience and education practice well connected and organized systematically. Third, comparison of system of professional sports physical therapist, Korea did not establish system of a professional sports physical therapist, USA systematically established system of a professional sports physical therapist. Conclusion : On the basis Professional physical therapist, PNF association has to need to study hardly about special therapist.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate thigh muscle-bone CSA and leg strength during low-intensity exercise program with leg blood flow restriction by external compression to reduce muscle outflow. Methods : Eighteen health students gave informed written consent to participate in this investigation. An occlusion cuff was attached to the proximal end of the leg so that blood flow was reduced during the training. The training was conducted one times a day, three times a week, for 8 weeks using one sets of 30 minutes. The training program performed to squat with standing, lunge with standing and heel raise with one leg standing. Measurements of thigh muscle-bone CSA(cross-sectional area) and leg strength were evaluated pre and post-training. Statistical evaluation of these data was accomplished utilizing a paired t-test by SPSS 12.0 program for windows. Significance level was set at p <.05. Results : All data are reported as means and standard deviations(SD) for all variables. The result of the study is followed; After the training, muscle-bone CSA, gluteus maximus m, quadriceps m, hamstring m of both legs were significantly improved but not calf muscle(p<.05). There was no significant difference of change quantity between muscle-bone CSA and leg strength in Lt. and Rt. side. But the variation in leg muscle strength of Rt. leg(dominant) was much more increased than Lt. leg(non-dominant) after 8 weeks training. Conclusion : Low-intensity training with leg blood flow restriction offers a potentially useful method for improving leg muscle strength.