Design of manufacturing process, in general, facilitates the creation of new process that may potentially harm the workers. Design of safety-guaranteed manufacturing process is, therefore, very important since it determines the ultimate outcomes of manufacturing activities involving safety of workers. This study discusses application of discrimination information (cross entropy) to safety assessment of manufacturing processes. The idea is based on the general principles of design and their applications. An example of Cartesian robotic movement is given.

The goals of the paper are to understand the impact damage behavior and identify the effect of surface protective materials on impact resistance in filament wound composite pressure vessels. For these, a series of low velocity impact tests was performed on specimens cutting from the full scale pressure vessel by the instrumented impact testing machine. The specimens are classified into two types, which are with and without surface protective material. The visualization for impact damage by two different impactors is made by metallurgical microscope. Based on the impact force history and damage, the impact resistance parameters were employed,rod its validity in identifying the damage resistance of filament wound composite pressure vessel was reviewed. As the results, the impact resistance of the filament wound composites and its dependency on the surface protective material were evaluated quantitatively

This paper aims at the development of an knowledge base for an electrical fire cause diagnosis system using the entity relation database. The relation database which provides a very simple but powerful way of representing data is widely used. The system focused on database construction and cause diagnosis can diagnose the causes of electrical fires easily and efficiently. In order to store and access to the information concerned with electrical fires, the key index items which identify electrical fires uniquely are derived out. The knowledge base consists of a case base which contains information from the past fires and a rule base with rules from expertise. To implement the knowledge base, Access 2000, one of DB development tools under windows environment and Visual Basic 6.0 are used as a DB building tool. For the reasoning technique, a mixed reasoning approach of a case based inference and a rule based inference has been adopted. Knowledge-based reasoning could present the cause of a newly occurred fire to be diagnosed by searching the knowledge base for reasonable matching. The knowledge-based database has not only searching functions with multiple attributes by using the collected various information(such as fire evidence, structure, and weather of a fire scene), but also more improved diagnosis functions which can be easily wed for the electrical fire cause diagnosis system.

There are many electrical connections in the electric apparatus and most fires due to a fault contact result from a failure or misuse of electric apparatus and installation. The fault contact happens between electrical connections by the loose and the mechanical vibration. In this paper, we have investigated thermal and electrical properties of screwed electric contacts due to the mechanical vibration. The exciter was connected to a signal generator and power amplifier that provided the vibration frequency and amplitude. The vibration, temperature and voltage data were sent to a data acquisition system (DAQ). In the case that fault contact took place, the arc happened between the screwed electric contact and electric wire, heat due to the arc was transmitted to the adjacent insulators, for which the oxide could be generated more. In addition, a spark was generated and the insulator began to melt. Thus, the possibility of electrical fire became the highest in this case. Finally, when the fault contact takes place due to vibration, the hazard of an electric accident is very high.

An experimental study was presented for extinguishing characteristics of liquid fuel fire by water mist($Dv_{0.99}{\leq}200{\mu}m$) containing potassium acetate and sodium acetate trihydrate. To evaluate the extinguishing performance of water mist containing additives, the evaporation characteristics of a water droplet on a heated surface was examined. The evaporation process was recorded by a charge-coupled-device camera. Also, small-scale extinguishing tests were conducted for n-heptane pool fire in ventilated space. During the experiments, flame temperatures were measured, and concentrations of oxygen and carbon monoxide were analyzed by a combustion gas analyzer. The average evaporation rate of water droplet containing additives was lower than that of pure water at a given surface temperature and decreased with the concentration increase due to the precipitation of salt in the liquid-film and change of surface tension. In case of using additives, the fire extinguishing times was shorter than that of pure water at a given discharge pressure and it was because the momentum of a water droplet containing additives was increased. And also dissociated metal atoms, potassium or sodium, were reacted as a scavenger of the major radical species OH, H which were generated for combustion process. Moreover, at a high pressure of 4 MPa, the fire was extinguished through blowing effect as well as primary extinguishing mechanisms.

In case of tunnel fire, one of the most effective facilities to save lives is the smoke control system. In this study, two different smoke extraction schemes of transversely ventilated tunnel were compared. One is the smoke extraction using the fixed exhaust ports on the false ceiling to achieve the uniform and distributed smoke extraction (uniform exhaust). The other is that using the remote controlled smoke extraction where only vents close to the fire is opened whereas the others are closed to enhance the limitation of the smoke spread (localized exhaust). A number of numerical simulations were performed to find out the optimal smoke extraction rate at each smoke extraction scheme to allow the tunnel users to escape to the safe area without endangering their lives by smoke.

A study on fire phenomena in a subway transit mass station has been carried out as a part of disaster prevention plan at the subway station. The ventilation facilities installed in both the platform and the trackway are designed to convert into a smoke exhaust system in emergency situation, creating an environment necessary for evacuation. 3 dimensional Numerical Simulations based on the CFD are carried out using a simulation tool, Fire Dynamic Simulator. Total of six different cases are made and performances are compared each other to find optimal vents operation to ensure safer environment for evacuation at the platform area considering the installation of platform screen door.

The construction workers might be at the risk of many occupational injuries and illnesses. To protect workers from various hazards, industrial health and hygiene systems were specified for the construction workers by law. It is important to know the actual health and safety(H&S) conditions by tasks and the characteristics of injuries and illnesses of construction workers. This study was designed to investigate the actual conditions of construction workers exposed to various harmful substances and work elements including evaluation of health status of each worker and general H&S system. Questionnaire was sent to 600 construction workers nationwide and totally 367 people responded to it having 61.67% of response rate. The common construction hazards were dust(29.6%), noise(19.3%), repetitive motions(12.0%), handling excessive heavy materials(11.2%) in order. The repetitive motions and handling heavy materials related to muscle disorders accounted for 23.2%. The accident and injury types were in order of overexertion, falling, overturning, dropping or flying, electric shock, collision, etc.