Simple mass balance method was developed to estimate the contribution of two major fugitive dust sources in the Port of Incheon to a nearby residential area in this study. Using the relatively small number of TSP data as well as the data on mass fraction of Fe and organic materials in the sampled dust, our simplified method demonstrated its ability to estimate the contribution of each fugitive source to a specific location including the residential area with relatively reasonable accuracy. It is clear from this simple method can be applied to the situation where two major fugitive dust sources are responsible for the high TSP concentration around the source area and there are clear marker chemicals representing the characteristics of the fugitive dust sources.

Jet Bubbling Reactors(JBRs) were operated for the removal of SO$_{x}$ in flue gases produced from many electric power plants. However, many JBR flue gas desulfurization (FGD) facility faced a decrease of SO$_{x}$ removal efficiency and an increase of scale problems with continuous operations. We increased alkalinity of the SO$_{2}$ absorbing medium by adding the dibasic acids (DBAs) to solve these problems more effectively. The SO$_{2}$ removal efficiency, the purity of CaCO$_{3}$ and COD of the wastewater was measured to identify the addition effects of DBAs (150, 200, 250, and 400 ppm) for 2hr in a day into the JBR attached to the large-scale power plants (400 MW$\times$3). Addition of the DBAs resulted in the improvement of the SO$_{2}$ removal efficiency from 2 to 5% and the purity of the gypsum from 1 to 2%; these improvement were due to the alkalinity increase of the absorbing medium and the reduction of a proportion of un-reacted CaCO$_{3}$, respectively. Also, the scale problems formed by un-reacted CaCO$_{3}$ inside the reaction zone of the JBR were substantially reduced. Even though the effluent COD of the wastewater slightly increased from 10~15 to 18~36 mg/l and the erosion problems in the injection pump and duct occurred, this method of increasing SO$_{2}$ removal efficiency by adding the DBAs could be considered as a profitable approach.ach.

Estimating the emission rate of VOCs from a gasoline industry at national level can be a challenging take even though the estimation is mean-based. However, using the procedures in the US EPA AP-42 guidelines, it is possible to approximate the mean industry emission rate once enough data are available. However, this estimate can be misled in the sense that there exist many stochastic factors in the EPA\\`s estimation procedures and also throughout the marketing channels of gasoline industry. Addressing the stochasticity problem in EPA\\`s procedure is hard to tackle because the detailed data needed to execute the estimation are not usually available even from refiners. Instead, this research tries to stay focused on the second type of stochasticity issue, raised from the mean0based metrological and marketing practice data collected from the 4 major refiners. To do so emission raters from each marketing channels (8 marketing points by 3 transportation types and by storage facilities of 4 refiners) are estimated monthly, following AP-42 procedures and using Tank 4.0. Once these estimates are acquired, the distribution of VOC emission rate for each marketing channel of all 4 refiners is estimated through simulation method using @Risk. The mean-based emission rates are weighted by company quantities to estimate the emission rate from the whole gasoline industry. Simple economic implication is provided, based on the result. This study found that, on the mean-bases, about 0.66% of gasoline marketed are evaporated into air. Considering the stochasticity in the estimation, about 90% of simulation results fell into the range of 0.65 to 0.68%. For 90% chance, the estimated economic loss is $54.65 million to $57.17 million, not counting the cost caused by air quality degradation and associated health impact.

To test the compatibility of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) and conventional in-situ monitoring technique we conducted a comparative analysis of the two systems using hourly measurement data sets of three criteria pollutants including No$_{2}$O$_{3}$, and SO$_{2}$ collected in months between April and June of 2001 at Sung Man city, Kyung Gi Province, Korea. The results of our comparative analysis were useful to evaluate the various aspects of DOAS performance, of particular the level of agreement with the counterpart method through computation of percent differences and correlation analysis. Interpretation of the mixing ratio data for those chemical species was however confined in terms of explaining the differences affected by the changes in environmental conditions because measurements of important meteorological parameters were limited during most of the study period. Nevertheless, the overall results of this study strongly demonstrated that the mixing ratio of major pollutants measured by the two different systems maintain strong compatibility from various respects.