음용수는 인체 생리기능상 필수불가결한 요소이다. 하루 평균 2릿터식 음용하는 이외 식품이나 음료수로 평생동안 섭취하는 양까지 고려하고 또한 현대생활의 대도시권 급수규모를 보면 보건상 막대한 혜택과 바람직하지 않은 영향을 줄 수 있는 가능성을 띠고 있다. WHO는 국제음용수질기준을 1984년 개정하여 각국이 지역사정을 감안한 자국의 기준을 설정$\cdot$개발하는데 기초로 삼도록 각종물질과 항목별로 최대허용치를 건의하고 있다. 선진국인 미국, 카나다 등은 WHO의 이런 기준과는 별도의 독자적인 기준을 적용하고 있어 이들의 제정배경과 과학적 근거를 재조명하여 앞으로 방향설정에 참고하자는 것이다. 음용수질은 당해지역의 지질$\cdot$기후$\cdot$생태계 등 자연조건과 산업$\cdot$농업$\cdot$목축업$\cdot$광업등, 인위적인 활동, 그리고 처리기술과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 유기화학물질은 지표$\cdot$지하수에 급증되고 있고 그 극미양물질의 측정은 고도의 기술을 요하며 기중 일부는 보건상 극히 유해한 물질로 알려져 경각심을 불러일으킨다. 염소소독법은 금세기 최적의 음용수 살균$\cdot$소독제로 활용되어 왔음에도 자연의 유기물질과 작용하여 발암성인 trihalomethane(주로 Chloroform)을 생성한다 해서 논란의 대상이 되고 있으며 연수는 경수에 비해 순환기계질환의 사망률이 증가된다는 연구보고가 있고 상수관의 부식으로 음용자의 혈중 납 농도가 증가되었다는 지적도 있다. WHO와 이들 선진국간에는 규제항목수나 허용치에 있어 상이한 점이 있으므로 국별환경상태$\cdot$경제조건은 차치하고라도 과학적인 자료와 연구진척에 큰 관심을 쏟게 된다. 다만, 선진국마저 구명하지 못하였거나 미진한 일부물질의 허용치, 보다 편의한 측정 법, 그리고 경제적인 처리기법 등 신뢰성이 높은 근거를 마련해 줄 것이 요구된다.

It was observed by electron microscope (transmission electron microscope, Scanning electron microscope) as a study on microstructure of soybean after r-ray irradiation with the intensity of 5KGY, 7KGY, 10KGY and 15KGY, fermented with the named Bacillus subtilis SCF, which newly separated and identified. According to the progress fermentation, changes of soybean microstructure have been increased, especially irradiated soybeans more increased than non-irradiated them. Observation of microstructure by electron microscope showed that each protein body became more. expanded in the dimension and decomposed, spherosome around the protein body in unit area dispersed and dwindled in the numbers of it. As the fermentation on progress, changes of soybean microstructure were suitable on fermentation period of 7KGY soybean, 48-72hrs fermentation.

This study was performed to investigate the sanitation of restaurants in Seoul Area. The subjects were 153 wet towels, 64 cold noodle soup and 190 barely tea. The results were as follows: In wet towels: The detected rate of standard plate counts was $86.9\%$ (133 samples) and average count was $1.8\times10^3/g$ $the detected rate of coliform was $37.9\%$ (58 samples) and average count by MPN method was $2.0\times10^3/100g$, the detected rate of fecal coliform was $15.7\%$ (24 samples) and average count by MPN method was $3.2\times10/100g$. In cold noodle soups: The detected rate of standard plate counts was $100\%$ (64 samples) and average count was $9.4\times10^5/ml$, the detected rate of coliform was $75\%$ (48 samples) and average count by MPN method was $6.0\times10^5/100ml$, the detected rate of fecal coliform was $51.6\%$ (33 samples) and average count by MPN method was $3.4\times10^3/100ml$. In barely tea: The detected rate of standard plate counts was $87.4\%$(166 samples) and average count was $5.8\times10^3/ml$the detected rate of coliform was $66.3\%$ (126 samples) and average count by MPN method was $3.9\times10^3/100ml$, the detected rate of fecal coliform was $32.6\%$ (62 samples) and average count was by MPN method was $4.7\times10/100ml$.

The underground living spaces have become one of the major environment of this decade in urban area. This study was carried out to examine contamination level for purpose of preservation of the pleasant underground environment. Three subway stations and three underground shopping centers in Seoul and two underground shopping centers in Busan were selected and surveyed by measuring gaseous pollutants $(SO_2,\; NO_2,\;CO,\;HC,\; HCHO,\;CO_2)$, dust, airborne microbes, and the other air condtions (temperature, humidity, air pressure, air flow, kata cooling power). These examined data were compared with four kinds of standard (building sanitation management, room air quality standards, occupational safety and health standards, ventilation equipment) as environmental hygiene.

This sanitary survey was carried out to investigate the bacteriological contamination of cooking utensils and foods of moving tavern in eight sample sites of Seoul area. The results of survey were as follows: 1. The counts by means of total bacteria in cooking utensils and food samples by standard plate count method were as follow: $5.6\times10^5$ per gm in dishcloth, $3.1\times10^6$ per ml in dishwater. In food samples, $5.4\times10^5$ per gm in meat was higher than other samples. 2. The average counts total coliform and fecal coliform in samples by MPN method were as follow: $3.4\times10^4$ MPN per 100ml, and $1.3\times10^2$ MPN per 100ml in chopping board, $6.1\times10^4$MPN per gm and $1.0\times10^2$ MPN per gm in dishcloth, $1.8\times10^5$ MPN per 100ml and $6.1\times10^2$ MPN per 100ml in dishwater. In food samples, $3.1\times10^4$MPN per gm and $2.0\times10^2$ MPN per gm in meat was higher than other samples. 3. The counts by means of Pseudomonas in samples by MPN method were as follow: $2.8\times10^3$ MPN per 100ml in chopping board, $4.7\times10^3$ MPN per gm in dishcloth $5.6\times10^3$ MPN per 100ml in dishwater. In food samples, $2.4\times10^3$ MPN per gm in shellfish was higher than other samples. 4. Isolation cases of Food poisoning organisms from samples were as follow: Staphylococci was detected 9 cases $(17.6\%)$ in chopping board, 7 cases $(13.6\%)$ in dishcloth. In food samples, 9 cases $(25.7\%)$ in meat, 1 case $(4\%)$ in fish samples. Salmonella was detected 2 cases $(3.9\%)$ in dishwater, 1 case in meat samples.

랫트와 마우스에 M. Pulmonis의 감염률을 조사하기 위해 마우스 310수 랫트 330수를 사용하여 이 균에 의한 여러가지 친화성조직중 가장 높게 감염을 일으키는 부위와 각 채취부위별로 검체의 배양검사 및 보체결합 반응에 따른 특이항체 양성률등의 실험을 수행하여 다음 결론을 얻었다. 1. 마우스와 렛트에서 M. Pulmonis의 양성률이 높은 부위는 마우스에서 구강, 안, 비강순이고 랫트에서 비강, 기관지, 구강 순으로 나타냈다. 2. M. Pulmonis 양성률은 A사육장의 마우스 50수중 6수$(12\%)$이며, B사육장에서는 8수$(16\%)$이었다. 한편 랫트에서 60수중 33수$(55\%)$와 42수$(70\%)$로 각각 나타냈다. 3. 랫트와 마우스에서 채취한 혈청으로 보체결합 반응을 통하여 얻은 특이적인 항체가가 1:5(< 1:5)보다 낮은 경우는 마우스 100수중 73수$(73\%)$이고 1:5 보다 높은 항체가를 보인 경우에는 24수$(24\%)$ 이었으며 나머지 3수$(3\%)$는 항보체기능으로 측정하지 못했다. 한편 랫트에서 1: 5보다 낮은 항체가를 보인 경우에는 총 120수중 42수$(35\%)$ 이고 1: 5보다 높은 경우 73수$(61\%)$의 양성율을 보였으며 나머지 $6\%$는 항보체 기능으로 측정이 안되었다.

510 random samples were studied during the months of may through November 1985 at the various industries and conclustions were made as follows; 1. $43.94\%$ of the plants studied operated their plants with semiautomatic control system, and better efficiency were observed at the plants where automatic control systems emplorid and also large industries showed more tendency adopting the automatic plant control system. 2. Overall efficiency of the treatment plants were seen much higher at the first and secand discharge class categories then the lower discharge classes, $80.79\%$ of the plants were see their daily plant operation being controlled by the operator himself. 3. The main causes of the plant stopage and in efficient discharge control were found to be malfunctioning of the plants machineries and equipment or inadequate decision made by the management to save chemicals or electricity. 4. The study showed $60\%$ of the industry treated their wastwater wholly and the rest discharged only with dilution without receiving any further treatment, and this tendency pronounced at the 4th and 5th class discharge category industries. 5. $66.17\%$ of the industry had their storage capacity to accommodate the waste discharge during plants outage while $92.67\%$ of the air pollution discharge industries had no means for the plant outage. 6. $56.77\%$ of the studied industry maintained 24 hour operation of their discharge control systems whill $18.67\%$ of air pollution discharge industries and $10.53\%$ of the waste water discharge industries showed no control effort during the night.

This study was performed to investigate the air pollution tolerance of urban trees; Gingko biloba, Platanus occidentalis, Salix pseudolagiogyne and Purunus serrulata growing in Seoul, Taegu, Chungju area. Vitality of trees and water soluble sulfur content in the leaves were determined at 24 points in those cities. The ratio of the each number of Platanus occidentalis, Gingko biloba, Salix psuedolagiogyne and Prunus serrulata to the total number of urban tree in Seoul area was $49.38\%,\; 17.36\%,\; 13.42\%,\;2.43\%$, respectively. Its ratio in Taegu area was $36.76\%,\;14.25\%,\;13.36\%,\;3.32\%$ and in the Chungju area was $59.06\%,\;17.35\%,\;11.09\%,\;8.33\%$, respectively. The species deversity was 0.7017, 09067, 0.5297 in Seoul, Taegu, Chungju, respectively. The significant correlation between the S02 concentration and the tree vitality highly found on Platanus occidentalis, Gingko biloba, Salix pseudolagiogyne and Prunus serrulata. Positive correlation coefficient between $SO_2$ concentration and water soluble sulfur content were shown on Platanus occidentalis, Salix pseudolagiogyne and Prunus serrulata and that between tree vitality and water soluble sulfur content were shown on Platanus occidentalis and Gingko biloba. The tolerant to the S02 gas was high in order of Salix pseudolagiogyne, Gingko biloba, Prunus serrulata and Platanus occidentalis. Also the absorption activity to the $SO_2$ gas was high in order of Salix psuedolagiogyne, Gingko biloba, Platanus occidentalis and Prunus serrulata.

15종의 채소를 Chloroform으로 추출물을 조제하여 공시균(Aspergillus parasiticus R-716)의 생육 및 aflatoxin 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 마늘, 생강, 무우 및 양배추의 순으로 공시균의생육을 저해하였으나, 가지, 상치 등은 오히려 생육을 촉진하였다. 또한 균체생성시 공시균의 aftlatoxin기 생성은 무우, 생강, 쑥갓, 양배추의 순으로 저해하였으나, 우엉, 고추는 오히려 증가시켰다. 특히 무우는 균체 g당 aflatoxin 함량을 감소시켜 가장 효과적인 채소로 나타났으며, 고체배지에서도 무우 30g에 해당되는 추출물의 첨가로 약 $80\%$의 aflatoxin생성이 저해되어 쌀, 보리배지에서 각각 484 및 $191{\mu}g$의 aflatoxin만이 생성되었다.