'Container type' was mainly used for existing temporary housing facilities in Korea. In the case of container type, a problem has emerged that it requires a manufacturing period and is difficult to mass-produce and move. From 2015 onwards, tents were provided in the gym and provided as temporary living spaces. However, a problem has emerged that the space is small and privacy protection is poor. As such, various problems such as the narrowness of temporary housing spaces, poor living conditions, and shortage of supply have been discussed, but adequate response to temporary housing spaces has not been made. There is an increasing demand for research on residential spaces for the victims and for research and development on temporary housing spaces that can be quickly supplied in large quantities in a short period of time in the event of a disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a model of a temporary housing facility that can be mass-produced, quickly supplied, and moved.

This study aims to analyze the change in the building use in the old downtown area of Gunsan, where gentrification and touristify were occurred, from the perspective of spatial configuration. This research analyzed the spatial configuration of the historical landscape district in Gunsan, where urban regeneration projects were carried out, and the building-use change of living facilities for residents and commercial facilities for visitors. The study was carried out through the following methods. Firstly, the spatial configuration of the old downtown area of Gunsan were analyzed using Space Syntax and GIS. Secondly, through the street view of the web map, the building use of the research area was investigated. Thirdly, all types of buildings were classified into resident living support facilities and visitor support facilities, and other facilities. Finally, integration of each store was calculated and comparative analysis were carried out focused on the change of integration and building usage between 2010 and 2019. The conclusions of the study are as follows. Visitor support facilities were created in areas with good spatial accessibility, and resident living facilities showed the opposite pattern. Increasing the number of visitors support facilities can heighten the efficiency of land use and revitalize commercial districts. However, measures should be taken to protect the residential environment as the number of neighborhood service facilities that enhance the quality of the living environment decreases.

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of the transition to the Rhizome-type Library in post COVID-19 era. The cases and theories were considered to understand the characteristics of the Rhizome-type Spatial Structure. The spatial structure of the Rhizome-type Library has De-centrality, Independence, Diversity and partly De-hierarchicality, De-territorialisation, Nomadic, Ambiguity, Conjunctivity. The results of this study were as follows; First, the Rhizome-type Library will be easy to access the neighborhood, which will facilitate the convenience of users. Second, the Rhizome-type Library can be placed in very small places in the neighborhood and provide variety of services and also personal space for reading, learning, and works. Third, the Rhizome-type Library has flexible and changeable spatial forms and the form can be customized. And lastly, the Rhizome-type Library has the potential to evolve to include the functions of other Public Service Facilities, so the Rhizome-type Library can be used as an alternative to large Public Service Facilities in unexpected disaster situations, such as COVID-19. In conclusion, the Rhizome-type Library could be a way to change the paradigm of library service and space in the post COVID-19 era.

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of creating a residential environment for Community Care considering the characteristics of various aspects of the elderly. For this end, analyzed a Community Care Needs of the elderly living in public rental housing. Considerations and issues for creating a residential environment for community care for senior citizens as a result are as follows : 1) The situation in which the elderly are faced should be subdivided and an appropriate and detailed care environment for each type should be established. 2) It is necessary to establish a Community Care system that reflects the economic characteristics of the elderly. 3) It is necessary to prepare a plan to improve accessibility by analyzing and considering the position of service users from various angles. 4) It is necessary to diversify the types of Community Care services and to establish a comprehensive support environment for them. 5) It is necessary to establish an appropriate living area of the Community Care system by reflecting the population density of the elderly, the behavior and physical characteristics of the elderly, etc. 6) It is necessary to consider public spaces and outdoor spaces where physical activities can be performed for the health of the elderly. 7) Physical and social environmental factors that affect the elderly's housing satisfaction should be considered at the same time.

Although han-ok public buildings are facilities that can be experienced by the public, the structural characteristics of han-ok make it difficult for the disabled, the elderly, and the vulnerable to access them. Therefore, this study would like to examine the current status of barrier-free application of han-ok public buildings to improve accessibility for the disabled. For this, relevant laws and prior studies are reviewed, field researches are conducted, and an analysis of status is conducted. As a result, elements properly applied to han-ok public buildings and elements requiring improvement are identified. Although the clear width, slope, etc are appropriately satisfied with almost all investigations, improvements are needed in flooring finishes, thresholds, handles, etc. By use, the appropriate installation ratio is low in cultural and assembly facilities and there is no significant correlation in terms of size. And it has been confirmed that the obligation or recommendation of convenience facilities for each target facility is not related to the appropriate installation ratio. Facilities used by the public should be installed regardless of structure, use, size, and obligation, and if it is difficult to install them, measures for improvement should be prepared. Therefore, for the barrier-free elements of han-ok public buildings to be actively applied, related research should be continuously conducted and legal regulations should be strengthened, incentive support or certification system should be expanded.

Recent rapid aging in Korean contemporary society has come to require more supportive physical living environment for the elderly, while satisfying physical, psychological, and social needs in a way to be adaptive for seniors. In 2021, a through review on housing renovation manual is necessary since various problems are continuously rising in the elderly residence for their malfunction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of importance and satisfaction with current senior's housing through an IPA and to suggest an implementation. The review of literature showed that there were few significant research on housing renovation manuals. An IPA results indicated that a primary component of concentrative improvement in living room area was lighting fixture and safety equipment to assist a walking and easy opening handle device of windows for seniors. Multiple regression analysis also showed that a safe handle height for walking was the most important predictor in overall satisfaction. In kitchen and dinning area, the analysis also found that safety related elements were major improvement to be need, followed by heat-resistant finishes, stick-style gas valve easy to operate, and location of ventilation switch. In case of lighting fixture, it needed continuous improvement to upkeep, while the degree of satisfaction and importance with cleaning and open access style shelf were high. Since the findings have research limitation, resulting from regional survey focused on Nowon-Ku, Seoul, wide generalization is needed by including more target sample of the elderly and old apartment housing estate.

Under the strengthening of local autonomy and decentralization, government public offices are changing from the existing focus of administrative work and civil service to a hub of local communities that provides various complex functions and spaces such as local economy, society, culture and welfare. However, since there are no legal or institutional regulations for construction of government public building, the plan is based on the will of the responsible departments or local residents, causing problems such as ostentatious buildings and budget waste. Therefore, this study aims to avoid reckless public government building construction projects and contribute to rational and systematic public government building construction projects by deriving assessment index and standards that can be used in the establishment of public government buildings in Jeju. In this study, assessment indexes were classified by surveying and analyzing assessment index for the construction of government public buildings at domestic and abroad, and assessment indexes were derived for government public building construction projects using FGI method. In order to identify the importance of each item, the weight of each item was selected by conducting a survey and AHP analysis on architects, professors, civil servants related to architecture and construction, and researchers. It is expected that the assessment index will be utilized to prevent rational government public buildings and budget abuse by providing basic guidelines necessary for the construction of government public buildings during the planning phase of the government public building construction project, and to determine the appropriateness of project plan.

This study aims to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of the urban regeneration revitalization area where gentrification occurred through comparative analysis of urban spatial structure between the areas where gentrification occurred and areas where gentrification did not occur among the urban regeneration revitalization areas in Seoul. In this study, it was revealed that the urban regeneration area including the gentrification site has exceptional spatial structure through the analysis result of the urban spatial structure. In addition, it was possible to understand the reason why Seoul strategically selected urban regeneration revitalization areas including gentrification sites. Taken together, it is recognized that it is a combination of two regions with different spatial structures with different clarity due to the characteristics of the area overlapping the gentrification area among the existing urban regeneration revitalization areas, suggesting the necessity of selecting a target site considering this. As such, gentrification in urban regeneration projects has both positive and negative effects as a byproduct that can be naturally accompanied. Therefore, an active response is required to identify its characteristics in advance, and to utilize and control them.

This study examines the housing change patterns that have been carried out at the sites where villages were formed spontaneously without permission for construction without land divisions, targeting villages and houses, which are the sites of life of the settled migrant poor since the 1960s. wanted to derive. And the social network after liberation and the spatial change patterns that appeared in the process of extension and remodeling were extracted unconsciously in the special situation of the social network and slopes after liberation. We tried to estimate the living standards and living standards through. Through research on internal and external spaces, villages and housing cases that were naturally created by rural migrants building houses without permission and without an infrastructure plan on a slope near downtown were discovered and documented. In addition, under the narrow site conditions, single- and double-family housing types that exist from the early days of settlement to the present were discovered, and data on 'architectural architecture without an architect' were created by tracing the patterns of living and extending the necessary space. provided.

Vacant houses, which are directly linked to various social problems, are increasing rapidly throughout the country. In this study sought to understand the occurrence of vacant houses as a spatial phenomenon and to demonstrate factors affecting the occurrence of vacant houses. Therefore, the purpose of this study is as follows: First, it was intended to identify the distribution and analyze the current status of empty houses in Gyeongsangnam-do by utilizing actual empty house address data. Second, the spatial characteristics of vacant houses were understood based on spatial autocorrelation analysis of vacant houses. Third, variables were selected based on prior studies and the factors affecting empty houses were analyzed through spatial regression analysis. Finally, it was intended to explore the connection between regional characteristics and the occurrence of vacant houses, and to derive influencing factors related to the occurrence of vacnat houses. Analysis results shows that the distribution of vacant houses is distributed in large numbers around geographically poor areas. The increase in vacant houses could also be observed centered around areas near existing vacant houses. Furthermore, the spatial regression analysis showed that the occurrence of vacant houses was highly distributed in areas with poor terrain and environment, such as administrative boundary areas, river boundary areas, and wastewater discharge sites. Based on these results, it seems necessary to take measures against vacant houses in dangerous areas in order to prepare for the increase in vacant houses in advance in the future, taking into account regional characteristics.

This study analyzes the spatial characteristics of modern public libraries that have changed non-linearly and non-hierarchically after the introduction of digital media through architectural expressions of hypertext structure characteristics as non-linear, multi-center, interaction, and borderless. The non-linear spatial composition appears in the combination of the atrium and the vertical movement, and the multi-center spatial composition is formed by the program composition through the location of the atrium and the void space, and the non-hierarchical division of the program through the furniture layout in an open plane. Interaction takes place through the transparency of building materials, visual and auditory communication in open spaces, changes in use according to user actions, and linking with different programs. Borderless appear as behavioral differences in the public-private domain, cognitive boundaries due to level differences, and ambiguity from gradient changes of slope. The open space where community activities were mainly performed reduces the gap between program participants and non-participants with undivided openness. It was confirmed that even visitors of the library could voluntarily participate in the community program or have an indirect experience. Through this study, it was possible to understand that the community is formed and space is utilized in a new way in the public library by the structural characteristics of hypertext.

The purpose of this study is to examine the case of Independence Arch(Dongnimmun Gate) in order to understand the method of conserving architectural cultural properties in the urban development of Seoul in the 1970s. The Seoul Metropolitan Government, which insisted on relocating for urban development, and the Cultural Heritage Committee, which insisted on preserving the cultural properties in their original locations, conflicted. Among them, the public opinion of non-specialists(the media and citizens) played an important role in determining the relocation of Independence Arch. They basically gave priority to conservation rather than development, but it was found that they put more importance on the surrounding environment and visual elements rather than the conservation of cultural properties in their original locations.

Under the Korean Enforcement Decree of the Building Act, all of high story apartment houses more than 5 story buildings are mandate to install fire evacuation system to ensure safe evacuation from fire accident providing quick and easy bi-directional escape route when main entrance is blocked by flame and toxic smoke caused from fire. However, current fire evacuation system shows lack of understanding from residents and thus widely ignored for having insufficient safety functions especially on fire emergency. Studies found that recent changes in housing characteristics through improvement of living has lead applying various planes into dense and multipurpose floor space for convenient residence trend while conventional passive fire evacuation system such as indoor shelter space, light-weight partition and top-down emergency exit are still installed without improvement on fire safety which may cause unsuccessful evacuation especially when residential buildings are raising high. An alternative high rise building evacuation method, so the called escapable fire evacuation system has analyzed for safety evaluation compared with conventional passive stay able fire escape system that can bring efficient and safer solution providing high rise residents escape from fire accident. Evaluation for safety evacuation on active fire escape system has performed by Fire Dynamics Simulation and applying Pathfinder simulation, resulted in providing proper and appropriate escape route within the safety escape time allowed for multiple residents including disabled and elderly persons in high rise building fire.

Building energy demand currently accounts for 30% of the total energy consumption, which has a great influence on the planning and operation of the energy market managed by energy suppliers. Furthermore, its importance has increased significantly with the advent of smart grid. Variables affecting building energy consumption include identified various environmental conditions that cast sophisticated effect on the energy performance of the buildings. However, due to a large number of potentially associated environmental variables, it is needed to extract embedded features so as to improve building energy prediction capability through adopting Principle Component Analysis which could reduce input data dimension. The primary objective of this study is to propose a high-precision building energy demand prediction model by reducing the dimensionality through PCA. Machine learning is implemented by using LSTM model, and prediction accuracy and performance are verified through R², RMSE, MAE, as well as computation time. The improvement ratio showed 14.93% increase when dimension-reduced dataset and normalized raw data were combined in comparison with the predicted case tested by using only normalized raw data. This study could support optimum building energy operation planning and design by promoting the creation and implementation of energy-efficient smart grid systems in the future.

The Purpose of this study is to analyze the energy saving effect through green remodeling of deteriorated detached house in order to effectively reduce greenhouse gas in the building sector. In order to predict the energy saving effect through green remodeling of deteriorated detached house, the current status of detached house was surveyed in Nam-gu, Busan, and among them, Munhyeon-dong, which has the largest number of detached house, was selected as the target area. A standard model of an deteriorated detached house was selected by examining the total floor area, building area, wall material, roof material and shape, and u-value of the detached house. The heating and cooling energy according to the single element change of the passive system of the building was analyzed through the energy simulation Design Builder for the selected detached house standard model. In addition, the effect of green remodeling was analyzed through the primary energy consumption per unit area per year derived by improving the passive system and the active system, and the green building conversion was evaluated based on the result. In addition, the amount energy savings in the target area was predicted through the green remodeling effect of the derived standard model.

For the analysis of the progressive collapse resistance performance of a structure, it is recommended to use a 3-D structure model that considers the 3-D effect of the slab, the continuity of the adjacent spans, and the redistribution of stress through the alternated path of the upper stories. Although a structure is modeled with reduced modeling concepts, the large size of the target structure still requires a lot of time on modeling and analysis. In this study, the sub-assemblage structure modeling concept was presented. The area of the sub-assemblage structure was determined by the analysis of the number of affected spans using the stress variation in the members before and after the sudden column removal in the entire structure model. The modeling concept was suggested in three levels according to the degree of the modelled detail of members located in the outer area of the sub-assemblage structure. They are evaluated by comparing the load-displacement relationship, girder stresses and plastic hinging locations with those resulted by the simulation of entire structure model.

This study conducted an experiment on the shear strength of high-strength reinforced concrete beams depending on the effects of shear reinforcement spacing and beam size. Through experiments, experimental values were compared with the theoretical values based on standard equations such as KDS 14 20 22, ACI 318-19, CEB-FIP, and existing proposal equations which are Zsutty, Bazant, and Lee's equations. It will be compared and analyzed to be used as basic data for shear design of reinforced concrete beams with f_ck = 50 MPa, 𝜌 = 0.025 and the width-to-depth ratio (h/b) were constant, and the beam size (b×d) and shear reinforcement spacing (d/s) were variables. The test specimens were divided into three series, SHR1, SHR2, and SHR3, according to the size of the cross section. As a result of comparing the experimental value and the theoretical value according to the standard equations and the proposed equations, the average value was 1.15 to 1.61 and the standard deviation was 0.16 to 0.20. Among the comparisons between the standard and proposed equations, the Zsutty, Bazant, and Lee's equations predict experimental values relatively well. The mean of the Zsutty's equation was 1.29, the standard deviation was 0.18, the mean of the Bazant's equation was 1.15, the standard deviation was 0.19, the mean of the Lee's equation was 1.17, and the standard deviation was 0.20, respectively.

Explosive spalling is one of the significant considerations of concrete structures, despite the great fire resistance performance of the concrete. In general, explosive spalling of HSC (Hign Strength Concrete) was variously investigated due to the higher possibility of spalling rather than its of NSC (Normal Strength Concrete). However, in a specific condition such as higher than 4% w/c, explosive spalling of NSC can be occurred and concrete structures with NSC should be considered to preventing them. Due to several cases for spalling of NSC, the importance of investigating them was consolidated. In this study, the spalling of NSC under construction conditions was surveyed by large-scale fire tests, and the damage of concrete structures such as section loss was investigated. Due to violent spalling of NSC at early stages after heating, the cover of concrete was removed, and most of the reinforcements were exposed. These damages weakened the structural performance of concrete structures, and the temperatures of reinforcements dramatically rose. In other words, these damages can make the structures collapse. Also, connections such as anchors and splice sleeves can be failed due to section loss. For this reason, the capacities of the anchors in this study with intact section and damaged sections were investigated according to Korea Design Standard. The reduction ratios for capacities of the anchors under tension and shear were obtained.

This study investigated the wind pressure characteristics of an elliptical retractable dome roof with a central opening. Wind tunnel experiments were performed on elliptical dome roofs with varying wall height-to-span ratios (0.1-0.5) and opening ratio of 30%, where the opening ratio was defined as the ratio of the open area of the roof to the total area of the roof. The resulting peak pressure coefficients of the elliptical dome roof were then compared with those of the korean wind load code (KDS 41 10 15) as there are no current peak pressure coefficients for the cladding design code of elliptical dome roofs and open roofs. As a result, the experimental values exceeded the current code.

In this study, the carbonation depth according to the type of surface treatment materials was evaluated by applying the surface treatment method to the fire damaged fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the carbonation resistance according to the type of surface treatment materials was superior in the order of a polymer coating, lithium silicate impregnation, and sodium silicate impregnation. In addition, in the case of polymer coating, it was confirmed that the carbonation did not proceed significantly due to accelerated carbonation even if scratches of 0.5mm or less, which may occur during the use of building after construction.

In order to minimize the environmental load of the construction industry, it is necessary to strengthen the eco-friendliness of building materials and extend the durability and lifespan of new construction and demolition. Therefore, many methods of finishing the roofing materials of hanok have been reviewed and the problems have been improved, but the existing method is being used as it is due to problems such as economic feasibility, weight, and hardness. Clay and kaolin produced in Gyeongju, and fine powder of ferronickel slag (FNS), a recycled resource, were added to the clay roof tile manufacturing method to review the properties and color change effect as a representative roofing material in Korea, and to improve the pollution resistance of buildings with ceramic nano coating I tried to solve the problem to improve. As a result, the flexural strength of the eco-friendly clay roof tile fired at 1025 ℃ low temperature was 2800N or more and the water absorption rate was 9%, which satisfies the quality standards of KS F 3510, the contact angle is 135.95 degrees, and the color is 40 CIE * L, confirming the characteristics of the eco-friendly clay roof tile.

To reduce safety accidents leading to serious casualties and compensation, the Ministry of Employment and Labor prescribes Occupational Safety and Health Management Expenses (OSHME). Though there is an expense calculated by fixed rate, it is more urgent to spend the set amount according to the situation rather than standards due to the ambiguous criteria. Consequently, OSHME used nominally to make contract rather than to educate and protect the safety of workers. Therefore, in this research, OSHME was predicted by applying Deep Neural Network (DNN) with various optimizer, epoch, nodes based on 135 general construction cases under 500 million won to compare from multivariate regression analysis and origin contract cost multiplied existing rate by applying error indicators, mean squared error (MSE) and mean absoloute error (MAE). As a result, by comparing the values from three different analysis, DNN model with bayesian regularization optimizer in 0.01 learning rate was outstanding method to predict OSHME. Rather than simply executing as the current law, multiplying direct labor and material costs by a certain percentage, proposed model would support to calculate construction costs efficiently. Especially, as the contract material costs show high impact on consumed OSHME, when the sum of labor and material costs is the same, if material costs are high, it is required that OSHME be set higher. Furthermore, it is necessary to specify clear criteria and detailed usage plans to ensure not to execute incorrectly.

Resource management is essential in a construction project. In particular, resource leveling, which reduces resource fluctuations among resource management methods, prevents resource stagnation and shortage, thereby maintaining a balance between limited construction cost and construction period. In this study, the effect of resource leveling through the queueing model on the construction cost and construction period was quantitatively analyzed based on the data of the case project. First, in this study, the resource-related problems of the case project are described and the state of the queue system is analyzed using the queueing model. Second, the queue system status is analyzed after resource leveling by objective criteria. Third, quantitatively analyze the effect of resource leveling using the queueing model on construction cost and construction period. Through this, the method proposed in this study is verified. This result helps objective decision making in the process planning stage or resource input decision stage, taking into account waiting costs and service costs.