심프렉틱 다양체는 미분다양체와 케러다양체 사이에 있는 다양체로서 심프렉틱 구조를 갖는 다양체이다. 케러다양체의 성질들을 얼마나 확장할수 있는지, 미분다양체와 다른 성질은 무엇이 있는지 연구함은 흥미있는 일이다. 심프렉틱 구조로부터 준복소구조가 정의되어 2차원 부분다양체를 나타내는 슈도-호로모르픽 사상이 정의되고, 이들은 모듀라이 공간이 된다. 또한 심프렉틱 구조는 메트릭과 에너지를 정의하여 노비코프환을 정의한다. 여기서 모듀라이 공간의 위상구조가 그로모브-위튼 불변량을 정의한다. 이 불변량은 심프렉틱 다양체 연구에 핵심적인 역할을 한다. 이 논문은 그로모브-위튼 불변량의 여러 가지 성질과 그 응용에 대한 여러 학자들의 결과를 소개하는 해설 논문이다.

Conditions for a $\Gamma$-near-ring to be commutative are investigated.

In this paper, we prove the weighted continuity of multilinear Marcinkiewicz operators for the extreme cases of p.

In this paper, we provide an example of "worst cases" of bad pairs of polynomial zeros, namely sums of two polynomials with all pairs of zeros bad and all their zeros real.

In this paper, we study the Ishikawa iterative sequences with errors for Lipschitzian strongly pseudo-contractive operator in arbitrary real Banach spaces. Our results improve the results obtained previously by C. E. Chidume [3] and Zeng [9].

We generalize S. Ikeda's results for perturbed cantor sets showing how we get the dimensions for deformed self-similar sets.

In this paper we prove the solution and stability of the quadratic type functional equations with two variables $4f(\frac{x-2y}{2}) + f(x) + 2f(y)= 8f(\frac{x-y}{2})+ f(2y)$ and f(x-2y)+f(x)+sf(y)-2f(x-y)+f(2y).

Some oscillation criteria are given for second order nonlinear differential equations by means of integral averaging technique.

Let (2,2,2,2) be ramification indices for the Riemann sphere. It is well known that the regular branched covering map corresponding to this, is the Weierstrass P function. Lattes [7] gives a rational function R(z)= ${\frac{z^4+{\frac{1}{2}}g2^{z}^2+{\frac{1}{16}}g{\frac{2}{2}}$ which is chaotic on ${\bar{C}}$ and is induced by the Weierstrass P function and the linear map L(z) = 2z on complex plane C. It is also known that there exist regular branched covering maps from $T^2$ onto ${\bar{C}}$ if and only if the ramification indices are (2,2,2,2), (2,4,4), (2,3,6) and (3,3,3), by the Riemann-Hurwitz formula. In this paper we will construct regular branched covering maps corresponding to the ramification indices (2,4,4), (2,3,6) and (3,3,3), as well as chaotic maps induced by these regular branched covering maps.

M. Brown [2] posed an open question on the class of free homeomorphisms as follows: if f is a free homeomorphism of two manifold and k is a positive integer then is $f^{k}$ free\ulcorner In this paper we show that the answer of the open question is true.

We study a family of 2-bridge knots with 2-tangles in the 3-sphere admitting a genus two 1-bridge splitting. We also observe a geometric relation between (g - 1, 1)-splitting and (g,0)- splitting for g = 2,3. Moreover we construct a family of closed orientable 3-manifolds which are n-fold cyclic coverings of the 3-sphere branched over those 2-bridge knots.

Ever since the time of Euler, the so-called Euler sums have been evaluated in many different ways. We give here a proof of the classical Euler sum by following Lewin's method. We also consider some related formulas involving Euler sums, which are evaluatable from some known definite integrals.

We prove the sufficient conditions for optimality in differential inclusion problem by using the value function. For this purpose, we assume at first that the value function is locally Lipschitz. Secondly, without this assumption, we use the viability theory.

In 1965, Bhatt and Pandey obtained the Watson's theorem for double series by using Dioxon's theorem on the sum of a $_3F_2$. The aim of this paper is to derive twenty three results for double series closely related to the Watson's theorem for double series obtained by Bhatt and Pandey. The results are derived with the help of twenty three summation formulas closely related to the Dison's theorem on the sum of a $_3F_2$ obtained in earlier work by Lavoie, Grondin, Rathie and Arora.

In a 4-valent multi 3-gon graph, every cut-through curve forms a simple closed circuit. Hence it is a weak arrangement of simple curves that is defined by Branko Grunbaum. In this paper, we study the edge properties of the 4-valent multi 3-gon graphs from the point of view of arrangement, and we show that they are 3 colorable.