과제정보
The author(s) are thankful to Dr. Yasir Javed and Dr. Sohail Sajid (University of Agriculture Faisalabad) for providing chemicals and shed facility for the experimental trials. The author(s) are also thankful to Dr. Manshaad Basheer (Big Bird, Pakistan) for providing experimental chicks for this study.
참고문헌
- Ghafoor A, Badar H, Hussain M, Tariq N. An empirical estimation of the factors affecting demand and supply of poultry meat. Pak Vet J. 2010;30:172-4.
- Cisman MM, Ahmed ZA, Mohamoud HA, Awale AT, Nour HSH. Scope specification of coccidiosis in the poultry on researchers. Int J Avian Wildlife Biol. 2020;5:32-7. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijawb.2020.05.00171
- Mottet A, Tempio G. Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2017;73:245-56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917000071
- Mack S, Hoffmann D, Otte J. The contribution of poultry to rural development. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2005;61:7-14. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS200436
- Alikhan NF, Moreno LZ, Castellanos LR, Chattaway MA, McLauchlin J, Lodge M, et al. Dynamics of Salmonella enterica and antimicrobial resistance in the Brazilian poultry industry and global impacts on public health. PLOS Genet. 2022;18:e1010174. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010174
- Ahmed MH, Javed MT, Bahadur SUK, Tariq A, Tahir MH, Tariq ME, et al. Antibacterial effects of copper oxide nanoparticles against E. coli induced infection in broilers. Appl Nanosci. 2022;12:2031-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02482-x
- Abbas G, Khan SH, Hassan M, Mahmood S, Naz S, Gilani SS. Incidence of poultry diseases in different seasons in Khushab district, Pakistan. J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2015;2:141-5. https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2015.b65
- Berhanu G, Fulasa A. Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in poultry: a review. Br J Poult Sci. 2020;9:48-56. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.bjps.2020.48.56
- Ahmed MS, Sarker A, Rahman MM. Prevalence of infectious diseases of broiler chickens in Gazipur district. Bangladesh J Vet Med. 2009;7:326-31. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v7i2.5999
- Rashid MH, Xue C, Islam MR, Islam MT, Cao Y. A longitudinal study on the incidence of mortality of infectious diseases of commercial layer birds in Bangladesh. Prev Vet Med. 2013;109:354-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.10.012
- Jawale CV, Chaudhari AA, Lee JH. Generation of a safety enhanced Salmonella Gallinarum ghost using antibiotic resistance free plasmid and its potential as an effective inactivated vaccine candidate against fowl typhoid. Vaccine. 2014;32:1093-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.053
- Mbuko IJ, Raji MA, Ameh J, Saidu L, Musa WI, Abdul PA. Prevalence and seasonality of fowl typhoid disease in Zaria-Kaduna State, Nigeria. J Bacteriol Res. 2009;1:001-5.
- Poole T, Sheffield C. Use and misuse of antimicrobial drugs in poultry and livestock: mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Pak Vet J. 2013;33:266-71.
- Raza MA, Javed MT, Fiaz M, Shakeel M, Haq MSU, Kanwal A, et al. Antibacterial effect of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles as substitute of antibiotics against fowl typhoid in broilers. Pak J Zool. 2022:1-9. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221017061044
- Oloso NO, Adeyemo IA, van Heerden H, Fasanmi OG, Fasina FO. Antimicrobial drug administration and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates originating from the broiler production value chain in Nigeria. Antibiotics. 2019;8:75. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8020075
- de Mesquita Souza Saraiva M, Lim K, do Monte DFM, Givisiez PEN, Alves LBR, de Freitas Neto OC, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in the globalized food chain: a One Health perspective applied to the poultry industry. Braz J Microbiol. 2022;53:465-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00635-8
- Mouttotou N, Ahmad S, Kamran Z, Koutoulis KC. Prevalence, risks and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in poultry production chain. In: Mares M, editor. Current topics in Salmonella and Salmonellosis. Rijeka: IntechOpen; 2017. p. 215-34.
- Threlfall EJ. Antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella: problems and perspectives in food-and water-borne infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2002;26:141-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00606.x
- White DG, Zhao S, Simjee S, Wagner DD, McDermott PF. Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens. Microbes Infect. 2002;4:405-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01554-X
- Naik AB, Selukar NB. Role of nanotechnology in medicine. Everyman's Sci. 2009;44:151-3.
- Azam A, Ahmed AS, Oves M, Khan MS, Habib SS, Memic A. Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a comparative study. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:6003-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S35347
- Hameed ASH, Karthikeyan C, Ahamed AP, Thajuddin N, Alharbi NS, Alharbi SA, et al. In vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO and Nd doped ZnO nanoparticles against ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep. 2016;6:24312. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24312
- Khan MI, Fatima N, Shakil M, Tahir MB, Riaz KN, Rafique M, et al. Investigation of in-vitro antibacterial and seed germination properties of green synthesized pure and nickel doped ZnO nanoparticles. Phys B Condens Matter. 2021;601:412563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2020.412563
- Mohamed AA, Abu-Elghait M, Ahmed NE, Salem SS. Eco-friendly mycogenic synthesis of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles for in vitro antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antifungal applications. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199:2788-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02369-4
- Kim T, Kim M, Lee J, Moturi J, Ha S, Tajudeen H, et al. Supplementation of nano-zinc in lower doses as an alternative to pharmacological doses of ZnO in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci Technol. 2022;64:70-83. https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2022.e2
- Slavin YN, Asnis J, Hafeli UO, Bach H. Metal nanoparticles: understanding the mechanisms behind antibacterial activity. J Nanobiotechnol. 2017;15:65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-017-0308-z
- Blecher K, Nasir A, Friedman A. The growing role of nanotechnology in combating infectious disease. Virulence. 2011;2:395-401. https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.2.5.17035
- Xie Y, He Y, Irwin PL, Jin T, Shi X. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011;77:2325-31. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02149-10
- Dadi R, Azouani R, Traore M, Mielcarek C, Kanaev A. Antibacterial activity of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles against gram positive and gram negative strains. Mater Sci Eng C. 2019;104:109968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.109968
- Lee J, Hosseindoust A, Kim M, Kim K, Kim T, Moturi J, et al. Effects of hot-melt extruded nano-copper on the Cu bioavailability and growth of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Technol. 2021;63:295-304. https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2021.e24
- Kim B, Jeong JY, Park SH, Jung H, Kim M. Effects of dietary copper sources and levels on growth performance, copper digestibility, fecal and serum mineral characteristics in growing pigs. J Anim Sci Technol. 2022;64:885-96. https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2022.e48
- Kim M, Cho JH, Seong PN, Jung H, Jeong JY, Kim S, et al. Fecal microbiome shifts by different forms of copper supplementations in growing pigs. J Anim Sci Technol. 2021;63:1386-96. https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2021.e118
- Phiwdang K, Suphankij S, Mekprasart W, Pecharapa W. Synthesis of CuO nanoparticles by precipitation method using different precursors. Energy Procedia. 2013;34:740-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.808
- Manyasree D, Kiran acid P, Venkata RK. Characterization and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by co precipitation method. Int J Appl Pharm. 2018;10:224-8. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i6.29376
- Zarnab S, Javed MT, Gul AHST, Mahmood MS. The chicken in-house environment can be improved by the use of nanotechnology. Park Vet J. 2022;42:526-32.
- Bancroft JD, Stevens A. Theory and practice of histological techniques. 4th ed. New York, London and Madrid: Churchill Livingstone; 1996.
- Swayne DE, Glisson JR, Jackwood MW, Pearson JE, Reed WM. A laboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens. 4th ed Kennett Square, PA: American Association of Avian Pathologists; 1998.
- Sarker N, Tsudzuki M, Nishibori M, Yasue H, Yamamoto Y. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity and phagocytic ability in chicken lines divergently selected for serum immunoglobulin M and G levels. Poult Sci. 2000;79:1705-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1705
- Corrier DE. Comparison of phytohemagglutinin-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in the interdigital skin of broiler and layer chicks. Avian Dis. 1990;34:369-73. https://doi.org/10.2307/1591421
- Benjamin MM. Outline of veterinary clinical pathology. 3rd ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press; 1978.
- Morsy EA, Hussien AM, Ibrahim MA, Farroh KY, Hassanen EI. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199:4731-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02595-4
- Al Shap NF, El-Sherbeny EME, El Masry DMA. The efficacy of metal nanocomposite (Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO) to ameliorate the toxic effects of ochratoxin in broilers. BMC Vet Res. 2022;18:312. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03400-7
- Shah SN, Kamil SA, Darzi MM, Mir MS, Bhat SA. Haematological and some biochemical changes in experimental fowl typhoid infection in broiler chickens. Comp Clin Pathol. 2013;22:83-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-011-1371-8
- Kumari D, Mishra SK, Lather D. Pathomicrobial studies on Salmonella Gallinarum infection in broiler chickens. Vet World. 2013;6:725-9. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2013.725-729
- Chiroma MA, Adamu S, Gadzama JJ, Esievo KAN, Abdulsalam H, Balami AG, et al. Some plasma biochemical changes in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum. Afr J Cell Pathol. 2017;9:66-72. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJCPath2018.0010
- Chen C, Li J, Zhang H, Xie Y, Xiong L, Liu H, et al. Effects of a probiotic on the growth performance, intestinal flora, and immune function of chicks infected with Salmonella pullorum. Poult Sci. 2020;99:5316-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.017
- Al-Saeedi MKI, Dakhil HH, Al-Khafaji FRA. Effect of adding silver nanoparticles with drinking water on some lymphatic organs and microflora in the intestinal for broiler chickens (ROSS 308). IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;722:012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/722/1/012004
- Fathi M. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles supplementation on mortality due to ascites and performance growth in broiler chickens. Iran J Appl Anim Sci. 2016;6:389-94.
- Rezaei A, Farzinpour A, Vaziry A, Jalili A. Effects of silver nanoparticles on hematological parameters and hepatorenal functions in laying japanese Quails. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018;185:475-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1267-4
- Deshmukh S, Asrani RK, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Bermudez AJ, Gupta VK. Pathologic changes in extrahepatic organs and agglutinin response to Salmonella Gallinarum infection in Japanese quail fed Fusarium verticillioides culture material containing known levels of fumonisin B1. Avian Dis. 2007;51:705-12. https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[705:PCIEOA]2.0.CO;2
- Prasanna K, Paliwal OP, Kumar R, Tripathi BN. Immunocytochemical detection of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum in experimentally infected chickens. Indian J Anim Sci. 2002;72:113-6.
- Assoku RKG, Penhale WJ. The anaemia in fowl typhoid: immuno-pathogenesis and associated patterns of erythrocyte destruction. J Comp Pathol. 1978;88:219-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(78)90026-9
- Samanta B, Ghosh PR, Biswas A, Das SK. The effects of copper supplementation on the performance and hematological parameters of broiler chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2011;24:1001-6. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10394
- Sharma DC, Kochar B, Bhardwaj A, Riyat M, Sharma P. Effect of ingestion of copper bhasm on red cell indices, iron parameters and essential elements in chicks. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2009;24:245-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-009-0046-6
- Kokosharov T. Changes in the white blood cells and specific phagocytosis in chicken with experimental acute fowl typhoid. Vet Arhiv. 1998;68:33-8.
- Khabbazi M, Harsij M, Akbar Hedayati SA, Gholipoor H, Gerami MH, Farsani HG. Effect of CuO nanoparticles on some hematological indices of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and their potential toxicity. Nanomed J. 2015;2:67-73.
- Lavoignet CE, Le Borgne P, Chabrier S, Bidoire J, Slimani H, Chevrolet-Lavoignet J, et al. White blood cell count and eosinopenia as valuable tools for the diagnosis of bacterial infections in the ED. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;38:1523-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03583-2
- Mroczek-Sosnowska N, Batorska M, Lukasiewicz M, Wnuk A, Sawosz E, Jaworski S, et al. Effect of nanoparticles of copper and copper sulfate administered in ovo on hematological and biochemical blood markers of broiler chickens. Ann Wars Univ Life Sci SGGW Anim Sci. 2013;52:141-9.
- Sharma P, Pande VV, Moyle TS, McWhorter AR, Chousalkar KK. Correlating bacterial shedding with fecal corticosterone levels and serological responses from layer hens experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Vet Res. 2017;48:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0414-9
- Sirirat N, Lu JJ, Hung ATY, Chen SY, Lien TF. Effects different levels of nanoparticles chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance, mineral retention, and immune responses in broiler chickens. J Agric Sci. 2012;4:48-58. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v5n2p150
- Yugandhar P, Vasavi T, Jayavardhana Rao Y, Uma Maheswari Devi P, Narasimha G, Savithramma N. Cost effective, green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using fruit extract of Syzygium alternifolium (Wt.) Walp., characterization and evaluation of antiviral activity. J Clust Sci. 2018;29:743-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-018-1395-1
- Swart E, Dvorak J, Hernadi S, Goodall T, Kille P, Spurgeon D, et al. The effects of in vivo exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles on the gut microbiome, host immunity, and susceptibility to a bacterial infection in earthworms. Nanomaterials. 2020;10:1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071337
- Khajeh Bami M, Afsharmanesh M, Salarmoini M, Tavakoli H. Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Bacillus coagulans as probiotic on growth, histomorphology of intestine, and immune parameters in broiler chickens. Comp Clin Pathol. 2018;27:399-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-017-2605-1
- Najafi-Hajivar S, Zakeri-Milani P, Mohammadi H, Niazi M, Soleymani-Goloujeh M, Baradaran B, et al. Overview on experimental models of interactions between nanoparticles and the immune system. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;83:1365-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.060
- Ricciotti E, FitzGerald GA. Prostaglandins and inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;31:986-1000. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207449
- Akter T, Nooruzzaman M, Belal SMSH, Ahammed M, Uddin AJ, Parvin R, et al. Fowl typhoid live lyophilized vaccine applied at 3-month intervals protected layer chickens from Salmonella gallinarum infection and prevented cloacal shedding. J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2022;9:301-9. https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i597
- Hosen J, Rahman M, Alam J, Das Z, Khan M, Haider M. Pathology of fowl typhoid and molecular detection of its pathogen. Ann Bangladesh Agric. 2019;23:49-60. https://doi.org/10.3329/aba.v23i2.50057
- Alam J, Chakma T, Islam MS, Islam MT, Khan MAHNA, Islam MT, et al. Pathology of fowl paratyphoid and molecular detection of its pathogen in layer chickens. Ann Bangladesh Agric. 2020;24:47-57. https://doi.org/10.3329/aba.v24i2.55783
- Gupta S, Jindal N, Khokhar RS, Asrani RK, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE. Individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A and Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum infection on pathological changes in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 2008;37:265-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450802043759