DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Does Live Streaming Allure the Unrestrained Buying Behavior?

  • Satinder Kumar (School of Management Studies, Punjabi University) ;
  • Garima Kathuria (School of Management Studies, Punjabi University) ;
  • Mansi Rani (School of Management Studies, Punjabi University)
  • Received : 2023.09.25
  • Accepted : 2024.01.29
  • Published : 2024.06.30

Abstract

E-commerce has grown to be perceived as an integral component of modern customers' lives. Fast innovation enables businesses to implement new business ideas that enhance customers' shopping experiences. The motive is to study the allurement of unrestrained buying behaviors resulting from Live Streaming Commerce in the presence of Emotional imagery. The conceptual model and hypotheses for the study have been framed based on the SOR model. A survey was conducted in north India, where data was collected from 577 consumers experiencing live streaming and analyzed with the help of AMOS and SPSS software. The repulsive behavior scale has been developed by using qualitative research. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between the stimulus of livestreaming and unrestrained buying behaviors with the mediating role of emotional imagination. Two crucial mediating factors, pleasure, and arousal (fervent imagination), have successfully predicted experiential shopping behavior. The study has implications for online marketers and policymakers, as marketers can use our developed model to understand consumers' different buying behaviors, and policymakers can select and design specific features for the social presence of live streaming. Integrating three different types of unrestrained buying behavior influenced by live streaming would add to the literature. The study adds value to the literature by developing a scale to measure repulsive behavior after testing and validating with experts.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbey, J. D., Meloy, M. G., Blackburn, J., and Guide Jr, V. D. R. (2015). Consumer markets for remanufactured and refurbished products. California Management Review, 57(4), 26-42. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.4.26 
  2. Akram, U., Fulop, M. T., Tiron-Tudor, A., Topor, D. I., and Capusneanu, S. (2021). Impact of digitalization on customers' well-being in the pandemic period: Challenges and opportunities for the retail industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147533 
  3. Alalwan, A. A., Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., and Algharabat, R. (2017). Social media in marketing: A review and analysis of the existing literature. Telematics and Informatics, 34(7), 1177-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.05.008 
  4. Arnold, M. J., and Reynolds, K. E. (2003). Hedonic shopping motivations. Journal of Retailing, 79(2), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(03)00007-1 
  5. Baker, J., Levy, M., and Grewal, D. (1992). An experimental approach to making retail store environmental decisions. Journal of Retailing, 68(4), 445. 
  6. Barclay, D., Higgins, C., and Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Studies, 2, 285-309. 
  7. Berscheid, E., and Hatfield, E. (1969). Interpersonal Attraction. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. 
  8. Bighiu, G., Manolica, A., and Roman, C. T. (2015). Compulsive buying behavior on the internet. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00049-0 
  9. Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Rebetez, M. M. L., and Van der Linden, M. (2008). Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior?. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(6), 1432-1442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.011 
  10. Blijlevens, J., Carbon, C. C., Mugge, R., and Schoormans, J. P. (2012). Aesthetic appraisal of product designs: Independent effects of typicality and arousal. British Journal of Psychology, 103(1), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02038.x 
  11. Bloch, P. H. (1995). Seeking the ideal form: Product design and consumer response. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900302 
  12. Bues, M., Steiner, M., Stafflage, M., and Krafft, M. (2017). How mobile in-store advertising influences purchase intention: Value drivers and mediating effects from a consumer perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 34(2), 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20981 
  13. Cai, J., and Wohn, D. Y. (2019). Live streaming commerce: Uses and gratifications approach to understanding consumers' motivations. In Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2548-2557). 
  14. Cai, J., Wohn, D. Y., Mittal, A., and Sureshbabu, D. (2018). Utilitarian and hedonic motivations for live streaming shopping. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM international conference on interactive experiences for TV and online video (pp. 81-88). https://doi.org/10.1145/3210825.3210837 
  15. Cangelosi, V. E., and Dill, W. R. (1965). Organizational learning: Observations toward a theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 10(2), 175-203. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391412 
  16. Chan, T. K., Cheung, C. M., and Lee, Z. W. (2017). The state of online impulse-buying research: A literature analysis. Information & Management, 54(2), 204-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.06.001 
  17. Chang, H. H., and Chen, S. W. (2008). The impact of online store environment cues on purchase intention: Trust and perceived risk as a mediator. Online Information Review, 32(6), 818-841. https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520810923953 
  18. Chang, Y. K., Chi, L., Etnier, J. L., Wang, C. C., Chu, C. H., and Zhou, C. (2014). Effect of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive performance: Role of cardiovascular fitness. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(5), 464-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.04.007 
  19. Chen, E. (2017). How does Facebook Live that melds with shopping work in Taiwan? Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@edisonchen/how-doesfacebook-live-that-melds-with-shopping-work-in-taiwan-9930c6af93e0 
  20. Choi, B., and Kang, S. H. (2023). Measuring hotel service quality using social media analytics: The moderating effects of brand of origin. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 33(3), 677-701. https://doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2023.33.3.677 
  21. Coresight. (2023). Why Live Shopping Is a Growing Trend for 2023, Retrieved from https://coresight.com/press/25-billion-in-us-by-2023-and-stores-might-lead-it-there/ 
  22. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555 
  23. Darrat, A. A., Darrat, M. A., and Amyx, D. (2016). How impulse buying influences compulsive buying: The central role of consumer anxiety and escapism. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 31, 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.03.009 
  24. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., and Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x 
  25. Delucchi, M., and Pelowski, S. (2000). Liking or learning? The effect of instructor likeability and student perceptions of learning on overall ratings of teaching ability. Radical Pedagogy, 2(2), 2-13. 
  26. Deng, L., and Poole, M. S. (2012). Aesthetic design of e-commerce web pages-Webpage complexity, order and preference. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 11(4), 420-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2012.06.004 
  27. Eroglu, S. A., Machleit, K. A., and Davis, L. M. (2003). Empirical testing of a model of online store atmospherics and shopper responses. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10064 
  28. Flight, R. L., Rountree, M. M., and Beatty, S. E. (2012). Feeling the urge: Affect in impulsive and compulsive buying. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(4), 453-466. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679200407 
  29. Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104 
  30. Foster, C. A., Witcher, B. S., Campbell, W. K., and Green, J. D. (1998). Arousal and attraction: Evidence for automatic and controlled processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 86. 
  31. Frederick, S., and Lee, L. (2008). Attraction, repulsion, and attribute representation. ACR North American Advances, 35, 122-124. 
  32. Gao, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., and Li, J. (2018). How does presence influence purchase intention in online shopping markets? An explanation based on self-determination theory. Behaviour and Information Technology, 37(8), 786-799. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1484514 
  33. GuoZhaoyang. (2009). A study on compulsive buying tendency of teenagers in China - Based on the perspective of customer socialization. Economic Management, (5), 95-102. 
  34. Haidt, J. (2000). The Positive Emotion of Elevation. Prevention & Treatment. 
  35. Hair, J. F. A. (1995). Multivariate Data Analisys with Readings. Prentice Hall. 
  36. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: International Version. [Google Scholar]. New Jersey: Pearson Education. 
  37. Halik, A., and Nugroho, M. (2022). The role of consumer pleasure moderating the effect of content marketing and price discount on online shopping decision and loyalty of generation Z. Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 37(1), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v27i01.2259 
  38. Hao, J. X., Tang, R., Yu, Y., Li, N., and Law, R. (2015). Visual appeal of hotel websites: An exploratory eye tracking study on Chinese generation Y. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (pp. 607-620). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_44 
  39. Hashmi, H. B. A., Shu, C., and Haider, S. W. (2020). Moderating effect of hedonism on store environment-impulse buying nexus. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(5), 465-483. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-09-2019-0312 
  40. Hassanein, K., and Head, M. (2005). The impact of infusing social presence in the web interface: An investigation across product types. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 10(2), 31-55. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415100202 
  41. Hossain, M. S., Rahman, M. F., and Zhou, X. (2021). Impact of customers' interpersonal interactions in social commerce on customer relationship management performance. Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science, 4(1), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415100202 
  42. Hu, L. T., and Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 
  43. Hu, M., Zhang, M., and Wang, Y. (2017). Why do audiences choose to keep watching on live video streaming platforms? An explanation of dual identification framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 594-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.006 
  44. Hu, M., and Chaudhry, S. S. (2020). Enhancing consumer engagement in e-commerce live streaming via relational bonds. Internet Res. Electron. Netw. Appl. Policy, 30, 1019-1041. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-03-2019-0082 
  45. Huang, Y., and Suo, L. (2021). Factors affecting Chinese consumers' impulse buying decision of live streaming E-commerce. Asian Social Science, 17(5), 16-32. 
  46. IJsselsteijn, W. A., De Ridder, H., Freeman, J., and Avons, S. E. (2000). Presence: Concept, determinants, and measurement. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging, 3959, 520-529. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.387188 
  47. Jacoby, J. (2002), Stimulus-organism-response reconsidered: an evolutionary step in modeling (consumer) behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1201_05 
  48. Ju, J., and Ahn, J. H. (2016). The effect of social and ambient factors on impulse purchasing behavior in social commerce. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 26(4), 285-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2016.1228353 
  49. Kacen, J. J., and Lee, J. A. (2002). The influence of culture on consumer impulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(2), 163-176. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1202_08 
  50. Kang, B., Cho, C., and Baek, J. (2007). The effects of service quality on customer satisfaction in case of dissatisfied customers. Asian Journal on Quality, 8(1), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/15982688200700003 
  51. Kang, K., Lu, J., Guo, L., and Li, W. (2021). The dynamic effect of interactivity on customer engagement behavior through tie strength: Evidence from live streaming commerce platforms. International Journal of Information Management, 56, 102251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102251 
  52. Kennedy, J., and Holcombe-James, I. (2022). "It's almost impossible to buy a dumb TV" Experiences of automated decision-making and smart technologies in low-income homes. Telematics and Informatics, 68, 101767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101767 
  53. Khan, N., Hui, L. H., Chen, T. B., and Hoe, H. Y. (2016). Impulse buying behaviour of generation Y in fashion retail. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n1p144 
  54. Kim, J. W., Choi, J., Qualls, W., and Han, K. (2008). It takes a marketplace community to raise brand commitment: The role of online communities. Journal of Marketing Management, 24(3-4), 409-431. 
  55. Kim, J., Lee, J., and Choi, D. (2003). Designing emotionally evocative homepages: An empirical study of the quantitative relations between design factors and emotional dimensions. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(6), 899-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.06.002 
  56. Kivetz, R., and Zheng, Y. (2017). The effects of promotions on hedonic versus utilitarian purchases. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 27, 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2016.05.005 
  57. Koufaris, M. (2002), Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205-223. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.2.205.83 
  58. Kraus, S., Cane, M., and Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2022). Does doing good do well? An investigation into the relationship between consumer buying behavior and CSR. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 35(1), 584-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1970605 
  59. Kuang, Y. (2023). Analysis of Channel Marketing of "Gree Dongmingzhu Store" Based on Stepps Model. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management, 5, 305-311. https://doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v5i.5096 
  60. Kumar, S. (2017). An Empirical Analysis of Repulsive Buying Behaviour. ADHYAYAN: A Journal of Management Sciences, 7(2), 18-29. 
  61. Kumar, S., and Sharma, R. R. (2017). Repulsive buying behaviour: A perceptual study. Srusti Management Review, 10(2), 1-9. 
  62. Lee, C. H., and Chen, C. W. (2021). Impulse buying behaviors in live streaming commerce based on the stimulus-organism-response framework. Information, 12(6), 241. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060241 
  63. Lee, C. H., Lee, H. N., and Choi, J. I. (2023). The influence of characteristics of mobile live commerce on purchase intention. Sustainability, 15(7), 5757. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075757 
  64. Lee, S., Ha, S., and Widdows, R. (2011). Consumer responses to high-technology products: Product attributes, cognition, and emotions. Journal of Business Research, 64(11), 1195-1200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.06.022 
  65. Lejoyeux, M., and Weinstein, A. (2010). Compulsive buying. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 248-253. https://doi.org/10.3109/0095 2990.2010.493590 
  66. Li, M., Wang, Q., and Cao, Y. (2022). Understanding consumer online impulse buying in live streaming e-commerce: A stimulus-organism-response framework. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 4378. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074378 
  67. Liao, S. H., Widowati, R., and Puttong, P. (2022). Data mining analytics investigate Facebook Live stream users' behaviors and business models: The evidence from Thailand. Entertainment Computing, 41, 100478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2022.100478 
  68. Lim, W. M. (2017). Untangling the relationships between consumer characteristics, shopping values, and behavioral intention in online group buying. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(7), 547-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2016.1148767 
  69. Lin, Y. T., Osman, S., Cheng, K. W., Sam, T. H., Ruiteng, X., and Rajanthran, S. K. (2023). Factors influencing live-stream shopping behaviour among Malaysian consumers. Resmilitaris, 13(2), 1548-1568. 
  70. Lin, Y., Yao, D., and Chen, X. (2021). Happiness begets money: Emotion and engagement in live streaming. Journal of Marketing Research, 58(3), 417-438. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437211002477 
  71. Liu, B., Song, M., Yang, G., Cheng, S., and Li, M. (2020). RETRACTED: Stimulus organism response model based analysis on consumers' online impulse buying behavior. The International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education, 60(1), 00207 2092094058. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720920940585 
  72. Liu, L. (2022). Factors affecting consumers' purchasing behaviours in live streaming e-commerce: A review. In 2022 2nd International Conference on Economic Development and Business Culture (ICEDBC 2022) (pp. 508-515). Atlantis Press. 
  73. Liu, Y., Luo, X., and Cao, Y. (2018), Investigating the influence of online interpersonal interaction on purchase intention based on stimulus-organismreaction model. Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences, 8(1), 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-018-0159-0 
  74. Liu, Z. Z. (2016). Study on the influence of price promotion on consumers' impulsive purchasing behavior. Dissertation. Liaoning: Liaoning University. 
  75. Lo, L. Y. S., Lin, S. W., and Hsu, L. Y. (2016). Motivation for online impulse buying: A two-factor theory perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 36(5), 759-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.04.012 
  76. Lombard, M., and Ditton, T. (1997). At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, 3(2), JCMC321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x 
  77. Lu, B., and Chen, Z. (2021). Live streaming commerce and consumers' purchase intention: An uncertainty reduction perspective. Information & Management, 58(7), 103509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103509 
  78. Luo, H., Cheng, S., Zhou, W., Yu, S., and Lin, X. (2021). A study on the impact of linguistic persuasive styles on the sales volume of live streaming products in social e-commerce environment. Mathematics, 9(13), 1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9131576 
  79. Mathwick, C., Malhotra, N., and Rigdon, E. (2001). Experiential value: Conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and Internet shopping environment☆. Journal of Retailing, 77(1), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(00)00045-2 
  80. Maxwell, S., and Maxwell, N. (2001). Channel reference prices: The potentially damaging effects of napster. In Proceedings of the 2001 Fordham University Behavioral Pricing Conference 32 (pp. 104-110). 
  81. McLaughlin, C., and Wohn, D. Y. (2021). Predictors of parasocial interaction and relationships in live streaming. Convergence, 27(6), 1714-1734. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211027807 
  82. Mehrabian, A., and Russell, J. A. (1974). An Approach to Environmental Psychology. The MIT Press. 
  83. Menon, S., and Kahn, B. (2002). Cross-category effects of induced arousal and pleasure on the Internet shopping experience. Journal of Retailing, 78(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(01)00064-1 
  84. Metiu, A., and Rothbard, N. P. (2013). Task bubbles, artifacts, shared emotion, and mutual focus of attention: A comparative study of the microprocesses of group engagement. Organization Science, 24(2), 455-475. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0738 
  85. Min, Y., and Tan, C. C. (2022). Research and application of compulsive buying behaviors of consumers in e-commerce livestreaming on big data. Human-Centric Intelligent Systems, 2, 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44230-022-00010-2 
  86. Ming, J., Jianqiu, Z., Bilal, M., Akram, U., and Fan, M. (2021). How social presence influences impulse buying behavior in live streaming commerce? The role of SOR theory. International Journal of Web Information Systems, 17(4), 300-320. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWIS-02-2021-0012 
  87. Morash, M., Kwak, D. H., Hoffman, V., Lee, C. H., Cho, S. H., and Moon, B. (2008). Stressors, coping resources and strategies, and police stress in South Korea. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(3), 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.04.010 
  88. Ning Shen, K., and Khalifa, M. (2012). System design effects on online impulse buying. Internet Research, 22(4), 396-425. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241211250962 
  89. O'Guinn, T. C., and Faber, R. J. (1989). Compulsive buying: A phenomenological exploration. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.1086/209204 
  90. Ou, C. X., Pavlou, P. A., and Davison, R. M. (2014). Swift guanxi in online marketplaces: The role of computer-mediated communication technologies. MIS Quarterly, 38(1), 209-230. 
  91. Rajagopal, D. (2008). Point of sales promotions and buying stimulation in retail stores. Available at SSRN 1261570. 
  92. Rajagopal. (2007). Influence of brand name in variety seeking behaviour of consumers: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Management Practice, 2(4), 306-323. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMP.2007.012748 
  93. Ramachander, S. (1988). Consumer behaviour and marketing: towards an Indian approach?. Economic and Political Weekly, M22-M25. 
  94. Reber, R., Schwarz, N., and Winkielman, P. (2004). Processing fluency and aesthetic pleasure: Is beauty in the perceiver's processing experience?. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(4), 364-382. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_3 
  95. Reysen, S. (2005). Construction of a new scale: The Reysen likability scale. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 33(2), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.2.201 
  96. Ridgway, N. M., Kukar-Kinney, M., and Monroe, K. B. (2008). An expanded conceptualization and a new measure of compulsive buying. Journal of consumer Research, 35(4), 622-639. https://doi.org/10.1086/591108 
  97. Rook, D. W., and Fisher, R. J. (1995). Normative influences on impulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(3), 305-313. https://doi.org/10.1086/209452 
  98. Ryu, S., and Ryu, S. (2021). Feeling excited and fluent: how consumers respond to the visual appeals of products in an online shopping environment. Behaviour & Information Technology, 40(11), 1219-1233. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1942989 
  99. Schachter, S., and Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69(5), 379. 
  100. Sherman, E., Mathur, A., and Smith, R. B. (1997). Store environment and consumer purchase behavior: Mediating role of consumer emotions. Psychology and Marketing, 14(4), 361-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199707)14:4%3C361::AID-MAR4%3E3.0.CO;2-7 
  101. Srivastava, A., Ray, A., Ray, A., Bala, P. K., Dasgupta, S. A., and Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). "Does Emotional Intelligence Impact Technology Adoption?": A study on Adoption of Augmented Reality. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 33(3), 624-651. https://doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2023.33.3.624 
  102. Statista. (2023). Reasons for using live commerce in India as of January 2023, Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1377387/indialive-commerce-usage/ 
  103. Sun, Y., Shao, X., Li, X., Guo, Y., and Nie, K. (2019). How live streaming influences purchase intentions in social commerce: An IT affordance perspective. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 37, 100886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2019.100886 
  104. Swirl. (2023). Live Shopping Trends To Expect In 2023 For The eCommerce World, Retrieved from https://www.goswirl.live/blogs/live-shoppingtrends-to-expect-in-2023-for-the-ecommerce-world 
  105. Tarka, P. (2020). Influence of materialism on compulsive buying behavior: General similarities and differences related to studies on young adult consumers in Poland and US. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 32(3), 243-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2019.1695240 
  106. Tewari, S. (2022) Storyboard18 - Live commerce and the rise of shopatainment, Retrieved from https://www.forbesindia.com/article/storyboard18/storyboard18-live-commerce-and-the-rise-of-shopatainment/73169/1 
  107. Ullman, L. (2006). MySQL: Visual quickstart guide. Peachpit Press. 
  108. Walther, J. B., Carr, C. T., and Choi, S. S. W. (2010). Interaction of interpersonal, peer, and media influence sources online: A research agenda for technology convergence. In A Networked Self (pp. 25-46). Routledge. 
  109. Wang, L. C., Baker, J., Wagner, J. A., and Wakefield, K. (2007). Can a retail web site be social?. Journal of Marketing, 71(3), 143-157. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.3.143 
  110. Watkins, M., and Bond, C. (2007). Ways of experiencing leisure. Leisure Sciences, 29(3), 287-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400701259985 
  111. Weinberg, P., and Gottwald, W. (1982). Impulsive consumer buying as a result of emotions. Journal of Business Research, 10(1), 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(82)90016-9 
  112. Wohn, D. Y., Freeman, G., and McLaughlin, C. (2018). Explaining viewers' emotional, instrumental, and financial support provision for live streamers. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-13). https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174048 
  113. Wongkitrungrueng, A., Dehouche, N., and Assarut, N. (2020). Live streaming commerce from the sellers' perspective: implications for online relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(5-6), 488-518. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1748895 
  114. Woodworth, R. S. (1929). Psychology (2nd Rev.). Oxford, Holt. 
  115. Wu, Y. L., and Li, E. Y. (2018). Marketing mix, customer value, and customer loyalty in social commerce: A stimulus-organism-response perspective. Internet Research, 28(1), https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR08-2016-0250. 
  116. Xu, X., Wu, J. H., and Li, Q. (2020). What drives consumer shopping behavior in live streaming commerce?. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 21(3), 144-167. 
  117. Yanev, V. (2023). 37+ Live Streaming Statistics Marketers should know in 2023, Retrieved from https://techjury.net/blog/ live-streaming-statistics/ 
  118. Yang, K., Kim, H. M., and Zimmerman, J. (2020). Emotional branding on fashion brand websites: Harnessing the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) model. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 24(4), 555-570. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-03-2019-0055 
  119. Yoon, G., Li, C., Ji, Y., North, M., Hong, C., and Liu, J. (2018). Attracting comments: Digital engagement metrics on Facebook and financial performance. Journal of Advertising, 47(1), 24-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.1405753 
  120. Zhao, H. X., Wang, X. H., and Zhou, B. G. (2015). Research on online interaction and Telepathy and Consumer Trust in B2C online shopping. Journal of Management Review, 27, 43-54. 
  121. Zhu, B., Kowatthanakul, S., and Satanasavapak, P. (2020). Generation Y consumer online repurchase intention in Bangkok: Based on Stimulus- Organism-Response (SOR) model. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-04-2018-0071