Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The Effect of Entrepreneurial Competencies on Firm Performance of Necessity Entrepreneurship in Korea

생계형 창업의 창업가 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향

  • Chang Bong Kim (College of Business Administration, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Joon Soo Kim (The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2024.05.10
  • Accepted : 2024.06.17
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

This study investigates how entrepreneurial competencies affect firm outcomes for necessity entrepreneurship in Korea. Based on a survey collected from 162 necessity entrepreneurs, this study conducted multiple regression analysis. The statistical results show that founder entrepreneurial competencies, such as risk-taking, tend to be associated with positive outcomes financially as well as non-financially, which suggests that the existing propositions of previous research on the relationship between risk-taking and firm performance can be applied to necessity entrepreneurship as well. Additionally, founder opportunity competencies and resilience increase the likelihood of better financial performance in necessity entrepreneurship compared to others, whereas their effect on non-financial performance is not statistically significant. This indicates that necessity entrepreneurs are likely to focus more on financial performance to survive than on non-financial performance, particularly concerning variables related to sustainability such as the environment and society. The findings of this study contribute to knowledge concerning the role of necessity entrepreneurs' competencies in the performance of their companies.

본 연구는 생계형 창업가를 대상으로 창업가 역량에 다차원적 개념을 적용하여 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 실증함으로써 생계형 창업의 창업 생존율을 높일 수 있는 창업지원 정책 및 창업교육 개발의 근거를 도출하고자 한다. 생계형 창업가는 창업 이전 미취업 상태에서 생계를 목적으로 창업한 개인으로 정의된다. 생계형 창업가를 판별할 수 있는 문항을 포함한 설문지를 배포하여 223부의 설문지를 수집하였고, 생계형 창업가의 응답으로 분류된 162부의 설문지를 바탕으로 연구결과를 도출하였다. 실증분석 결과, 생계형 창업가의 위험감수성은 기업의 재무적 성과 뿐 아니라 비재무적 성과에 정(+)의 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 기회인식 역량과 회복탄력성은 재무적 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으나 비재무적 성과에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.본 연구는 그간 연구가 미진했던 생계형 창업가를 대상으로 창업가 역량과 기업성과간의 관계를 실증하였다는 점에서 연구의의를 가진다. 또한 역량 빙산모델 관점에서 창업가 역량 요인을 구분하여 내면적 역량에 주안점을 두고, 문헌연구를 통해 도출된 요인을 최종적으로 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 검증했다. 특히, 개인 차원에서의 회복탄력성을 창업가 역량의 구성요소로 포함하며, 창업가 역량을 더욱 다양한 각도에서 분석하려는 시도하였다는 점에서 연구의의를 가진다.

Keywords

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