Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회지)

The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회)
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The Effects of COVID-19 on Public Transportation Demand: The Case of Busan Metropolitan City

코로나19의 확산이 대중교통 수요변화에 미치는 영향요인 분석 - 부산광역시를 중심으로 -

  • Received : 2023.07.14
  • Accepted : 2023.08.08
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

COVID-19 has caused the dramatic reduction of public transportation demand in Busan Metropolitan City, that is, daily public transportation trips in 2020 dropped by approximately 920,000 trips from 2019 based on the public transportation card data. This study investigated the underlying factors affecting the public transportation demand discrepancy between before and after COVID-19 at the primary administration unit(i.e., Eup, Myeon, Dong) level with Ordered Logistic Regression model. Finding of this study is as follows. The primary administration units characterized with high ratio of welfare recipients, industrial area, and day boarders were heavily dependent on public transit, indicating little change in public transportation demand. On the other hands, the primary administration units which have high ratio of urban rail transit uses experienced significant reduction of public transportation demand. In conclusion, transportation policies taken under emergent situation such as COVID-19 need to take into account the region-based characteristics rather than unilateral ones.

코로나19의 확산으로 도심의 대량 수송을 책임지는 대중교통 수요가 급격하게 감소하였다. 본 연구에서 코로나19 확산 전 2019년과 확산이 시작된 2020년의 부산광역시 대중교통 카드 데이터를 빅데이터 분석한 결과, 일 평균 92만 통행이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 개별 정류장 단위로 조사한 코로나19 확산 전후의 대중교통 통행량을 읍면동 단위로 통합한 후, 읍면동 단위의 대중교통 통행량 증감 비율을 종속변수로 하고 읍면동의 다양한 특성을 독립변수로 하는 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 대중교통 411수요변화에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 기초생활수급자의 비율, 공업지의 면적 비율, 그리고 등교 통행 비율이 높은 읍면동은 코로나19의 확산에도 불구하고 대중교통에 대한 의존도가 높아 대중교통의 수요변화가 크게 나타나지 않았지만, 철도수단 분담률이 높은 읍면동은 코로나19 확산에 따라 대중교통 이용자 수가 큰 폭으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 코로나19와 같은 응급 상황에 효율적으로 대응하기 위해서는 획일적인 교통정책보다는 지역의 특성을 고려한 차별적인 교통정책의 수립과 집행이 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 부산광역시 대중교통 시민기금의 연구비를 지원받아 수행한 과제입니다.

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