Korean Circulation Journal

The Korean Society of Cardiology (대한심장학회)
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Trends and Outcomes of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

  • Harshith Thyagaturu (Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine) ;
  • Nicholas Roma (Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke's University Health Network) ;
  • Aakash Angirekula (University of Texas at Austin) ;
  • Sittinun Thangjui (Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Healthcare Network) ;
  • Alex Bolton (University of Iowa College of Public Health) ;
  • Karthik Gonuguntla (Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yasar Sattar (Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine) ;
  • Muchi Ditah Chobufo (Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine) ;
  • Abhiram Challa (Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine) ;
  • Neel Patel (Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Landmark Medical Center) ;
  • Gayatri Bondi (Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center) ;
  • Sameer Raina (Department of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2023.03.13
  • Accepted : 2023.07.18
  • Published : 2023.12.01
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Abstract

Background and Objectives: There is limited data on the impact of type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from January 2019 to December 2020 was queried to identify T2MI hospitalizations based on the appropriate International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision-Clinical Modification codes. Monthly trends of COVID-19 and T2MI hospitalizations were evaluated using Joinpoint regression analysis. In addition, the multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis was used to compare inhospital mortality, coronary angiography use, and resource utilization between 2019 and 2020. Results: A total of 743,535 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of T2MI were identified in the years 2019 (n=331,180) and 2020 (n=412,355). There was an increasing trend in T2MI hospitalizations throughout the study period corresponding to the increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations in 2020. The adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality associated with T2MI hospitalizations were significantly higher in 2020 compared with 2019 (11.1% vs. 8.1%: adjusted odds ratio, 1.19 [1.13-1.26]; p<0.01). In addition, T2MI hospitalizations were associated with lower odds of coronary angiography and higher total hospitalization charges, with no difference in the length of stay in 2020 compared with 2019. Conclusions: We found a significant increase in T2MI hospitalizations with higher in-hospital mortality, total hospitalization costs, and lower coronary angiography use during the early COVID-19 pandemic corresponding to the trends in the rise of COVID-19 hospitalizations. Further research into the factors associated with increased mortality can increase our preparedness for future pandemics.

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