Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment (환경영향평가)

Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment (한국환경영향평가학회)
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Adaption of Phenological Eventsin Seoul Metropolitan and Suburbsto Climate Change

기후변화에 따른 수도권 생물계절 반응 변화에 관한 연구

  • Hyomin Park (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Minkyung Kim (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Sangdon Lee (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
  • 박효민 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김민경 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 이상돈 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2022.12.02
  • Accepted : 2023.02.02
  • Published : 2023.02.28
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Abstract

The rapid advance of technology has accelerated global warming. As 50.4 percent of South Korea's population is concentrated in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, which has become a considerable emitter of greenhouse gases, the city's average temperature is expected to increase more rapidly than in other areas in the country. A rise in the average temperature would affect everyday life and urban ecology; thus, appropriate measures to cope with the forthcoming disaster are in need. This study analyzed the changes in plant phenological phases from the past to the present based on temperatures (average temperature of Feb, Mar, April) observed in seven different weather stations nearthe Seoul Metropolitan Area (Ganghwa, Seoul, Suwon, Yangpyeong, Icheon, Incheon, and Paju) and the first flowering dates of Plum tree (Prunus mume), Korean forsythia (Forsythia koreana), Korean rosebay (Rhododendron mucronulatum), Cherry tree (Prunus serrulate), Peach tree (Prunus persica), and Pear tree (Pyrus serotina). Then, RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios were used to predict the future temperature in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and how it will affect plant phenological phases. Furthermore, the study examined the differences in the flowering dates depending on various strategies to mitigate greenhouse gases. The result showed that the rate of plant phenological change had been accelerated since the 1900s.If emission levels remain unchanged, plants will flower from 18 to 29 earlier than they do now in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, which would be faster than in other areas in the country. This is because the FFD (First Flowering Date), is highly related to temperature changes. The Seoul Metropolitan Area, which has been urbanized more rapidly than any other areas, is predicted to become a temperature warming, forcing the FFDs of the area to occur faster than in the rest of the country. Changes in phenology can lead to ecosystem disruption by causing mismatches in species interacting with each otherin an ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies against temperature warming and FFD change due to urbanization.

산업의 발달로 인해 지구의 온도는 계속해서 상승하고 있으며, 우리나라의 수도권은 인구의 50.4%가 밀집해 있다. 그러므로 다른 지역에 비해 온실가스의 배출량이 많고 이로 인한 도시의 온도 상승이 높을 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 도시의 온도 상승은 도시 생태계 및 인간의 생활에 영향을 미치므로 이에 대한 대책 수립이 필요하다. 그러므로 본 연구는 수도권 7개 관측소(강화, 서울, 수원, 양평, 이천, 인천, 파주)에서 관측된 2-4월 평균온도와 매화(Prunus mume), 개나리(Forsythia koreana), 진달래(Rhododendron mucronulatum), 벚나무(Prunus serrulate), 복숭아(P. persica), 배나무(Pyrus serotina)의 개화일을 이용하여 과거부터 현재까지 도시화로 인한 식물계절의 변화를 분석하였다. 그리고 두개의 극단적인 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathways) 시나리오인 RCP 2.6 및 RCP 8.5 시나리오를 이용하여 향후 수도권의 미래 기후를 예측하고 이에 따른 식물계절의 반응을 예측하여 온실가스 저감 정책의 차이에 따른 식물계절 개화 시기의 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과 1900년대부터 2019년까지 식물계절은 앞당겨지고 있으며, 지금과 같은 온실가스의 배출이 이뤄질 경우 수도권의 FFD (first flowering date)는 현재보다 18-29일 앞당겨지고, 이는 전국 평균 FFD보다 더 빨라지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 수도권의 FFD는 더 빠를 것으로 예상되는데, FFD는 온도변화와 상관관계 높기 때문이다. 식물계절의 변화는 생태계에서 서로 상호작용하는 종들의 먹이사슬의 불일치를 야기하여 생태계의 파괴로 이어질 수 있다. 그러므로 도시화로 인한 온도 증가와 이로 인해 발생하는 FFD 변화에 대한 대책 마련이 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 한국연구재단(KRF-2021R1A2C1011213), 서울녹색환경지원센터(SGEC-2022) 및 한국환경산업기술원(MOE-2021003360002, 2020002990006, and 2022003640003)의 지원으로 연구되었습니다.

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