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소프트 에러 발생 시 자동 복구하는 이중 코어 지연 락스텝 프로세서의 설계

Design of a Delayed Dual-Core Lock-Step Processor with Automatic Recovery in Soft Errors

  • Juho Kim (School of Electronic Engineering and Department of Intelligent Semiconductor, Soongsil University) ;
  • Seonghyun Yang (School of Electronic Engineering and Department of Intelligent Semiconductor, Soongsil University) ;
  • Seongsoo Lee (School of Electronic Engineering and Department of Intelligent Semiconductor, Soongsil University)
  • 투고 : 2023.12.11
  • 심사 : 2023.12.19
  • 발행 : 2023.12.31

초록

본 논문에서는 차량 전자 시스템에서 소프트 에러와 공통 고장에 대응하기 위해 두 개의 코어를 지연 동작시킨 후 그 결과를 비교하는 D-DCLS(Delayed Dual Core Lock-Step) 프로세서를 설계하였다. D-DCLS는 어느 코어에서 에러가 발생했는지 알 수 없기 때문에 각 코어를 에러가 발생하기 이전 시점으로 되돌려야 하는데 파이프라인 스테이지 상의 모든 중간 계산값을 되돌리기 위해서는 복잡한 하드웨어 수정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이를 쉽게 구현하기 위해 분기 명령어가 실행될 때마다 모든 레지스터 값을 버퍼에 저장해 두었다가 에러가 발생하면 저장된 레지스터 값을 복구한 후 'BX LR' 명령어를 수행하여 해당 분기 시점으로 자동 복구하도록 하였다. 제안하는 D-DCLS 프로세서를 Verilog HDL로 설계하여 에러가 감지되었을 때 자동으로 복구한 후 정상 동작하는 것을 확인하였다.

In this paper, we designed a Delayed Dual Core Lock-Step (D-DCLS) processor where two cores operate same instructions with delay and the result is compared to mitigate soft errors and common mode failures in automotive electronic systems. Because D-DCLS does not know which core an error occurred in, each core must be recovered to the point before the error occurred, but complex hardware modifications are required to return all intermediate values on the pipeline stage. In this paper, in order for easy hardware implementation, all register values are saved to a buffer whenever a branch instruction is executed. When an error is detected, the saved register values are automatically restored, and then 'BX LR' instruction is executed to return to the last branch point. The proposed D-DCLS processor was designed using Verilog HDL and was confirmed to continue normal operation after automatically recovering error.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by the R&D Program of the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) and Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT). (20023805, RS-2022-00155731, RS-2022-00232192)

참고문헌

  1. W. Lee, K. We, S. Kim, and C. Lee, "Simulator Structure for Lockstep ECU,", Proceedings of Korea Computer Congress, pp. 1508-1510, 2017.
  2. S. Yang, J. Choi, and S. Lee, "Design of Delayed Triple-Core Lock-Step Processor with Memory Rollback for Automotive Applications," J.inst.Korean.electr.elctron.eng., vol.26, no.4, pp.628-632, 2022.
  3. S. Yang, "Design of a triple-core, delay-locked loop system with memory rollback capability using ARM Cortex cores," Master Thesis, Soongsil University,
  4. S. Yang, J. Kim, and S. Lee, "Design of a Delayed Triple-Core Lock-Stop Processor with Auto-Recovery from Soft Errors," J.inst.Korean. electr.elctron.eng., vol.27, no.2, pp.165-171,
  5. K. Marcinek and W. Pleskacz, "Variable Delayed Dual-Core Lockstep (VDCLS) Processor for Safety and Security Applications," MDPI Electronics, vol.12, no.2, pp.464-481, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/electronics12020464
  6. ARM, "Cortex-M3 Devices Generic User Guide", https://developer.arm.com/documentation/dui0552/a/?lang=en