In Korea, the technical techniques for assessing visual impacts are standardized, but the methods for assessing the marine landscape itself are not standardized and need to be improved. In particular, in the landscape impact assessment of offshore wind power generation in Korea, it is necessary to recognize the landscape itself as a receptor and prepare a system that can evaluate the characteristics and sensitivity of the landscape. In this study, we propose an evaluation method for preparing a marine landscape quality assessment document that reflects the project characteristics of offshore wind power projects, and examine the possibility of utilization by applying it to actual project sites as an example. To evaluate the quality of marine scenery in offshore wind power projects, evaluation items of landscape characteristics, physical characteristics, and socio-cultural characteristics were evaluated based on the preliminary survey contents, and the quality of marine scenery was divided into five grades. Next, the evaluation criteria of the evaluation items were synthesized and the quality of the marine landscape was classified into preservation grade (grade 5), semi-preservation grade (grade 4), buffer grade (grade 3), semi-improvement grade (grade 2), and improvement grade (grade 1). In addition, the Sinan-Ui Offshore Wind Farm, an actual project site, was randomly selected to conduct the evaluation process and examine its utilization. This study aims to complement the existing method of visual impact assessment in offshore wind power projects and evaluate the quality of the marine landscape itself to effectively conserve marine landscape resources during offshore wind power projects. Rather than relying on mechanical and quantitative evaluation, this study is expected to be used as a basis for comprehensive understanding of the location and socio-cultural characteristics of the project site and for communication and cooperation with stakeholders.
국내의 경관영향평가는 시각적 영향을 평가하는 기술적 기법은 표준화되어 있지만, 해양경관 자체를 평가하는 방법은 표준화되지 않은 한계가 있어 개선이 필요한 실정이다. 특히 국내의 해상풍력발전의 경관영향평가에서도 경관 자체를 수용체로 인식하고 그 경관의 특성 및 민감도를 평가할 수 있는 체계 마련이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 해상풍력발전 사업의 사업 특성을 반영한 해양경관의 질 평가서 작성에 관한 평가방안을 제시하고, 실제 사업대상지를 사례로 적용하여 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 해상풍력발전 사업 시 해양경관의 질 평가는 사전 조사 내용을 바탕으로 경관 특성, 물리적 특성, 사회문화적 특성의 평가항목을 평가하고, 5개의 등급으로 구분하여 해양경관의 질을 평가하였다. 다음으로 평가 항목의 평가 기준을 종합하여 해양경관의 질 등급을 보존등급(5급)-준보존등급(4급)-완충등급(3급)-준 개선등급(2급)-개선등급(1급)으로 구분하여 판정하였다. 또한, 실제 사업대상지인 신안우이 해상풍력 발전사업 단지를 임의로 선정하여 평가 과정을 수행하고 활용성을 검토하였다. 본 연구는 해상풍력발전 사업 시 기존의 시각영향평가 위주의 방법을 보완하고 해양경관 자체의 질을 평가하여 해상풍력발전 사업 진행 시 해양경관자원을 효과적으로 보전하고자 하였다. 경관평가 시 기계적이고 정량적인 평가에 의존하기보다는, 사업대상지의 입지적, 사회문화적 특성에 대한 종합적 이해와 이해당사 자들과의 소통과 협력을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.
논문은 한국환경연구원의 지원을 받아 계획대상지 경관의 질 평가 및 주요 조망점의 가치 평가 기법 개발(연구용역-계약번호2022060D262)의 연구내용 일부를 수정 및 보완한 것임.
References
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. 2021. Assessment of Seascape, Landscape, and Visual Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on the Outer Continental Shelf of the United States
Department of Trade and Industry. 2005. Guidance on the Assessment of the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms: Seascape and Visual Impact Report.
Gu BA, Lee KK, Yhang WJ. 2008. The Effect of Coastal landscape Components on Attitude from Environmental Psychology:A Study on Visual Preference of the Urban Beach Landscapes, Journal of Tourism&Leisure Reseach, 20(2): 52. [Korean Literature]
Jindo-gun Landscape Resource Status Available from https://www.jindo.go.kr/tour/main.cs
Kim JO, Min BY, Woo KS, Kim JP. 2023. A Study on Landscape Quality Assessment Techniques for Offshore Wind Farms - Focusing on Overseas Guidelines Cases -, Journal of the Environmental Impact Assess, 32(4): 230. [Korean Literature]
Landscape Institute, Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment. 2014. Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (GLVIA) 3rd edition.
Lee HM, Maeng JH. 2022. A Study on Implications and Improvement Plans for the Developing Consultation Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Development Projects, Journal of the Environmental Impact Assess, 31(6): 450. [Korean Literature]
Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) Republic of Korea. 2018. Notification No, 2018-10 of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries Marine Environmental Standards Table 1. [Korean Literature]
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. 2017. 3020 Renewable Energy Transition Plan (Proposed). [Korean Literature]
Scottish Natural Heritage. 2017. Visual Representation of Wind Farms Guidance.
Shinan-gun Landscape Resource Status Available from https://www.shinan.go.kr/home/www/about/page.wscms
White Consultants. 2020. Offshore Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment: Review and Update of Seascape and Visual Buffer study for Offshore Wind farms Final Report
Yoon SH, Lee JH, Hong JW, Park SW. 2003. Study on landscape management options for coastal areas, The Marine Institute. [Korean Literature]