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Modeling of Geochemical Variations and Weathering Depth on the Surface of Pelitic Rocks in Periodical Submerging Zone: Bangudae Petroglyphs

주기적 침수구역 이질암 표면의 지구화학적 변화와 풍화심도 모델링: 반구대 암각화

  • Chan Hee, Lee (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Yu Gun, Chun (Department of International Cooperation, Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation)
  • 이찬희 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과 ) ;
  • 전유근 (한국문화재재단 국제협력단)
  • Received : 2022.11.28
  • Accepted : 2022.12.10
  • Published : 2022.12.28

Abstract

The rock surface of Bangudae petroglyphs is mainly dark brown hornfelsified shales by contact metamorphism. The surface form a weathered layer of a invariable depth, and there is a difference with mineral and chemical composition between weathered and non-weathered layers. Surface of the petroglyphs has been discolored to light brown over the face due to biological and chemical weathering. As the measuring chromaticity based on the non-weathered layer, the whiteness and yellowness increased in the weathered layer, and the color difference (ΔE) was 5.54 to 36.89 (mean 17.26). In the weathered layer of the petroglyph surface, the CaO content was reduced by about 90% compared to the non-weathered layer, and Sr also showed the same trend. In particular, the mean porosity of the non-weathered layer was 0.4%, but it was estimated as 25.0% in the weathered layer. This is interpreted as the fact that calcite reacts with water, and forms a weathered layer from the surface as it is eluted. Based on the weathering depth modeling of the petroglyphs using the penetration characteristics of X-rays, the weathering depth of rock faces was found to be 1 to 2mm. However, the area classified as 2mm or more estimated to be a maximum of 3 to 4mm, considering the weathering depth around the petroglyphs surface.

반구대 암각화의 암면은 접촉변성작용을 받아 혼펠스화된 암갈색 셰일이 주류를 이룬다. 이 암면은 일정 깊이의 풍화층을 형성하고 있으며 풍화층과 비풍화층은 광물 및 화학조성에 차이가 있다. 또한 암각화의 표면은 생물 및 화학적 풍화에 의해 전면에 걸쳐 담갈색으로 변색되었다. 비풍화층을 기준으로 색도를 측정한 결과, 풍화층에서는 백색 및 황색도가 증가하였으며, 색차(ΔE)는 5.54~36.89(평균 17.26)를 나타냈다. 암각화 표면의 풍화층에서는 비풍화층에 비해 CaO의 함량이 약 90% 감소하였으며 Sr도 같은 경향을 보였다. 특히 비풍화층의 공극률은 평균 0.4%이나, 풍화층에서는 25.0%로 산출되었다. 이는 방해석이 수분과 반응하며 용출되면서 표면으로부터 풍화층을 형성하기 때문으로 해석된다. 이를 근거로 X-선의 투과특성을 활용하여 암각화의 풍화심도를 모델링하면, 암면의 풍화심도는 대부분 1~2mm로 나타났다. 그러나 2mm 이상으로 분류된 영역은 주변의 풍화심도를 감안할 때, 최대 3~4mm 정도로 판단된다.

Keywords

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