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Use of mothers' home meal replacement and diet quality of their young children

유아 어머니의 유아식사에서 가정간편식 이용 빈도에 따른 유아 자녀의 식사의 질 평가

  • Kim, Bo-Yeon (Major in Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Hyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University)
  • 김보연 (공주대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 김미현 (공주대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2021.04.02
  • Accepted : 2021.05.11
  • Published : 2021.06.30

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the association between the mothers' use of home meal replacement (HMR) in their children's meals and the diet quality of their young children. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-seven mothers with five-year-old kindergartners in Sejong city participated in the survey from June to July 2020. The questionnaire consisted of the status of HMR use in children's meals and questions for assessing the nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P). The subjects were classified into three groups according to the frequency of HMR use in children's meals: using HMR more than three times a week (high-frequency group; [HG], n = 65), one-two times a week (moderate-frequency group; [MG], n = 145), and less than once a week (low-frequency group; [LG], n = 130). Results: The mothers' mean age was 38.3 years. The average monthly cost of purchasing HMRs was highest at 200,000-300,000 won in HG, 50,000-100,000 won in MG, and less than 50,000 won in LG (p < 0.001). The consumption frequency of processed meats, fast foods, processed beverages, and sweet & fatty snacks was significantly higher in the HG group than the other groups. The mean NQ-P score was 60.5 in HG, 63.0 in MG, and 64.5 in LG, showing a significant difference (p < 0.01). In the sub-score according to the three areas, there were no significant differences in balance and environment among the three groups. In the moderation area, however, the score was 44.1 in HG, 51.3 in MG, and 57.5 in LG Group, showing a significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The increase in HMR use was related to the decreased diet quality in the overall and moderation areas of children's diet. These results support the importance of nutrition education for mothers, which aims to reduce their children's access and exposure to processed foods, such as HMR.

현대 가정에서 가정간편식 (HMR)의 이용은 점점 늘어나고 있으나, 식습관이 형성되고 음식 섭취에 있어서 자기 주도적 성향을 나타내는 만 5세 유아자녀를 둔 어머니의 유아식사에서 HMR 이용 실태에 대한 연구가 미비한 상황으로, 본 연구에서는 유아 어머니를 대상으로 유아식사에서 HMR 이용 실태와 유아의 식사의 질과의 관련성을 규명하고자 하였다. 세종특별자치시내 유치원에 재원중인 만 5세 유아 자녀를 둔 어머니 337명을 대상으로 2020년 6월부터 7월까지 유아 식사에서 가정간편식 이용 실태, 미취학 아동대상 영양지수 평가를 위한 식습관에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 유아 식사에서 HMR 이용빈도를 조사한 결과 주 3회 이상 섭취가 62명 (18.4%), 주 1-2회 섭취 145명 (43%), 주 1회 미만 섭취 130명 (38.6%)의 분포를 보였다. 이에 유아 식사에서 HMR 이용빈도에 따라 대상자는 '주3회미만섭취군', '주1-2회섭취군', '주1회미만섭취군'의 세 군으로 분류하였다. 유아 어머니의 평균 나이는 38.3세였으며, 어머니의 직업은 세 군간에 유의적 차이가 없이 전업주부가 가장 많았다. HMR을 구입하는데 드는 한 달 평균 비용은 주3회섭취군은 20-30만원, 주1-2회섭취군은 5-10만원, 주1회 미만섭취군은 5만원 미만의 비율이 높은 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다 (p < 0.001). 자녀의 식사에서 HMR 이용 빈도에 따른 식습관은 세 군간에 콩이나 두유, 생선, 육류, 채소류 반찬, 흰 우유 섭취 빈도 모두 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 과자 또는 달거나 기름진 빵 (p < 0.01), 가공 육류 (p < 0.001), 가공 음료 (p < 0.001), 피자나 햄버거 (p < 0.001)의 섭취 빈도는 세 군간에 유의적 차이를 보여 HMR 이용 빈도가 높은 군일수록 섭취 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 유아 자녀의 영양지수를 평가한 결과 영양지수 총점은 주3회이상섭취군 60.5점, 주1-2회섭취군 63.0점, 주 1회섭취군 64.5점으로 HMR 이용 빈도가 높은 주3회이상섭취군이 다른 두 군보다 유의적으로 낮았다 (p < 0.01). 영역별 점수에서 균형과 환경은 세 군간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 절제 영역은 주3회이상섭취군 44.1점, 주1-2회섭취군 51.3점, 주1회미만섭취군 57.5점으로 HMR 이용빈도가 높을수록 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 통해 유아 어머니가 유아의 식사에서 HMR의 이용빈도가 높은 경우 전체 및 절제 영역의 식사의 질이 감소됨을 알 수 있다. 유아 자녀의 식사는 주 양육자 어머니가 준비하는 음식에 의존하게 되므로 자녀의 건강을 위한 균형 잡힌 영양섭취 및 올바른 식습관 형성을 위해 어머니의 올바른 식품 선택이 매우 중요하다. 특히 식습관 형성기에 있는 유아 자녀의 식사에서 지나친 가공식품의 사용을 절제할 필요성이 제시되었고, 이를 위해 유아 식사의 주된 관리자가 되는 어머니를 대상으로 한 영양교육의 필요성이 매우 높다.

Keywords

References

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