Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment (환경영향평가)

Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment (한국환경영향평가학회)
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Methodological Improvement of the Cumulative Risk Assessment of Health Impact Assessment in Environmental Impact Assessment - Focused on the Industrial Complex Development Projects in the Last Decade -

환경영향평가서 내 건강영향평가의 누적위해성평가 방법론적 개선 - 과거 10년 국내 산업단지 개발 사례를 중심으로 -

  • Received : 2021.09.29
  • Accepted : 2021.11.16
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

Health impact assessment in the environmental impact assessment is conducted to determine whether to exceed the standard of each single substance and to establish appropriate reduction measures. In some development projects, although all substances in risk assessment meet the standard, exposure concentration is very close to it. However, considering the cumulative exposure of all substances, health effects are likely to occur considerably severer than those of individual substances, so it is necessary to prepare a concrete and improved methodology for integrating evaluation of emissions to identify the health effects actually exposed to receptors of living things. This study established the definition of cumulative risk assessment through overseas advanced cases and domestic and foreign literature reviews, and proposed a methodology for utilizing cumulative risk assessment considering health effects on multiple substances when developing industrial complexes. Applied by the proposed methodology, integrated indicators forfourtypes of hazardous heavy metals (Ni, Cr6+, Cd, As) emitted from industrial complexes were calculated, and applicability was tested with case of the industrial complex development projects conducted over the last decade (2011-2020).

현행 환경영향평가 내 건강영향평가는 단일 물질별 기준초과 여부를 평가하고 적정 저감방안을 수립하도록 시행된다. 이에 따라 일부 개발 대상사업의 경우, 위해성평가의 모든 물질이 기준을 만족하지만 노출농도가 기준에 매우 근사한 경우가 존재한다. 하지만 여기서 모든 물질들의 동시 노출을 고려한다면 건강영향은 단일 물질별 관리보다 상당히 크게 발생할 여지가 있다. 실제로 수용체에 노출되는 건강영향을 파악하기 위해 배출물질의 통합평가 방법론의 구체화 및 개선방안 마련이 필요하다. 본 논문은 해외 선진사례 및 국내외 문헌고찰을 통해 누적위해성평가 및 위해성의 통합기법에 대한 개념을 정의하고, 산업단지 개발 시 다물질에 대한 건강영향을 고려한 누적위해성평가 활용을 위한 방법론을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법론을 통해 산업단지에 배출되는 유해중금속 4종(Ni, Cr6+, Cd, As)에 대한 통합지표를 산출하였으며, 과거 10년(2011~2020년) 간 수행된 산업단지 개발사업에 대한 사례적용을 통해 활용성을 확보하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 한국환경산업기술원의 환경보건 디지털 조사 기반 구축 개발사업(과제번호: RE202101454)의 지원을 받아 2021년 한국환경연구원에서 수행한 「환경유해인자 노출에 의한 공간의 환경보건상태 평가 기술개발(2021-060(R))」 사업 및 환경부에서 지원을 받아 2021년 한국환경연구원에서 수행한 「건강 영향평가 방법 고도화 및 사후 검토체계 마련 연구(2021-065)」 사업의 연구결과 일부를 바탕으로 작성되었습니다.

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